Lecturing at the Collège de France thirty years ago on the nature of the state, Pierre Bourdieu queried Weber’s notion that functioning states enjoy a monopoly of ‘legitimate physical violence’. Bourdieu already preferred the expression ‘legitimate and symbolic physical violence’, and in the lectures he commented: ‘One could even call it the “monopoly of legitimate symbolic violence”.’

In the last few years, the French police have overstepped the mark. The use of unreasonable force is nothing new. More worrying is the coincidence, on more than one occasion, of physical violence with sinister signals that make a mockery of the idea that the police are a ‘legitimate’ expression of symbolic violence on the part of the state. If they are, then France is in trouble. Take the case of Théo Luhaka, a 22-year-old youth worker arrested in Seine-Saint-Denis in 2017 during an altercation between a group of young men and police. After he was detained, Luhaka was assaulted with an expandable truncheon, leaving him with severe lesions of the anal sphincter and (it’s assumed) lifelong incontinence. A dark thought in a policeman’s head, or an abusive remark on the tip of his tongue, erupted in the real world. The violence of the racial symbolism – using a crowd-control weapon to rape a black man of Congolese origin, believed perhaps to be getting above his station (his uncle is a cabinet minister in DRC) – compounded the awfulness of the deed.

https://www.lrb.co.uk/blog/2020/december/unreasonable-force



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