https://www.quora.com/Is-Darwinism-like-communism/answer/Jim-Farmelant

I think it would make more sense to ask whether Darwinism is like Marx's 
materialist conception of history, since one can indeed draw some analogies 
between Darwinism and historical materialism.

As the British sociologist, Alan Carling, once expressed it in the abstract for 
his paper, Analytical Marxism and Historical Materialism: The Debate on Social 
Evolution, Science and Society 57 (1):31 - 65 (1993)

https://www.jstor.org/stable/40404639

"Darwinian evolutionary theory marries a genetic account of the origin of 
species to a selectionist account of their subsequent fate. The Marxian theory 
of history is analogous: class struggle provides an account of the origins of 
new regimes of production and selection pressures explain their subsequent 
history. The theory is technologically determinist, but there are three 
distinct doctrines ascribing primacy in different ways to the technological 
forces of production over the social relations of production. Natural Primacy 
is probably true but of limited relevance to the debate about historical 
process. Intentional Primacy, as advocated by G. A. Cohen, is untenable. 
Competitive Primacy is a genuinely evolutionary doctrine that may even be true."

In Carling's version of historical materialism, different modes of production 
are seen as existing in competition both with one another and with nature. The 
system that can foster the development of the forces of production at a given 
historical moment is the one likely to prevail in the struggle for survival 
between rival regimes of production. In this scheme, class struggle figures 
into it because it is class struggles that generate new variations in the 
social relations of production, upon which social selection can operate. 
Carling's version of historical materialism is obviously closely patterned 
after Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection.

Carling applies this conception of historical materialism to the understanding 
of the transition from feudalism to capitalism. He follows economic historian, 
Robert Brenner, in emphasizing the importance of the class struggle between 
feudal landlords and peasants and he follows Brenner in seeing feudalism as a 
system that was characterized by a demographic boom-bust cycle. For Carling, 
the class struggle between peasants and lords was the motor by which new 
relations of production were generated. These struggles had three types of 
possible outcomes. Either the lords would win out as happened in Poland and 
Russia, thereby guaranteeing the survival of serfdom and other aspects of 
feudalism well into the modern era, or, the peasants would win out as happened 
in France which resulted in an agriculture of small peasant proprietors which 
failed to revolutionize the forces of production, or, such struggles could end 
in a kind of standoff in which serfdom was abolished and the peasants became 
formally free but which led to the development of a capitalist agriculture as 
happened in England. In Carling's view, it just so happened that this 
particular set of social relations of production was the sort that could foster 
the development of the productive forces far beyond what feudalism could do. 
For Carling, this conception synthesizes the insights of Maurice Dobb and 
Brenner with the "Smithianism" of Paul Sweezy and Immanuel Wallerstein.

Carling also addresses the issue of why capitalism developed in the West and 
not in the East. In his view, which again follows Brenner, feudalism by virtue 
of its political and economic decentralization was peculiarly hospitable to the 
evolution of new social relations of production within its midst in a way that 
was not characteristic of Asiatic societies especially China where there was 
strong centralized political control and bureaucratic domination.

References

Alan Carling, The Proof of the Pudding: Reason and Value in Social Evolution 
Political Studies Association
https://web.archive.org/web/20040406110626/http://www.psa.ac.uk/spgrp/marxism/carling.htm

David Laibman, Intro to April 2006 issue of Science and Society.
http://www.scienceandsociety.com/editorial_apr06.html

Paul Nolan, Why G. A. Cohen Can't Appeal to Charles Darwin to Help Him Defend 
Karl Marx (But Why Others Can) .
https://www.jstor.org/stable/40404313?seq=1

Paul Nolan, A Darwinian Historical 
Materialism.https://www.quora.com/Is-Darwinism-like-communism/answer/Jim-Farmelant
http://link-springer-com-443.webvpn.fjmu.edu.cn/chapter/10.1057/9781403919977_4

Jim Farmelant
http://independent.academia.edu/JimFarmelant
http://www.foxymath.com
Learn or Review Basic Math


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