In my view, there are two great scientific discoveries made by Marx and
Engels: the materialist conception of history and the law of value under
capitalism; in particular, the existence of surplus value in capitalist
accumulation. The materialist conception of history asserts that the
material conditions of a society’s mode of production and the social
classes that emerge in that mode of production ultimately determine a
society’s relations and ideology. As Marx said in the preface to his
1859 book/A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Contribution_to_the_Critique_of_Political_Economy>/:
“/The mode of production of material life conditions the general process
of social, political and intellectual life. It is not the consciousness
of men that determines their existence, but their social existence that
determines their consciousness.”/
That general view has been vindicated many times in studies of the
economic and political history of human organisation. That is
particularly the case in explaining the rise of capitalism to become the
dominant mode of production. Now there is new study that adds yet more
support for the materialist conception of history. Three scholars at
Berkeley and Columbia Universities have published a paper, When Did
Growth Begin? New Estimates of Productivity Growth in England from 1250
to 1870.https://eml.berkeley.edu/~jsteinsson/papers/malthus.pdf
<https://eml.berkeley.edu/~jsteinsson/papers/malthus.pdf>
https://thenextrecession.wordpress.com/2021/03/28/the-rise-of-capitalism-and-the-productivity-of-labour/
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