This report analyses the role of the Syrian Kurdish People’s Protection
Units (YPG) and the associated Democratic Union Party (PYD) during the
Syrian civil war. The purpose of our research is to obtain a better
understanding of the nature, objectives and methods of the YPG/ PYD as a
combined paramilitary and rebel force that is involved in a
quasi-statebuilding project during an internationalised civil war. We
start by examining the critical factors that enabled the swift rise of
the YPG: informal arrangements with the Assad regime, support from the
Kurdistan Workers’ Party and a pragmatic partnership with the US against
Islamic State. This sets the scene for an inquiry into how core YPG
strategies to maintain its dominance once it was established – coercive,
deal-making, identity and basic service strategies – both shape the
group’s behavior and result from its current organization. Finally, we
dissect a number of major challenges to future YPG rule, such as its
relation with the PKK, intra-Kurdish reconciliation, the US presence in
northeast Syria and its interaction with the Arab populations over which
it rules.
https://www.clingendael.org/publication/ypgpyd-during-syrian-conflict
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