Apparently (and I’ve had a little off-list help on this), it’s Bukharin.

I’d tracked it down to a volume I’d picked up along the way called ‘Aspects of 
History and Class Consciousness’, edited by István Mászáros, according to its 
introduction the papers collected in which ‘were originally written for a 
series of open lectures held at Sussex University in 1969-70 and, when 
necessary, revised by their authors in the light of the discussion that 
followed each lecture …’ Amongst others, there are essays here by Mászáros 
himself, Hobsbawm, Bottomore, Lucien Goldmann, Miliband. I’d never got round to 
reading it before but as I’ve been thinking about these things recently I’d 
leafed through it. In this volumen, Goldmann mentions ‘class in itself’ once, 
commenting on ‘the distinction which Marx made between class in itself and 
class for itself’, without a reference, Mészáros mentions the concept multiple 
times, both in the introduction, and in an essay titled ‘Contingent and 
necessary class consciousness’, which references ‘The Eighteenth Brumaire’ and 
the ‘Poverty of Philosophy’ (where, as I now know, Marx never uses it), and 
occasionally Lukács.

Poulantzas uses the term various times (Classes in Contemporary Capitalism 
(1975), Political Power and Social Classes (1978), in the former attributing 
it, without citation, to Lukács).
I couldn’t find it in Lukács; nor in Lenin, or Trotsky, nor in Engels or 
Kautsky. 

But then Mandel (1970) uses it in his The Leninist Theory of Organisation 
(https://www.marxists.org/archive/mandel/196x/leninism/index.htm), referencing 
Marx but citing Bukharin’s Historical Materialism (1921), where sure enough, 
it’s there 
(https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1921/histmat/index.htm). 
Bukharin, incorrectly, cites Marx.


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