Huh?
So Prof Betancourt (Prof B) takes 20th-21st century values/mores and transfers 
them onto the Byzantine Empire.
Like folks who take the nuclear family and roll it back to Mary and Joseph and 
their TWO kids
For that matter Adam and Eve and their TWO kids to show that the the nuclear 
family is the norm throughout the history of human existence
which for all we know may indicate to Prof B the nuclear family like race is  
"... a concept that stands outside history. It is a timeless idea."
Physical distinctions have always existed and likely noticed ... contemporary 
concepts of race began to gain traction as European colonial enterprise spread 
across the globe; the Byzantine Empire having collapsed (a separate matter) 
and the nuclear family became more of the norm w/ the rise of capitalism and 
the opportunity for the nuclear family to become a more self-reliant social 
unit not having to rely as much on extended family or "a village".
Per Prof B  " Race (skin color)....It defines who you are and where you stand 
in the world.”
It appears that he may be a Freudian; that "biology is destiny"  (though 
physiology may be more accurate than biology; sorry Sigmund)

If that's the case the Prof B may need his head examined.  
Brian Gibbons





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