On 7/5/21 4:59 AM, Kevin Lindemann and Cathy Campo wrote:
https://monthlyreview.org/2021/07/01/is-china-transforming-the-world/
"China is currently accused of neocolonialism: in its exchanges with
this third world, it only imports raw materials and buys land and mines
there. This is to forget that it provides in return crucial
infrastructure, including hospitals, roads, railways, ports, airports,
cultural, or sporting facilities—something that Westerners have rarely
done."
The Collapse of Argentina, part one: Railway Imperialism
<http://www.columbia.edu/~lnp3/mydocs/state_and_revolution/argentina1.htm>
If one is a Marx "literalist," there can obviously be a lot of confusion
about the introduction of railways into Argentina or India, especially
when Marx wrote:
"I know that the English millocracy intend to endow India with railways
with the exclusive view of extracting at diminished expense the cotton
and other raw materials for their manufactures. But when you have once
introduced machinery into locomotion of a country, which possesses iron
and coals, you are unable to withhold it from its fabrication. You
cannot maintain a net of railways over immense country without
introducing all those industrial processes necessary to meet the
immediate and current wants of railway locomotion, and out of which
there must grow the application of machinery to those branches of
industry not immediately connected with railways. The railways system
will therefore become, in India, truly the forerunner of modern
industry." ("The Future Results of British Rule in India," NY Daily
Tribune, Aug. 8, 1853)
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