[ *Editor's note* : Marxist sociologist Boris Kagarlitsky is currently in a 
Russian prison for speaking out against the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. In 
support of his release, the Boris Kagarlitsky International Solidarity Campaign 
is hosting an online conference on October 8, “ Boris Kagarlitsky and the 
challenges of the left today ( https://freeboris.info/events ) ”. LINKS 
International Journal of Socialist Renewal is proud to be a co-sponsor of this 
conference and encourages all readers to read the program and register for the 
conference today ( https://freeboris.info/events ).]

The following article is the result of six letters sent by Boris Kagarlitsky 
from Russian prison to his co-author Dmitry Pozhidaev, who has then, with 
Kagarlitsky's permission, compiled, translated and edited them into an article.

Debates over whether Russia’s current decoupling from the West and pivot to 
China constitutes a real delinking from the imperialist centre, as 
conceptualised by Samir Amin (Amin, 2017), have intensified following the 
conflict in Ukraine and imposition of unprecedented Western sanctions against 
Russia (Kolyandr, 2024). The official Russian narrative frames this pivot as a 
process of “liberation from the Western yolk” (Karaganov, 2023), promoting a 
mutually beneficial partnership based on common values, mutual respect and 
non-interference — in contrast to the political and economic dependency 
experienced with the West. However, there is no consensus among political 
scientists and economists regarding the consequences of this development. 
Several scholars, including my co-author Dmitry Pozhidaev (2024), argue that 
Russia’s decoupling presents an opportunity for potential delinking from the 
capitalist core (though I fear Pozhidaev may be overly optimistic about this). 
In contrast, Milanovic (2022), Torkunov and Streltsov (2023), Komolov (2023), 
and Kluge (2024) highlight various risks associated with Russia’s growing 
dependency on China and the threat of direct exploitation — ranging from 
monetary and financial, to technological and political.

We have started a new research project with Pozhidaev to analyse if Russia’s 
reorientation toward China signifies a genuine move towards independent, 
self-centred development or simply a transfer of dependencies to a new global 
power. Following Amin (2017), we conceptualise delinking as having two 
interlinked components: decoupling and self-centred development. Delinking is 
not merely isolation (decoupling), but the reorganisation of economic and 
social systems to serve internal needs and priorities rather than the demands 
of global capital (self-centred development). As Katz (2023) argues, a mere 
conflict with the capitalist centre does not mean true delinking.

In this context, it is essential to develop a comprehensive understanding of 
China’s role in the ongoing development of the world-system, its potential as a 
new global capitalist centre, and the prospects for its relations with Russia. 
Understanding China’s position is complex, particularly as its current 
trajectory challenges established frameworks of world-systems analysis. As 
China evolves, it has emerged not only into a significant player within the 
global economy but as a potential catalyst for the disintegration of existing 
structures. This analysis explores the relationship between China’s ruling 
elite, its conservative developmental strategy, and the implications for 
international dynamics.

Continue reading at 
https://links.org.au/boris-kagarlitsky-china-and-russia-modern-world-system-dual-challenge


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