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How Fascism Came

America’s democracy was destroyed by the two ruling parties who sold us out to 
corporations, militarists and billionaires. Now we pay the price.

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| Chris Hedges |

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|  Dec 23 |

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Inside Out - by Mr. Fish
For over two decades, I and a handful of others — Sheldon Wolin, Noam Chomsky, 
Chalmers Johnson, Barbara Ehrenreich and Ralph Nader — warned that the 
expanding social inequality and steady erosion of our democratic institutions, 
including the media, the Congress, organized labor, academia and the courts, 
would inevitably lead to an authoritarian or Christian fascist state. My books 
— “American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War on America” (2007), 
“Empire of Illusion: The End of Literacy and the Triumph of Spectacle” (2009), 
“Death of the Liberal Class” (2010), “Days of Destruction, Days of Revolt” 
(2012), written with Joe Sacco, “Wages of Rebellion” (2015) and “America: The 
Farewell Tour” (2018) were a succession of impassioned pleas to take the decay 
seriously. I take no joy in being correct.
“The rage of those abandoned by the economy, the fears and concerns of a 
beleaguered and insecure middle class, and the numbing isolation that comes 
with the loss of community, would be the kindling for a dangerous mass 
movement,” I wrote in “American Fascists” in 2007. “If these dispossessed were 
not reincorporated into mainstream society, if they eventually lost all hope of 
finding good, stable jobs and opportunities for themselves and their children — 
in short, the promise of a brighter future — the specter of American fascism 
would beset the nation. This despair, this loss of hope, this denial of a 
future, led the desperate into the arms of those who promised miracles and 
dreams of apocalyptic glory.”

President-elect Donald Trump does not herald the advent of fascism. He heralds 
the collapse of the veneer that masked the corruption within the ruling class 
and their pretense of democracy. He is the symptom, not the disease. The loss 
of basic democratic norms began long before Trump, which paved the road to an 
American totalitarianism. Deindustrialization, deregulation, austerity, 
unchecked predatory corporations, including the health-care industry, wholesale 
surveillance of every American, social inequality, an electoral system that is 
plagued by legalized bribery, endless and futile wars, the largest prison 
population in the world, but most of all feelings of betrayal, stagnation and 
despair, are a toxic brew that culminate in an inchoate hatred of the ruling 
class and the institutions they have deformed to exclusively serve the rich and 
the powerful. The Democrats are as guilty as the Republicans.

“Trump and his coterie of billionaires, generals, half-wits, Christian 
fascists, criminals, racists, and moral deviants play the role of the Snopes 
clan in some of William Faulkner’s novels,” I wrote in “America: The Farewell 
Tour.” “The Snopeses filled the power vacuum of the decayed South and 
ruthlessly seized control from the degenerated, former slaveholding 
aristocratic elites. Flem Snopes and his extended family — which includes a 
killer, a pedophile, a bigamist, an arsonist, a mentally disabled man who 
copulates with a cow, and a relative who sells tickets to witness the 
bestiality — are fictional representations of the scum now elevated to the 
highest level of the federal government. They embody the moral rot unleashed by 
unfettered capitalism.”

“The usual reference to ‘amorality,’ while accurate, is not sufficiently 
distinctive and by itself does not allow us to place them, as they should be 
placed, in a historical moment,” the critic Irving Howe wrote of the Snopeses. 
“Perhaps the most important thing to be said is that they are what comes 
afterwards: the creatures that emerge from the devastation, with the slime 
still upon their lips.”

“Let a world collapse, in the South or Russia, and there appear figures of 
coarse ambition driving their way up from beneath the social bottom, men to 
whom moral claims are not so much absurd as incomprehensible, sons of 
bushwhackers or muzhiks drifting in from nowhere and taking over through the 
sheer outrageousness of their monolithic force,” Howe wrote. “They become 
presidents of local banks and chairmen of party regional committees, and later, 
a trifle slicked up, they muscle their way into Congress or the Politburo. 
Scavengers without inhibition, they need not believe in the crumbling official 
code of their society; they need only learn to mimic its sounds.”

The political philosopher Sheldon Wolin called our system of governance 
“inverted totalitarianism,” one that kept the old iconography, symbols and 
language, but had surrendered power to corporations and oligarchs. Now we will 
shift to totalitarianism’s more recognizable form, one dominated by a demagogue 
and an ideology grounded in the demonization of the other, hypermasculinity and 
magical thinking.

Fascism is always the bastard child of a bankrupt liberalism.

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“We live in a two-tiered legal system, one where poor people are harassed, 
arrested and jailed for absurd infractions, such as selling loose cigarettes — 
which led to Eric Garner being choked to death by the New York City police in 
2014 — while crimes of appalling magnitude by the oligarchs and corporations, 
from oil spills to bank fraud in the hundreds of billions of dollars, which 
wiped out 40 percent of the world’s wealth, are dealt with through tepid 
administrative controls, symbolic fines, and civil enforcement that give these 
wealthy perpetrators immunity from criminal prosecution,” I wrote in “America: 
The Farewell Tour.”

The utopian ideology of neoliberalism and global capitalism is a vast con. 
Global wealth, rather than being spread equitably, as neoliberal proponents 
promised, was funneled upward into the hands of a rapacious, oligarchic elite, 
fueling the worst economic inequality since the age of the robber barons. The 
working poor, whose unions and rights were stripped from them and whose wages 
have stagnated or declined over the past 40 years, have been thrust into 
chronic poverty and underemployment. Their lives, as Barbara Ehrenreich 
chronicled in “Nickel and Dimed,” are one long, stress-ridden emergency. The 
middle class is evaporating. Cities that once manufactured products and offered 
factory jobs are boarded up-wastelands. Prisons are overflowing. Corporations 
have orchestrated the destruction of trade barriers, allowing them to stash 
$1.42 trillion in profits in overseas banks to avoid paying taxes.

Neoliberalism, despite its promise to build and spread democracy, swiftly 
gutted regulations and hollowed out democratic systems to turn them into 
corporate leviathans. The labels “liberal” and “conservative” are meaningless 
in the neoliberal order, evidenced by a Democratic presidential candidate who 
bragged about an endorsement from Dick Cheney, a war criminal who left office 
with a 13 percent approval rating. The attraction of Trump is that, although 
vile and buffoonish, he mocks the bankruptcy of the political charade.

“The permanent lie is the apotheosis of totalitarianism,” I wrote in “America: 
The Farewell Tour”:


It no longer matters what is true. It matters only what is ‘correct.’ Federal 
courts are being stacked with imbecilic and incompetent judges who serve the 
‘correct’ ideology of corporatism and the rigid social mores of the Chrtistian 
right. They hold reality, including science and the rule of law, in contempt. 
They seek to banish those who live in a reality-based world defined by 
intellectual and moral autonomy. Totalitarian rule always elevates the brutal 
and the stupid. These reigning idiots have no genuine political philosophy or 
goals. They use clichés and slogans, most of which are absurd and 
contradictory, to justify their greed and lust for power. This is as true for 
the Christian right as it is for the corporatists that preach the free market 
and globalization. The merger of the corporatists with the Christian right is 
the marrying of Godzilla to Frankenstein.


The illusions peddled on our screens — including the fictitious persona created 
for Trump on The Apprentice — have replaced reality. Politics is burlesque as 
Kamala Harris’ vapid, celebrity-filled campaign illustrated. It is smoke and 
mirrors created by the army of agents, publicists, marketing departments, 
promoters, script writers, television and movie producers, video technicians, 
photographers, bodyguards, wardrobe consultants, fitness trainers, pollsters, 
public announcers and television new personalities. We are a culture awash in 
lies.

“The cult of the self dominates our cultural landscape,” I wrote in “Empire of 
Illusion”:


This cult has within it the classic traits of psychopaths: superficial charm, 
grandiosity and self-importance; a need for constant stimulation, a penchant 
for lying, deception, and manipulation, and the inability to feel remorse or 
guilt. This is, of course, the ethic promoted by corporations. It is the ethic 
of unfettered capitalism. It is the misguided belief that personal style and 
personal advancement, mistaken for individualism, are the same as democratic 
equality. In fact, personal style, defined by the commodities we buy or 
consume, has become a compensation for our loss of democratic equality. We have 
a right, in the cult of the self, to get whatever we desire. We can do 
anything, even belittle and destroy those around us, including our friends, to 
make money, to be happy, and to become famous. Once fame and wealth are 
achieved, they become their own justification, their own morality. How one gets 
there is irrelevant. Once you get there, those questions are no longer asked.


My book “Empire of Illusion” begins in Madison Square Garden at a World 
Wrestling Entertainment tour. I understood that professional wrestling was the 
template for our social and political life, but did not know that it would 
produce a president.

“The bouts are stylized rituals,” I wrote, in what could have been a 
description of a Trump rally:


They are public expressions of pain and a fervent longing for revenge. The 
lurid and detailed sagas behind each bout, rather than the wrestling matches 
themselves, are what drive crowds to a frenzy. These ritualized battles give 
those packed in the arenas a temporary, heady release from mundane lives. The 
burden of real problems is transformed into fodder for a high-energy pantomime.


It is not going to get better. The tools to shut down dissent have been 
cemented into place. Our democracy cratered years ago. We are in the grip of 
what Søren Kierkegaard called “sickness unto death” — the numbing of the soul 
by despair that leads to moral and physical debasement. All Trump has to do to 
establish a naked police state is flip a switch. And he will.

“The worse reality becomes, the less a beleaguered population wants to hear 
about it,” I wrote at the conclusion of “Empire of Illusion,” “and the more it 
distracts itself with squalid pseudo-events of celebrity breakdowns, gossip and 
trivia. These are the debauched revels of a dying civilization.”


Chris Hedges 
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