BTW at least a partial Coase–Marx synthesis might be possible if we were to 
combine Coase’s *institutional realism* with Marx’s *analysis of power and 
class*. Both Marx and Coase reject frictionless, abstract economics and insist 
that outcomes are shaped by concrete institutions: firms, property rights, 
contracts, and law. Coase explains these institutions as responses to positive 
transaction costs: firms exist because markets are costly to use, and legal 
rules matter because they shape bargaining. Marx complements this by showing 
that the same institutions also stabilize class power: property rights and 
workplace hierarchy are not neutral, but systematically favor owners over 
workers. Read together, transaction costs are not just technical frictions but 
socially structured costs that reflect unequal power and dependence.

On this view, capitalist institutions can be seen as both simultaneously 
*efficient and dominating*. Firms reduce coordination costs precisely by 
concentrating authority, which also enables surplus extraction and labor 
control. Legal rules lower transaction costs for capital while raising them for 
labor, making many “Coasean bargains” formally possible but practically 
unreachable. The synthesis preserves Coase’s comparative institutional analysis 
while adding Marx’s historical and normative critique: capitalism’s 
institutions work, but they work by embedding class power into the mechanisms 
that economize on costs.


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