Thanks Jeffrey. That clarifies why \mathcal works everywhere: it's 
handled by matplotlib's own parser. In contrast, for \textcolor, a call 
to TeX via the lines

from matplotlib import rc
rc('text', usetex=True)
rc('text.latex', preamble='\usepackage{color}')

is necessary.

I still don't get \texcolor to work for anything other than ps. This is 
inconvenient as I'm not used to PostScript; for one thing, when I need 
the plot to be 'big' [using plt.figure(figsize=(13.0, 13.0))], the ps 
file created seems to be an A4 format with the plot not fitting onto 
it: it is shown only partially. In contrast, for pdf or svg output, the 
page size is adapted to the figure size -- but in those cases 
\textcolor does not work...

On Wed 14 Aug 2013 03:34:13 CEST, Jeffrey Spencer wrote:
> Have a look here why Mathcal works in all backends:
>
> http://matplotlib.org/users/mathtext.html
>
> They give an example for an interactive backend which means it would
> work with any output format in the link you provided. Could also use
> \textcolor for .pdf output as well since the text rendering would use
> TeX as well but this wouldn't get you SVG.
>
> On Tue, Aug 13, 2013 at 9:00 PM, Xiha <x...@laposte.net
> <mailto:x...@laposte.net>> wrote:
>
>     Hello,
>
>     I am trying to color-highlight parts of a figure title. I got it
>     to work via the second ('non-interactive') solution given here
>     
> <http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9169052/partial-coloring-of-text-in-matplotlib>,
>     using TeX's \textcolor. It has the advantage (over the first
>     solution) that you can use .xlabel(), .title() etc. as usual.
>
>     However the limitation stated is that it only works when saving
>     the plot as a PostScript file. I'm finding this to be true: the
>     coloring does not appear when plotting to the screen rather than
>     to a file (as with .show()), nor when using matplotlib.use('SVG')
>     or matplotlib.use('AGG') to get svg or png output (which I would
>     prefer). This is so even though other 'fancy' TeX commands like
>     \mathcal do seem to work in all output options.
>
>     I am only minimally acquainted with (La)TeX, and fairly new to
>     Python and matplotlib too, so I don't quite grasp what is going on
>     here, and whether it is worth digging deeper to try and make it
>     work. So: why is there a difference in success between using
>     (e.g.) \mathcal versus \textcolor over different output options?
>
>     Many thanks!
>     ||
>
>     
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