Hello,
I am interested in power system islanding. I know that in load flow we need to 
specify a reference bus but in OPF the situation is different. So why in each 
islands a reference bus helps convergence? Particularly my question relates to 
the following comment which pops up when we specify more than one reference bus 
during opf. 

"opf_setup: Warning: Multiple reference buses.
           For a system with islands, a reference bus in each island
           may help convergence, but in a fully connected system such
           a situation is probably not reasonable."

I have an example of a 14 bus case in which if we dont specify reference bus in 
each island it diverges but converges with the reference bus in two islands. I 
suppose this is due to some default setting in matpower because in my islanding 
optimization code every thing works without specification of ref bus in islands.

Thanks

Kind regards,
Waqquas


      

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