Dear all,

I find there is a constraints in the matpower that for power flow limits:
[cid:[email protected]]
And according to the definition, the rate A means long term rating, regarding 
to the formula above, what exacly the rate A mean?

Another question is that  there is a question that for the equation for power 
injections, on the paper the formula is as follows:
[cid:[email protected]]
But in the code, it is be written as another pattern as follows:
The P(i)=GE(i)*E(i)+sum P(power flow limit)

My question is that how can we derive the formula from the first pattern to the 
second pattern?
Do you have any materials about this derivation?




Best regards,

Qi Wang

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