I’m sorry, I’m afraid I don’t understand what “penalty” you are referring to. 
The standard OPF problem formulation used by MATPOWER (e.g. see section 5 in 
the User’s Manual) does not include any "penalty".

--

Ray Zimmerman
Senior Research Associate
B30 Warren Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
phone: (607) 255-9645



On May 21, 2014, at 3:07 PM, Loren Michael <[email protected]> wrote:

> Hello sir, 
>              I have a question that in optimal power flow for any objective 
> function  why we take the penalty for only dependent variable?
> 
> 
> Thank you sir,

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