Suppose a particular bus has a 100 MW load and a 100 MW generator that is 
dispatched at 25 MW. That is equivalent to a 75 MW load and the cost of the 25 
MW of generation can be considered as the cost of curtailing 25 MW of the 
nominal 100 MW load.

    Ray


> On Mar 17, 2016, at 12:43 PM, Mounika Vanjarapu <[email protected]> 
> wrote:
> 
> k sir.
> and how to represent a dummy generator.when i include  a generator at one 
> bus,it is also scheduled as per opf formulation.and how the load will be 
> curtailed by using this.
> 
> On Thu, Mar 17, 2016 at 10:07 PM, Ray Zimmerman <[email protected] 
> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
> I’m afraid I can’t answer the question of whether or not your particular 
> problem formulation implements the “time of use” program you intend.
> 
>     Ray
> 
> 
>> On Mar 17, 2016, at 12:01 PM, Mounika Vanjarapu <[email protected] 
>> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>> 
>> thanx for replying sir and i will try this.  one more clarification i need 
>> from you.
>>                           I implement time of use program for congestion 
>> management.ie <http://management.ie/> for different periods the price will 
>> be different .for example peak and off peak,valley periods.
>> 1.I take the case of ieee14 bus system and i create congestion by decreasing 
>> the line flow limit at 3rd bus to 30MW where the actual power flow is 
>> 39.77MW.so <http://39.77mw.so/> there will be congestion occured.therefore 
>> the LMP values will increase.
>> 2.In order to mitigate this condition I use the scale load function and 
>> scale the load into peak ,off peak and valley periods in the ratio of 
>> 0.55,0.3,0.15 resp. at all buses.
>> 3.Now i use price sensitive loads concept where I assume the marginal 
>> benefit is 28.5$/MWh,above that pirce the load should be curtailed.
>> 4.In peak periods the load is curtailed and I show the gencost,objective 
>> function,demand cost comparisons by not applying time of use.
>>                    My question is am i using the price sensitive loads in a 
>> correct way in my context of time of use program are I am violating.I mean 
>> that, is my approach  for implementing time of use program using price 
>> sensitive loads is in a correct way.
>>             Please suggest me,i need advice from you.
>> 
>> 
>> On Thu, Mar 17, 2016 at 7:47 PM, Ray Zimmerman <[email protected] 
>> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>> I can think of two essentially equivalent ways to do this. 
>> 
>> (1) Model the loads as fixed loads at their nominal values plus a dummy 
>> generator that represents curtailment. The cost of curtailment is then 
>> included directly as a positive cost for these curtailment dummy generators.
>> 
>> (2) Model your load as a dispatchable load with a benefit function equal to 
>> the benefit to the load minus the curtailment payment from the ISO.
>> 
>> For a DC OPF there should be no difference between the two approaches. For 
>> an AC OPF the only difference is that (1) affects real power only, but (2) 
>> forces the power factor of the load to remain constant, so reactive power is 
>> curtailed in proportion to the real power curtailed.
>> 
>>    Ray
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>>> On Mar 16, 2016, at 10:10 PM, Mounika Vanjarapu <[email protected] 
>>> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>>> 
>>> sir
>>>     coming to direct load control program where the case is to give 
>>> incentives to the customers for load reduction,the objective function 
>>> should includes the incentives payment along with the generators 
>>> cost.whereas showing the price sensitive loads the objective function 
>>> removes the payment by the loads.presently in matpower the runopf does this.
>>>                           my question is can we change our objective 
>>> function according to our problem in matpower.why because ISO have to pay 
>>> money to the people for their curtailment.so i want to includes this money 
>>> in my objective function.
>>> 
>>> On Wed, Mar 16, 2016 at 7:51 PM, Ray Zimmerman <[email protected] 
>>> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>>> Since MATPOWER represents dispatchable demand as negative generation with 
>>> negative cost, the objective function ends up being the negative of net 
>>> benefits. Normally you want to maximize net benefits (total benefit to 
>>> demand minus total cost of supply). MATPOWER does this by minimizing the 
>>> negative of net benefits. So a negative objective function silly means that 
>>> the benefits to the loads is greater than the cost to generators … which is 
>>> what you normally expect.
>>> 
>>>     Ray
>>> 
>>> 
>>> > On Mar 16, 2016, at 5:13 AM, Mounika Vanjarapu 
>>> > <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>>> >
>>> > sir
>>> >
>>> > what does  it means a negative objective function.
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>> 
>> 
> 
> 

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