There are 9 messages in this issue.
Topics in this digest:
1. MEDICAL: INJURIES ACCIDENTS AND FIRST AID: INJURY TREATMENT: Some
From: David P. Dillard
2. Exploration: Then and Now -- NASA and Jamestown Education Module
From: David P. Dillard
3. [Net-Gold] No Child Left Behind up for Review
From: David P. Dillard
4. ENVIRONMENT: GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE: Experts Send Stronge
From: David P. Dillard
5. ENVIRONMENT: GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE: The Pew Center On
From: David P. Dillard
6. Just for Fun: Wood spiders on drugs and the kinds of webs they weave
From: George Lessard
7. MEXICO: Two community radio journalists beaten, one arrested
From: George Lessard
8. WOMEN: HEALTH : MEDICAL: DISEASES: HEART: Heart Disease Deaths in
From: David P. Dillard
9. MEDICAL RESEARCH: Common Blood Pressure Drug Reduces Progressive
From: David P. Dillard
Messages
________________________________________________________________________
1. MEDICAL: INJURIES ACCIDENTS AND FIRST AID: INJURY TREATMENT: Some
Posted by: "David P. Dillard" [EMAIL PROTECTED] jwneastro
Date: Thu Feb 1, 2007 11:39 am ((PST))
MEDICAL: INJURIES ACCIDENTS AND FIRST AID: INJURY TREATMENT:
Some Treatment and Recovery Information for Knee Sprains
WEBBIB0607
This is a brief collection of web page citations and published article
listings that focus on treatment and recovery regimen information for
sprains of the knee.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Knee Sprain or Sprained Knee Treatment and Recovery: A Few Web and
Published Sources
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Knee injuries
Published by BUPA's Health Information Team
January 2004
<http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/html/Knee_ligament_injuries.html>
A sprained knee is one of the most common sporting injuries. It happens
when the knee receives an impact or is moved beyond its normal range of
movement. This can occur as a result of a fall or when landing awkwardly.
Sports that combine running and stopping with quick changes of direction
cause plenty of knee injuries.
Health Encyclopedia - Diseases and Conditions
Knee Sprains
<http://www.healthcentral.com/encyclopedia/408/262.html>
What is the Definition of Knee Sprains?
Description of Knee Sprains
Causes of Knee Sprains
Treatment for Knee Sprains
Self Care for Knee Sprains
What Questions to ask Your Doctor About Knee Sprains?
What is the Definition of Knee Sprains?
By definition, a knee sprain is an injury to a knee ligament. The sprain
may vary in severity from a slight stretch to a complete tear of the
ligament.
<snip>
Rehabilitation
If the MCL sprain is a mild one, an early rehabilitation program using a
stationary bicycle and leg extension and curl exercises is all you need.
Begin by riding the bicycle for 20 minutes. Keep the seat high so that the
range of motion is minimal. Do not put any drag on the bike; you are
simply interested in moving the knee. In the very beginning, you may not
be able to pedal all the way around. Just pedal back and forth until you
can come over the top.
Do the leg extension while seated at a bench or a table. Once you lift the
weight, hold at full extension for three seconds, and then very slowly
lower your leg. Concentrate on the slow movement down, which is the most
important part of the lift. Muscle contraction against weight while the
muscle is lengthened builds the most strength. Ten lifts make a set. Do
five sets of this exercise and rest for 30 seconds or more, if needed,
after each set.
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Sprains, Strains and Other Soft Tissue Injuries
<http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/brochure/thr_report.cfm?
Thread_ID=17&topcategory=Sports>
A shorter URL for the above link:
<http://tinyurl.com/2rmyuu>
Most mild sprains heal with "R.I.C.E." (rest, ice, compression and
elevation) and exercise. Moderate sprains may also require a period of
bracing. The most severe sprains may require surgery to repair torn
ligaments.
MD Advice.com
Knee Sprain
<http://www.mdadvice.com/library/sport/sport267.html>
Excerpted from Healthwise Handbook -
Chapter 6 Bone, Muscle, and Joint Problems
Strains, Sprains, and Fractures
<http://www.permanente.net/homepage/handbook/
healthwisehandbook/ch_06/ch_06_strains_sprains_fractures.htm>
A shorter URL for the above link:
<http://tinyurl.com/32tpot>
Excerpt from Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
<http://www.emedicine.com/SPORTS/byname/
Anterior-Cruciate-Ligament-Injury.htm>
A shorter URL for the above link:
<http://tinyurl.com/2urxz3>
Synonyms, Key Words, and Related Terms: ACL injury, knee injury, knee
ligament injury, sprained knee, twisted knee, ACL injuries, anterior
cruciate ligament injuries
Full Topic Text: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
<http://www.emedicine.com/sports/TOPIC9.HTM>
Treatment of knee sprains: modified Robert Jones or elastic support
bandage?
Hughes DL
Journal Of Accident and Emergency Medicine
1995 June v. 12 no. 2 p. 115-118
Medial collateral ligament knee sprains in college football: Effectiveness
of preventive braces
Albright, John P.; Powell, John W.; Smith, Walter; Martindale, Al;
Crowley, Edward; Monroe, Jeff; Miller, Russ; Connolly, John; Hill, Billy
A.; Miller, Dennis
American Journal of Sports Medicine
v. 22 no. 1 1994 p. 12-18
Medical collateral ligament knee sprains in college football: Brace wear
preferences and injury risk
Albright, John P.; Powell, John W.; Smith, Walter; Martindale, Al;
Crowley, Edward; Monroe, Jeff; Miller, Russ; Connolly, John; Hill, Billy
A.; Miller, Dennis
American Journal of Sports Medicine
v. 22 no. 1 1994 p. 2-11
Relationship between peak torque, work, and power for knee flexion and
extension in clients with grade I medical compartment sprains of the knee
Bandy, William D.; Timm, Kent E.
Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy
v. 16 no. 6 1992 p. 288-292
Knee ligament sprains -- acute and chronic.
Stanish, W.D.; O'Grady, P.; Dillon, J.E., in, Harries, M. (ed.) et al.,
Oxford textbook of sport medicine,
New York, N.Y., Oxford University Press, c1994, p. 364-384
Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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Messages in this topic (1)
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2. Exploration: Then and Now -- NASA and Jamestown Education Module
Posted by: "David P. Dillard" [EMAIL PROTECTED] jwneastro
Date: Fri Feb 2, 2007 3:55 am ((PST))
Date: Fri, 2 Feb 2007 06:24:00 -0500
From: David P. Dillard <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: Net Gold Listserv List <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Exploration: Then and Now -- NASA and Jamestown Education Module
Date: Thu, 1 Feb 2007 17:23:30 EST
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED],
[EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: [Net-Gold] Exploration: Then and Now -- NASA and Jamestown
Education Module
.
Exploration: Then and Now -- NASA and Jamestown Education Module
The educational module Exploration: Then and Now
commemorating the settlement of Jamestown is available
in the For Educators section of the NASA Web site.
The module focuses on the settlement of Jamestown, the
first permanent English-speaking colony in the New World,
and NASA's plans to return to the moon and reach for Mars.
Exploration: Then and Now is made up of four lessons and
one introductory activity, "Survival!" Educators may choose
to complete any or all parts of the lessons. Each lesson
consists of several student activities.
The components of the module include:
-- Survival!: What do explorers need to survive in a new
world?
-- Transportation: How do vessel design, navigation and
propulsion affect exploration?
-- Settlement: How do an area's location, soil and weather
affect settlement?
-- Follow the Water: How is water important to life?
-- Human Needs: How do people adapt to and meet their
needs in new environments?
To view the Exploration: Then and Now Module, visit:
<http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/
5-8/features/F_Exploration_Then_and_Now.html>
To learn more about the educational events surrounding
the 400th anniversary of the settling of Jamestown,
visit:
<http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/
5-8/features/F_400_Years_of_Exploration.html>
Bonnie Bracey Sutton
Outreach GLEF.org
http://www.digitaldivide.net/profile/bbracey
My communities
http://www.digitaldivide.net/community/summitforchildren
http://www.digitaldivide.net/community/gendergap
CyberEd Resources : ICT's and Education (owner)
Games and Education (owner)
Science without Frontiers STEM Initiatives K-12 (owner)
http://www.digitaldivide.net/blog/bbracey
Portal Work
http://edreform.net/
Technology Applications for learning in the portal
applications.edreform.net
Technology Applications for Learning
The Technology Applications for
Learning Network is a catalog of technology
applications for learning.
http://www.digitaldivide.net/community/STEM
Messages in this topic (1)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. [Net-Gold] No Child Left Behind up for Review
Posted by: "David P. Dillard" [EMAIL PROTECTED] jwneastro
Date: Fri Feb 2, 2007 3:56 am ((PST))
Date: Fri, 2 Feb 2007 06:52:44 -0500 (EST)
From: David P. Dillard <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Temple University Net-Gold Archive <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Temple Gold Discussion Group <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Net-Gold <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Educator Gold <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Educator Gold <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Net-Gold At MailSpaces <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Cc: EDTECH - Educational Technology <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: [Net-Gold] No Child Left Behind up for Review
Date: Fri, 2 Feb 2007 03:31:42 EST
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED],
[EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: [Net-Gold] No Child Left Behind up for Review
.
No Child Left Behind up for Review
Found at:
<http://www.pww.org/article/articleprint/10491/>
Author: Rosita Johnson
People's Weekly World Newspaper
02/01/07 13:56
News Analysis
The day after President Bush's State of the Union
address, the secretary of education, Margaret
Spellings, presented a proposal to reauthorize the
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), the administration's
troubled education law.
Speaking at a charter school, Spellings said she is
pleased but not yet satisfied with the NCLB's
accomplishments. She then laid out the changes the
administration would like to see in a reauthorized
version of the law, including allowing school
districts to ignore state-imposed caps on the number
of charter schools and allowing districts to transfer,
hire and fire teachers without regard to their
contracts.
Another change would enact a voucher plan involving
federal grants of up to $4,000 per student to help
students shift from failing schools to private
schools. The school district would also have to pass
along its financial allotment for that student to the
private school.
These proposals have been criticized by teachers unions,
members of Congress, state legislators, school officials
and the National Council of Churches.
Edward J. McElroy, president of the American Federation
of Teachers, called the proposals silly, adding, I have
a feeling they're setting up a straw man just to knock
it down.
Sen. Edward Kennedy (D-Mass.), chairman of the Senate
Education Committee, said he was disappointed that the
administration has proposed circumventing state law and
siphoning crucial resources from our public schools for
private schools.
Rep. George Miller (D-Calif.), chairman of the House
Education Committee, called the proposal a way to gut
collective bargaining agreements. He added, Private
school vouchers have been rejected in the past and are
still a bad idea.
Both lawmakers called for a substantial increase in
funding for NCLB, often referred to as an unfunded
mandate.
The National Education Association supports the stated
goals of the No Child Left Behind Act to improve student
achievement and to close the achievement and skills gap
that exists in this country between students of different
races, incomes and language abilities. But the NEA has
challenged the flaws in NCLB since its inception five
years ago.
<snip>
phillyrose623 @ verizon.net
------------------------
The complete article may be read at the URL above.
Bonnie Bracey Sutton
Outreach GLEF.org
http://www.digitaldivide.net/profile/bbracey
My communities
http://www.digitaldivide.net/community/summitforchildren
http://www.digitaldivide.net/community/gendergap
CyberEd Resources : ICT's and Education (owner)
Games and Education (owner)
Science without Frontiers STEM Initiatives K-12 (owner)
http://www.digitaldivide.net/blog/bbracey
Portal Work
http://edreform.net/
Technology Applications for learning in the portal
applications.edreform.net
Technology Applications for Learning
The Technology Applications for
Learning Network is a catalog of technology
applications for learning.
http://www.digitaldivide.net/community/STEM
Messages in this topic (1)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. ENVIRONMENT: GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE: Experts Send Stronge
Posted by: "David P. Dillard" [EMAIL PROTECTED] jwneastro
Date: Fri Feb 2, 2007 4:05 am ((PST))
ENVIRONMENT: GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE:
Experts Send Strongest Message Yet On Warming Over 90% Certainty: Humans
Causing It
Experts Send Strongest Message Yet On Warming Over 90% Certainty: Humans
Causing It
By Seth Borenstein
Associated Press
Posted on Friday February 02, 2007
The Mercury News
<http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/local/16605346.htm>
PARIS - The world's leading climate scientists, in their most powerful
language ever used on the issue, said global warming is ``very likely''
human-made, according to a new report.
The report provides what may be cold comfort in slightly reduced
projections on rising temperatures and sea levels by 2100. It is tempered
by a flat pronouncement that global warming is essentially a runaway train
that cannot be stopped for centuries.
``The observed widespread warming of the atmosphere and ocean, together
with ice-mass loss, support the conclusion that it is extremely unlikely
that global climate change of the past 50 years can be explained without
external forcing, and very likely that is not due to known natural causes
alone,'' the 20-page report said.
Human-caused warming and rises in sea-level ``would continue for
centuries'' because the process has started, ``even if greenhouse gas
concentrations were to be stabilized,'' said the 20-page report from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
The report by a group of hundreds of scientists and representatives of 113
governments contains the most authoritative science on the issue. It was
due for official release this morning in Paris.
The phrase ``very likely'' translates to a more than 90 percent certainty
that global warming is caused by humans.
What that means in layman's language is ``we have this nailed,'' said top
U.S. climate scientist Jerry Mahlman, who originated the percentage
system.
Level of certainty
It marked an escalation from the panel's last report in 2001, which said
warming was ``likely'' caused by human activity. There had been
speculation that the participants might try to raise the ante to
``virtually certain'' humans cause global warming, which translates to 99
percent probability.
On sea levels, the report projects rises of 7 to 23 inches by the end of
the century. That could be augmented by an additional 4 to 8 inches if
recent surprising polar ice sheet melt continues.
The 2001 report projected a sea level rise of up to 35 inches.
----------------------------------------
The complete article may be read at the URL above.
Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Net-Gold
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<http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/net-gold.html>
General Internet & Print Resources
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5. ENVIRONMENT: GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE: The Pew Center On
Posted by: "David P. Dillard" [EMAIL PROTECTED] jwneastro
Date: Fri Feb 2, 2007 4:20 am ((PST))
ENVIRONMENT: GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE:
The Pew Center On Global Climate Change
The Pew Center On Global Climate Change
<http://www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-in-depth/all_reports/>
Web Page Table of Contents
The Pew Center On Global Climate Change is committed to the development of
a wide range of reports, briefs, and policy analyses that add new facts
and perspectives to the climate change debate.
All Solutions Reports
<http://www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-in-depth/
solutions/reports/index.cfm>
A shorter URL for the above link:
<http://tinyurl.com/2jj94r>
All Economics Reports
<http://www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-in-depth/
economics/reports/index.cfm>
A shorter URL for the above link:
<http://tinyurl.com/355xkf>
All Environmental Impact Reports
<http://www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-in-depth/
environmental_impacts/reports/index.cfm>
A shorter URL for the above link:
<http://tinyurl.com/2lmzwh>
All Policy Reports
<http://www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-in-depth/
policy/reports/index.cfm>
A shorter URL for the above link:
<http://tinyurl.com/35yc8j>
All Reports in Reverse Chronological Order:
2006
November 15, 2006
Adaptation to Climate Change: International Policy Options
October 18, 2006
Getting Ahead of the Curve: Corporate Strategies That Address Climate
Change
September 21, 2006
Agricultural & Forestlands: U.S. Carbon Policy Strategies
September 21, 2006
Agriculture's Role in Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
June 14, 2006
Race to the Top: The Expanding Role of U.S. State Renewable Portfolio
Standards
February 8, 2006
Agenda for Climate Action
2005
November 15, 2005
International Climate Efforts Beyond 2012 Report of the Climate Dialogue
at Pocantico
June 16, 2005
The U.S. Electric Power Sector and Climate Change Mitigation
June 16, 2005
Towards a Climate-Friendly Built Environment
January 19, 2005
The Cost of U.S. Forest-based Carbon Sequestration
2004
December 14, 2004
Comparison of Passenger Vehicle Fuel Economy and GHG Emission Standards
Around the World
December 13, 2004
International Climate Efforts Beyond 2012: A Survey of Approaches
December 13, 2004
Climate Data: Insights and Observations
November 9, 2004
Observed Impacts of Climate Change in the U.S.
October 13, 2004
Induced Technological Change and Climate Policy
June 15, 2004
Coping With Climate Change: The Role of Adaptation in the United States
April 28, 2004
A Synthesis of Potential Climate Change Impacts on the U.S.
April 28, 2004
U.S. Market Consequences of Global Climate Change
March 31, 2004
Climate Change Activities in the United States: 2004 Update
March 17, 2004
A Climate Policy Framework: Balancing Policy and Politics
February 13, 2004
Coral Reefs & Global Climate Change: Potential Contributions of Climate
Change to Stresses on Coral Reef Ecosystems
2003
November 2003
Beyond Kyoto: Advancing the International Effort Against Climate Change
November 19, 2003
U.S. Technology and Innovation Policies: Lessons for Climate Change
July 10, 2003
U.S. Energy Scenarios for the 21st Century
May 29, 2003
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Transportation
May 15, 2003
Designing a Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reduction Program for the U.S.
May 15, 2003
Emissions Trading in the U.S.: Experience, Lessons, and Considerations for
Greenhouse Gases
March, 2003
Forests & Global Climate Change: Potential Impacts on U.S. Forest
Resources
February 11, 2003
Multi-Gas Contributors to Global Climate Change: Climate Impacts and
Mitigation Costs of Non-CO2 Gases
2002
November 18, 2002
Capital Cycles and the Timing of Climate Change Policy
November 14, 2002
Greenhouse & Statehouse: The Evolving State Government Role in Climate
Change
October 24, 2002
Climate Change Mitigation in Developing Countries: Brazil, China, India,
Mexico, South Africa, and Turkey
August 30, 2002
Transportation in Developing Countries: Greenhouse Gas Scenarios for Chile
August 14, 2002
Coastal and Marine Ecosystems and Global Climate Change
July 24, 2002
Designing a Climate-Friendly Energy Policy: Options for the Near Term
May 14, 2002
Transportation in Developing Countries: An Overview of Greenhouse Gas
Reduction Strategies
May 14, 2002
Transportation in Developing Countries: Greenhouse Gas Scenarios for South
Africa
March 19, 2002
The Emerging International Greenhouse Gas Market
January 29, 2002
Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Climate Change: Potential Impacts on Inland
Freshwater and Coastal Wetland Ecosystems in the Uniited States
2001
December 20, 2001
Discounting the Benefits of Future Climate Change Mitigation
December 5, 2001
Community Adjustment to Climate Change Policy
December 5, 2001
Worker Transition & Global Climate Change
November 2, 2001
Corporate Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets
October 25, 2001
An Overview of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Verification Issues
July 20, 2001
Transportation in Developing Countries: Greenhouse Gas Scenarios for
Delhi, India
July 20, 2001
Transportation in Developing Countries: Greenhouse Gas Scenarios for
Shanghai, China
2000
December 13, 2000
Ecosystems & Global Climate Change: A Review of Potential Impacts on U.S
Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity
December 13, 2000
Human Health & Global Climate Change: A Review of Potential Impacts in the
United States
November 15, 2000
Promoting Meaningful Compliance with Climate Change Commitments
October 31, 2000
Appliances and Global Climate Change: Increasing Consumer Participation in
Reducing Greenhouse Gases
October 13, 2000
New Directions in the Economics and Integrated Assessment of Global
Climate Change
September 11, 2000
The Kyoto Mechanisms and Global Climate Change: Coordination Issues and
Domestic Policies
September 7, 2000
Technology and the Economics of Climate Change Policy
September 7, 2000
The Role of Substitution in Understanding the Costs of Climate Change
Policy
August 1, 2000
An Overview of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Issues
July 17, 2000
An Introduction to the Economics of Climate Change Policy
June 27, 2000
Land Use & Global Climate Change - Forests, Land Management, and the Kyoto
Protocol
June 21, 2000
The European Union & Global Climate Change - A Review of Five National
Programmes
May 23, 2000
Developing Countries & Global Climate Change - Electric Power Options in
Argentina
May 23, 2000
Developing Countries & Global Climate Change - Electric Power Options in
Brazil
May 23, 2000
Developing Countries & Global Climate Change - Electric Power Options in
China
February 29, 2000
Sea-Level Rise & Global Climate Change
1999
December 14, 1999
International Emissions Trading & Global Climate Change: Impacts on the
Cost of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
November 23, 1999
Developing Countries & Global Climate Change: Electric Power Options in
India
October 26, 1999
Developing Countries & Global Climate Change: Electric Power Options in
Korea
September 27, 1999
Water and Global Climate Change: Potential Impacts on U.S. Water Resources
June 29, 1999
The Science of Climate Change: Global and U.S. Perspectives
June 16, 1999
Developing Countries & Global Climate Change: Electric Power Options for
Growth
February 10, 1999
Agriculture & Global Climate Change: A Review of Impacts to U.S.
Argricultural Sources
1998
October 29, 1998
Equity & Global Climate Change: The Complex Elements of Global Fairness
October 1, 1998
Early Action & Global Climate Change: An Analysis of Early Action
Crediting Proposals
October 1, 1998
Market Mechanisms & Global Climate Change: An Analysis of Policy
Instruments
Glossary of Terms
Biodiversity
Climate
Climate Change
Discounting
Ecosystem
Emissions
Emissions Trading
Kyoto Mechanisms
Kyoto Protocol
Sequestration
Source
Substitution
Technological Change
See full glossary
<http://www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-basics/full_glossary/>
Glossary Content Sample
<http://www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-basics/
full_glossary/terms_a.cfm>
A shorter URL for the above link:
<http://tinyurl.com/335c4l>
Abrupt Climate Change: A change in climate over a widespread area that
takes place so rapidly and unexpectedly that human and natural systems
have difficulty adapting. An abrupt climate change occurs on the scale of
decades, rather than centuries, and persists for years.
Aerosols: Solid or liquid particles suspended within the atmosphere (see
"sulfate aerosols" and "black carbon aerosols").
Afforestation: Planting of new forests on lands that have not been
recently forested.
Albedo: Refers to the ratio of light from the sun that is reflected by
the Earth's surface to the light received by it. Unreflected light is
converted to infrared radiation (i.e., heat), which causes atmospheric
warming (see "radiative forcing"). Thus, surfaces with a high albedo
(e.g., snow and ice) generally contribute to cooling, whereas surfaces
with a low albedo (e.g., forests) generally contribute to warming.
Changes in land use that significantly alter the characteristics of land
surfaces can therefore influence the climate through changes in albedo.
Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS): A coalition of some 43 low-lying
and small island countries, most of which are members of the G77, that are
particularly vulnerable to the potential adverse consequences of climate
change such as sea-level rise, coral bleaching, and increased frequency
and intensity of tropical storms.
Allocation: Under an emissions trading scheme, permits to emit can
initially either be given away for free, usually under a grandfathering
approach based on past emissions in a base year or an updating approach
based on the more recent emissions. The alternative is to auction permits
in an initial market offering.
Ancillary Benefits: Complementary benefits of a climate policy including
improvements in local air quality and reduced reliance of imported fossil
fuels.
Assigned Amount: In the Kyoto Protocol, the permitted emissions, in CO2
equivalents, during a commitment period. It is calculated using the
Quantified Emission Limitation and Reduction Commitment (QELRC), together
with rules specifying how and what emissions are to be counted.
Anthropogenic Emissions: Emissions of greenhouse gasses resulting from
human activities.
Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Net-Gold
<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/net-gold>
<http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/net-gold.html>
General Internet & Print Resources
<http://library.temple.edu/articles/subject_guides/general.jsp>
<http://www.learningis4everyone.org/>
<http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/ringleaders/davidd.html>
Digital Divide Network
<http://www.digitaldivide.net/profile/jwne>
Educator-Gold
<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Educator-Gold/>
Messages in this topic (1)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6. Just for Fun: Wood spiders on drugs and the kinds of webs they weave
Posted by: "George Lessard" [EMAIL PROTECTED] themediamentor
Date: Fri Feb 2, 2007 5:30 am ((PST))
A nature film spoof of wood spiders on drugs and the kinds of webs they
weave when on the different types of drugs.
Spiders On Drugs
Wood Spiders are the most accomplished of all web-building species. That
is until you give them drugs and alcohol. Then you'll see the crack spider
make the marijuana spider his bitch in this hilarious nature film spoof.
Link here: http://www.evtv1.com:80/player.aspx?itemnum=6273
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7. MEXICO: Two community radio journalists beaten, one arrested
Posted by: "George Lessard" [EMAIL PROTECTED] themediamentor
Date: Fri Feb 2, 2007 5:51 am ((PST))
Two community radio journalists beaten, one arrested, during violent
confrontation between PRI militants and community group in Oaxaca
Español: Dos periodistas de radio comunitario golpeados, uno detenido, en
violencia entre el PRI y grupo comunitario en Oaxaca
Country/Topic: Mexico
Date: 29 January 2007
Source: World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters (AMARC)
Person(s): Emilio Santiago, Darío Campos
Target(s): journalist(s) , radio station(s)
Type(s) of violation(s): assaulted , detained
Urgency: Threat
(AMARC/IFEX) - Between the night of 24 January and the morning of 25
January 2007, a confrontation erupted between militants of the
Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Institucional Revolucionario,
PRI) and members of the grassroots community council of San Antonino de
Velasco, in the state Oaxaca. During the incident, Emilio Santiago and
Darío Campos, both of whom are journalists from Radio Calenda community
radio station, were brutally beaten and one of them was arrested, despite
having both clearly identified themselves as journalists performing their
duties. Another dozen people from the community were also arrested.
Full text at:
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/80743/
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8. WOMEN: HEALTH : MEDICAL: DISEASES: HEART: Heart Disease Deaths in
Posted by: "David P. Dillard" [EMAIL PROTECTED] jwneastro
Date: Fri Feb 2, 2007 7:04 am ((PST))
WOMEN: HEALTH : MEDICAL: DISEASES: HEART:
Heart Disease Deaths in American Women Decline
Date: Fri, 2 Feb 2007 08:42:11 -0500
From: "NIH OLIB (NIH/OD)" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Heart Disease Deaths in American Women Decline
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
NIH News
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
<http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/index.htm>
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Thursday, February 1, 2007
CONTACT: NHLBI Communications Office, 301-496-4236,
<e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]>
HEART DISEASE DEATHS IN AMERICAN WOMEN DECLINE
17,000 fewer women died of heart disease; awareness continues to climb.
New York -- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the
National Institutes of Health announced today that the number of heart
disease deaths in American women is decreasing. Newly analyzed data shows
that the number of women who die from heart disease has shifted from 1 in
3 women to 1 in 4 -- a decrease of nearly 17,000 deaths from 2003 to 2004.
"The good news announced today shows that "The Heart Truth" awareness
campaign is helping," said Mrs. Laura Bush. "When I first heard that heart
disease is the number one killer of women, I was surprised. I joined 'The
Heart Truth' -- and its national Red Dress project - to raise women's
awareness and fight back against heart disease. By learning about heart
disease, and taking action to reduce risk factors, women can save their
own lives."
"Today, on National Wear Red Day, we have much to celebrate with the
release of this data. It is very good news indeed," said Elizabeth G.
Nabel, M.D., director of NHLBI. "To see such a significant reduction in
deaths underscores that the efforts of many individuals and organizations
to raise awareness, improve treatment and access, and inspire women to
take action are truly saving lives."
NHLBI experts analyzed preliminary data for 2004, the most recent year for
which data are available. This analysis showed that the last few years in
particular have seen a steady decline in the number of heart disease
deaths in women -- deaths have gone down in each of the five years from
2000 to 2004, a consecutive yearly decline which has not occurred before.
Furthermore, in 2004, life expectancy at birth reached an all-time high
for women: 80.4 years. "The steady decline in heart disease mortality
has certainly contributed to this trend," said Dr. Nabel.
Additionally, significant progress has been made in increasing awareness
among women that heart disease is their leading killer -- up from 34
percent in 2000 to 55 percent in 2005. "We are confident that recent
advancements in the women and heart disease movement have helped to propel
this change," said Dr. Nabel. "More women are aware that heart disease is
their leading killer, and research shows that this heightened awareness is
leading them to take action to reduce their risk. They are more likely to
step up their physical activity, eat healthier, and lose weight."
Despite this progress, challenges remain. Heart disease continues to be
the leading killer of women, yet many women still do not take heart
disease seriously or personally, and millions have one or more of the risk
factors which can dramatically increase their risk of developing the
condition. And, by just about any measure -- from awareness of risks, to
prevalence of risk factors, to numbers of deaths -- heart disease remains
more serious among women of color. "Our goal continues to be achieving
even greater awareness and contributing to the trend of steady decline in
deaths," said Dr. Nabel.
In New York today, NHLBI, through The Heart Truth campaign, continues its
awareness efforts by returning to New York Fashion Week for the fifth year
with its signature platform -- the Red Dress Collection Fashion Show.
NHLBI's introduction of "The Heart Truth's" Red Dress as the national
symbol for women and heart disease awareness in 2002 sparked a national
movement that has united partners to promote the common goal of a greater
awareness of heart disease and better heart health for all women. The Red
Dress is fast becoming one of the most recognizable health symbols in the
United States.
In a 2007 survey commissioned by Johnson & Johnson on behalf of "The Heart
Truth", 57 percent of U.S. women recognized the Red Dress as the national
symbol for women and heart disease, up from 39 percent awareness in 2006
and 25 percent in 2005.
Walking in this year's Fashion Show -- presented by Johnson & Johnson and
affiliated companies, with national sponsors Celestial Seasonings and
Swarovski, and media partner Lifetime -- are "Celebrated Women" including:
Angela Bassett, Betsey Johnson, Billie Jean King, Camilla Belle, Danica
Patrick, Katharine McPhee, Kelly Ripa, Kim Cattrall, Kimberly Guilfoyle,
Kristin Chenoweth, Lauren Hutton, Mae Jamison, Natalie Morales, Paula
Zahn, Phylicia Rashad, Rachael Ray, and Sheila Johnson. The Red Dress
Collection 2007 Fashion Show will be presented at Mercedes-Benz Fashion
Week today at 11:00 a.m. featuring red dresses created exclusively for
"The Heart Truth" to remind women of their #1 health threat.
Participating designers in the 2007 Collection include: Alia Khan, Alidio
Michelli, Betsey Johnson, Bill Blass, Bob Mackie, Calvin Klein, Carmen
Marc Valvo, Carolina Herrera, Daniel Swarovski, Diane von Furstenberg,
Donna Karan, Douglas Hannant, Ellen Tracy, Gustavo Cadile, Jovovich-Hawk,
Kenneth Cole, Lyn Devon, Max Azria Atelier, Michael Kors, Narciso
Rodriguez, Nicole Miller, Oscar de la Renta, Rebecca Taylor, Tracy Reese,
and Zac Posen.
"The Heart Truth" aims to spread the word that heart disease is largely
preventable. In fact, just by leading a healthy lifestyle -- such as
following a heart healthy eating plan, getting regular physical activity,
maintaining a healthy weight, and not smoking -- Americans can lower their
risk of heart disease by as much as 82 percent.
Some risk factors, such as age (55 or older for women) and a family
history of early heart disease, can't be changed. Women can, however,
control certain risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high blood
cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, being overweight or obese, and being
physically inactive. Eighty percent of midlife women (ages 40 to 60) have
one or more of these risk factors. Having even one risk factor doubles a
woman's chance of developing heart disease, and having three or more risk
factors increases the risk tenfold.
ABOUT "THE HEART TRUTH AND THE JOHNSON & JOHNSON SURVEY"
The Harris Interactive survey commissioned by Johnson & Johnson and
affiliated companies on behalf of "The Heart Truth", was conducted by
telephone within the United States between January 18 and January 21, 2007
among 1,015 adults (aged 18 and over). Figures for age, sex, geographic
region, and race were weighted where necessary to bring them into line
with their actual proportions in the population. With a pure probability
sample of 1,015 one could say with a ninety-five percent probability that
the overall results would have a sampling error of +/- three percentage
points. Sampling error for the sub-samples of men (n= 505) and women (n=
510) would be higher and would vary. However that does not take other
sources of error into account.
"The Heart Truth" partners include: The Office on Women's Health,
Department of Health and Human Services; the American Heart Association;
WomenHeart: the National Coalition for Women with Heart Disease, and other
organizations committed to the health and well-being of women. To learn
more, visit
<http://www.hearttruth.gov>
For additional information, visit
<http://media.hearttruth.ogilvypr.com/>
For downloadable images and photography, please visit
<http://www.hearttruth.gov>
or
<http://hearttruth.ogilvypr.com>
or
email your inquiry to <email:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
SATELLITE INFORMATION
For feed information or hard copy requests, please contact Rebecca
Reissman at News Broadcast Network at
(800) 920-6397 x211
FRIDAY, FEB. 2, 2007
7:30-7:45 PM (ET)
C-Band: Galaxy 25 (formerly IA5)
Transponder 13
Downlink Frequency 3960
Standard Audio: 6.2 & 6.8
SATURDAY, FEB. 3, 2007 3:30-4:00 PM (ET)
C-Band: Galaxy 25 (formerly IA5)
Transponder 13
Downlink Frequency 3960
Standard Audio: 6.2 & 6.8
MONDAY, FEB. 5, 2007 1:30-1:45 PM (ET)
C-Band: Galaxy 26 (formerly IA6)
Transponder 13
Downlink Frequency 3880
Standard Audio: 6.2 & 6.8
Please Note: Participants in "The Heart Truth's" Red Dress Collection
2007 Fashion Show were confirmed at time of release and are subject to
change.
Part of the National Institutes of Health, the National Heart, Lung, and
Blood Institute (NHLBI) plans, conducts, and supports research related to
the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of heart, blood vessel,
lung, and blood diseases; and sleep disorders. The Institute also
administers national health education campaigns on women and heart
disease, healthy weight for children, and other topics. NHLBI press
releases and other materials are available online at
<http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov>
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) -- The Nation's Medical Research
Agency -- includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is the primary federal
agency for conducting and supporting basic, clinical and translational
medical research, and it investigates the causes, treatments, and cures
for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its
programs, visit
<http://www.nih.gov>
###
This NIH News Release is available online at:
<http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/feb2007/nhlbi-01.htm>.
Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/net-gold>
<http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/ringleaders/davidd.html>
<http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/net-gold.html>
<http://www.LIFEofFlorida.org>
Digital Divide Network
<http://www.digitaldivide.net/profile/jwne>
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9. MEDICAL RESEARCH: Common Blood Pressure Drug Reduces Progressive
Posted by: "David P. Dillard" [EMAIL PROTECTED] jwneastro
Date: Fri Feb 2, 2007 9:07 am ((PST))
MEDICAL RESEARCH:
Common Blood Pressure Drug Reduces Progressive Muscle Degeneration in
Mice
Date: Fri, 2 Feb 2007 09:53:03 -0500
From: "NIH OLIB (NIH/OD)" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Common Blood Pressure Drug Reduces Progressive Muscle
Degeneration in Mice
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
NIH News
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
<http://www.niams.nih.gov/>
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
<http://www.ninds.nih.gov/>
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Friday, February 2, 2007
CONTACT: Ray Fleming (NIAMS), 301-496-8190, <e-mail:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Margo Warren (NINDS), 301-496-5924, <e-mail:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
COMMON BLOOD PRESSURE DRUG REDUCES PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE DEGENERATION IN MICE
Scientists supported in part by the National Institutes of Health's
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
(NIAMS) and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
(NINDS) have found that that the commonly prescribed blood pressure
medication losartan improves muscle regeneration and repair in a mouse
model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a devastating disease
characterized by rapid progression of muscle degeneration in boys and
young men. The research is based on similarities in the mechanism of DMD
and another rare disease - Marfan syndrome - and the discovery that
losartan is effective in blocking the key mechanism in animal models of
both diseases. Further studies of the drug, scientists emphasize, are
needed to assess its value in patients.
Marfan syndrome is a heritable connective tissue disorder affecting many
organ systems, resulting in dislocation of the lens of the eye;
progressive dilation of the aorta, which puts the aorta at risk of
rupture; and small, weak muscles, says Harry C. Dietz, M.D., an author of
the study in the February 2007 edition of "Nature Medicine." Until recent
years, scientists believed that Marfan syndrome was caused by weakness of
tissues, says Dr. Dietz, the Victor A. McKusick professor of genetics in
the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at the Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine and director of the William S. Smilow Center
for Marfan Syndrome Research. But research by Dr. Dietz and his
colleagues, and funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
NIAMS and others, has shown that the disease is the result of excessive
activity of a growth factor called TGF-beta in the muscles. "We found that
muscles were abnormal; they had very small fibers and excess fibrosis --
excessive connective tissue, or scarring -- between the fibers. What we
learned was that high TGF-beta levels were preventing a process called
muscle regeneration."
Normally, when a person damages their muscle or when they exercise and
send a signal to the muscle to get bigger, the muscle is able to mobilize
a population of muscle stem cells that proliferate and then fuse to each
other and to damaged muscle fibers to rapidly accomplish muscle repair or
muscle growth. In the presence of too much TGF-beta, however, the cells
simply do not get the signal to accomplish this regenerative process, says
Dr. Dietz. "We learned that simply blocking TGF-beta in a mouse model of
Marfan syndrome could rescue muscle regeneration, normal architecture and
muscle function."
Previous studies have demonstrated that the muscles of dystrophic mice
lose their ability to repair and regenerate efficiently, and as in the
human, the muscle tissue is progressively replaced by scar tissue. Knowing
that the same phenomenon occurred in Marfan syndrome, Ronald D. Cohn,
M.D., assistant professor of pediatrics and neurology at Johns Hopkins'
McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, and Dr. Dietz and their
colleagues tried to see if they could extrapolate findings from the Marfan
syndrome mouse model to a mouse model of DMD. Their research paid off.
They were able to find evidence that excessive TGF-beta had a role in
limiting muscle regeneration in response to damage in DMD as well. When
the researchers gave the mice losartan to inhibit TGF-beta, they showed
that the muscle was able to regenerate and repair much more efficiently.
What's more, when they treated the mice with the drug over a period of
time, the entire disease was attenuated, says Dr. Cohn!
"Here we had two completely different myopathies -- muscle diseases --
that seemed to show a common pathway, which inhibits the repair process of
skeletal muscle."
Losartan, a frequently prescribed and well-tolerated drug in humans, works
to reduce high blood pressure by blocking a molecule called angiotensin
II, which has been found not only to regulate blood pressure but also to
work against TGF-beta by a number of mechanisms. Now that the drug has
proven useful in mouse models of the two diseases, the next step is to
test them in people with the diseases. A clinical trial of losartan for
Marfan syndrome is scheduled to begin later this month. Researchers are in
the process of organizing a clinical trial for DMD; patient recruitment is
not yet underway. If the drug proves useful in humans, as it has in mouse
models, it will represent a huge advance in the treatment of both
diseases.
Current treatment for DMD is steroids. For many people with DMD, steroids
seem to bring improvement in muscle function, but that improvement is
offset by the drugs' side effects, and the effects are short-lived in some
patients. In long-term treatment of mice with losartan, however, the
researchers have seen a sustained significant improvement in muscle
function. In fact, at about a year of age -- which would be equivalent to
middle age in a person -- the mice with DMD actually had muscle function
that was indistinguishable from a normal mouse, says Dr. Dietz. "So I
think that it has the strong potential to not only have a more enduring
effect, but also to have a more profound effect on maintenance of muscle
function" he says. Losartan's safety profile is also more favorable than
that of steroids. In 20 years of use in all human age groups, it has shown
a "remarkable tolerance profile," he says. The most common side effect of
the drug -- low blood pressure -- can usually be managed by simply
lowering the dose of the drug, says Dr. Cohn.
While much prior work in Marfan syndrome and DMD has been focused on
trying to replace the product of genes (for Marfan syndrome a deficient
protein called fibrillin-1; for DMD, a protein called dystrophin), Dr.
Dietz says this new research is reflective of an emerging shift in
attitude: to treat the disease as well as possible with what is available
now. "Right now, we don't have the technology to replace the deficient
gene product to cure the disease, but we might have the technology to
prevent other secondary events that contribute to the disease process," he
says. "In essence, we are focusing on the low-hanging fruit that we can
currently address and that will have the strong potential to improve the
length and quality of life while we are tackling some of the obstacles for
a cure at the current time."
NIAMS Director Stephen I. Katz, M.D., Ph.D., is cautiously optimistic
about the findings. "This treatment in mice is derived from knowledge of
the diseases' mechanisms," he says. "It has been shown to be highly
effective in mouse models. But we need to do clinical studies first. If
they are successful, this therapy has the potential to help many people
with devastating diseases for which there has really been no good
treatment."
Pat Furlong, president and CEO of Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, adds
a similar perspective. "The success of losartan in the mouse model of
Duchenne muscular dystrophy has been received with great enthusiasm.
Researchers and physicians who care for children with DMD recognize the
excitement as well as the sense of urgency within the DMD community. Many
parents are urging their primary care physicians to agree to add losartan
to their son's current regimen. While this approach is understandable,
there is concern that extensive off-label use will compromise clinical
trials. Unfortunately, the only way to understand if losartan will be
effective in DMD boys is clinical trials. Without evidence, we will not
understand the interaction of losartan with other compounds, and the use
of the drug will be limited to those families who are able to secure and
afford the drug. It is generally believed that treatments for DMD will
involve combination therapies, and to that extent promising strategies
must be methodically evaluated so that all children might
receive benefit."
Additional support was provided for this research by the National Heart
Lung and Blood Institute, National Marfan Foundation, Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, Smilow Center for Marfan Syndrome Research and the Dana
and Albert "Cubby" Broccoli Center for Aortic Diseases.
The mission of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and
Skin Diseases (NIAMS), a part of the Department of Health and Human
Services' National Institutes of Health, is to support research into the
causes, treatment and prevention of arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin
diseases; the training of basic and clinical scientists to carry out this
research; and the dissemination of information on research progress in
these diseases. For more information about NIAMS, call the information
clearinghouse at
(301) 495-4484
or
(877) 22-NIAMS (free call)
or visit the NIAMS Web site at
<http://www.niams.nih.gov>
The mission of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
(NINDS) is to reduce the burden of neurological disease -- a burden borne
by every age group, by every segment of society, by people all over the
world.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) -- The Nation's Medical Research
Agency -- includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is the primary federal
agency for conducting and supporting basic, clinical and translational
medical research, and it investigates the causes, treatments, and cures
for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its
programs, visit
<http://www.nih.gov>
###
-----------------------------------
Cohn R, et al. Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor blockade attenuates
TGF-?-induced failure of muscle regeneration in multiple myopathic states.
"Nature Medicine" 2007; doi:10.1038/nm1536.
-------------------------------------
This NIH News Release is available online at:
<http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/feb2007/niams-02.htm>.
Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Net-Gold
<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/net-gold>
<http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/net-gold.html>
General Internet & Print Resources
<http://library.temple.edu/articles/subject_guides/general.jsp>
<http://www.learningis4everyone.org/>
<http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/ringleaders/davidd.html>
Digital Divide Network
<http://www.digitaldivide.net/profile/jwne>
Educator-Gold
<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Educator-Gold/>
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