A while ago, I tried to make a word list by compiling several other lists (Wikipedia, Google frequency analysis, COCA, 12dicts). I limited it to 6 letters and under. I never really made a finished product, but I made a few alternatives with different trade-offs. We’d need to remove potentially offensive words, rare words which slipped through, slang, jargon, and celebrity names. Here are some samples from a 3470-word list (attached). 11.76 bit / word, 11 words.
per - trip - system - inside - remark - wife - drum - fringe - pulp - japan - atomic seal - boiler - scream - fault - earl - studio - weird - former - effect - number - skull eddy - sperm - jam - jobs - flank - coffin - say - salad - time - canton - sonic craft - plaza - dog - crisis - pepper - autumn - crew - wreck - paper - scarce - metro bolt - earn - cinema - pep - cash - breed - than - fury - pupil - bad - tribal feast - vase - begin - mortal - hamlet - java - hogan - sonic - escort - reform - veto fruit - fund - off - alone - draw - glue - crime - barley - guy - pact - expand golf - wage - alloy - sore - serial - gig - amount - exact - comet - plea - garb insert - arrest - fee - tap - rand - dame - wrong - fork - dance - shear - noon cam - acute - must - seldom - strong - weigh - bunker - port - brill - sang - aside I think with a little more work this could be a good list at least for printed fingerprints. It has many more words than basic English or Mnemonicode, but the words are shorter and simpler than Mnemonicode. However, you can see that maybe 5% of the words are questionable, in particular, “hogan”, “sperm”, “canton”, “brill” and “rand”. This list makes no attempt to be acoustically distinct. That’s a major advantage of the PGP wordlist. Also, for an audio-focused word list, we might want to clamp on syllables instead of on letters. Cheers, — Mike
a able aboard about above abroad abs absent absorb abuse accent accept access accord ace ache acid acorn acre across act action active actor acts actual acute ad adapt add adds adjust admit adobe adopt adult advent advice aerial afar affair affect afford afghan afraid after again age agency agenda agent ago agree ah ahead aid aide aids aim air airy akin alarm albeit album ale alert alien alike alive all alley allow alloy ally almost alone along alpha alpine also altar alter alto always am amber ambush amen amid among amount an anal analog anchor and anemia anew angel anger angle angry animal annual answer ant anthem anti any anyone anyway apart ape apex appeal appear apple apply apt arbor arc arcade arch archer arctic are area arena argue arid arise ark arm armor army around array arrest arrive arrow art artery artist arts as ascent ash ashore aside ask asks aspect ass assert assess asset assist assume asthma asylum at ate atom atomic atop attach attack attain attend attic audio audit august aunt aura aurora author autism auto autumn avenue avian avid avoid aw award aware away awe ax axis aye babe baby back backup bacon bad badge bag bah bail bailey bait bake baker bald ball ballad ballet ballot balls balm bamboo ban banana band bang bank banker banner bar barber bard bare bark barker barley barn barney barrel base bash basic basil basin basis basket basque bass bat batch bath batman baton batter battle bay be beach beacon bead beak beam bean bear beard beast beat beauty beaver beck become bed bee beef been beer beetle before beg begin behalf behave behind being belief bell belle belly belong below belt bench bend bent berg berry beside best bet beta better beyond bias bible bid big bike bill billy bin binary bind birch bird birth bishop bison bit bite bits bitter black blade blame blank blast blend blind bliss blitz bloc block blood bloody bloom blow blue bluff blunt blur board boat bob bobby body bog boil boiler bold bolt bomb bomber bond bone bonus bony book boom boon boost boot booth border bore born boss both bottle bottom bound bounty bout bow bowl bowman box boxer boy bra brace brad brain brake bran branch brand brass brave breach bread break breast breath bred breed brew brick bride bridge brief bright brill brim bring broad broken bronze brow brown brush brutal bubble buck bucket bud buddy budget buffer bug build bulb bulk bull bullet bum bun bunch bundle bunk bunker bunny burden bureau burger burial burn burst bury bus bush bust busy but butch butler butt butter button buy buyer by bye bypass cab cabin cable cache cadet cafe cage cake calf call calm cam came camel camera camp campus can canal cancel cancer candle candy cane cannon canoe canon canopy cant canton cantor canvas canyon cap cape car carbon card care career cargo carol carpet carry cart carter case cash casino cast caste castle casual cat catch cattle caucus causal cause cave cavity cease cedar cell cello cement census cent center cereal chain chair chalk champ chance change chant chaos chapel charge charm chart chase chat cheap check cheek cheese chef cherry chess chest chew chi chic chick chief child chili chin china chip choice choir choose choral chord chorus chuck church cinema circa circle circus cite citrus city civic civil claim clan clash class clause claw clay clean clear clergy clerk clever click client cliff climax climb clinic clip clock clone close cloth cloud clown club clue clutch coach coal coast coat coca cock cocoa cod code coffee coffin coil coin coke cola cold collar colon colony color colt column coma comb combat come comedy comet comic coming commit common comp comply con cone convey convoy cook cookie cool cooler cooper cop cope copper copy coral cord core cork corn corner corps corpse corpus cortex cos cosmic cosmos cost cot cotton could count county coup coupe couple course court cousin cove cover covert cow cowboy cox coyote crab crack cradle craft crane crash crater crazy cream create credit creed creek creole crest crew crib crime crisis critic crop cross crow crowd crown crude cruel cruise crush crust cry cub cube cubic cue cuff cult cup curb cure curl curry curse curve custom cut cutler cuts cutter cycle dab dad daddy dagger daily dairy daisy dale dam damage dame dance dancer danger danish dare dark darn dart dash data date dawn day days dead deaf deal dealer dean dear death debate debris debt debut decade decay decide deck decree deed deep deer defeat defect defend define defy degree deity delay dell delta demand demise demo demon den denial dense dent dental deny depart depend depict deploy depot depth deputy derby derive desert design desire desk detail detect device devil dew dial diary dice dick did die died diesel diet differ dig dim dime din dinner dip dire direct dirk dirt dirty disc disco dish disk ditch dive diver divide divine do doc dock doctor dodge doe does dog doing dole doll dollar domain dome don done donkey donor doom door dose dot double doubt dove down dozen draft drag dragon drain drama draw dream dress drew drift drill drink drive driver drop drove drug drum drunk dry dual duck duct due duel duet dug duke dull dumb dump dune duo during dusk dust dutch duty dwarf dye each eager eagle ear earl early earn earth ease east easy eat echo ed eddy edge edgy edible edit editor effect effort egg ego eh eight eighth eighty either elbow elder elect eleven elite elk elm else em email emblem embryo emerge empire employ empty en enable end ending ends enemy energy engage engine enjoy enough ensure enter entire entity entry envoy enzyme epic epoch equal equity er era erotic error escape escort essay estate ethnic euro eve even event ever every evil evolve ex exact exam exceed excel except excess exempt exile exist exit exodus exotic expand expect expert export expose extant extend extent extra eye eyed fabric facade face facial facing fact factor fad fade fail fair fairy faith fake fall false fame family famine famous fan fancy fanny far fare farm farmer fast fat fatal fate father fatty fault fauna favor fay fear feast feat fed fee feed feel feet fell fellow felt female fence fend fern ferry fest feud fever few fiat fiber field fierce fifth fifty fig fight figure file filing fill film filter fin final finale finch find finder fine finger finish finite fir fire firing firm first fiscal fish fisher fist fit fits five fix fixing flag flame flank flap flash flat flavor flaw flea fled flee fleet flesh flew flight flint flip float flock flood floor floppy flora flour flow flower fluid flute flux fly foam focal focus foe fog foil fold folk follow fond font food fool foot for force ford fore forest forge forget fork form formal format former fort forth forty forum fossil foster foul found four fourth fox frame frank fraud fray freak free freeze fresh friend fringe fritz frog from front frost fruit fry fuel full fuller fun fund fungus funk funny fur fury fuse fusion fuss future gag gain gait gal gala galaxy gale gall game gamma gang gap garage garb garden garlic gas gate gather gauge gave gay gear gee gel gem gender gene genius genome genre gentle genus germ get gets ghetto ghost giant gift gig gill gin ginger girl give given glad gland glass glee glen global globe glory glove glow glue go goal goat god goes going gold golden golf golfer gone gong good goose gore gorge gosh gospel gossip got govern gown grab grace grad grade graham grain gram grand grant grape graph grass grave gravel gray great green grew grey grid grief grim grin grip grit groove gross ground group grove grow growth guard guess guest guide guild guilt guilty guinea guise guitar gulf gum gun guru gust gut guy gym ha habit hack had hail hair hale half hall halo halt ham hamlet hammer hand handle handy hang hangar hank happen happy harbor hard hardy harm harp harry harsh hart has hash hat hatch hate hatred haul have haven hawk hay hazard hazel he head heal health heap hear heart heat heated heaven heavy heck hector hedge heel height heir held helium hell hello helm helmet help hem hen hence her herb herbal herd here hero heroic heroin hey hi hid hide hiding high higher hike hill him hind hint hip hire his hiss hit hitter ho hoax hobby hockey hog hogan hold holder hole hollow holly holy homage home homer hon honest honey honor hood hook hop hope horn horror horse hose host hot hotel hound hour house how hub hue hug huge huh hull hum human humble humid humor hunger hungry hunk hunt hunter hurt hut hybrid hymn i ice icon iconic icy id idea ideal idle idol if ignore ill image immune impact imply import impose in inch income indeed index indoor induce infant influx info inform injury ink inland inlet inn inner inning input insane insect insert inside insult intact intake intent into invade invest ion ire iris iron is island issue it item its itself ivory ivy jack jacket jade jail jam japan jar jargon jasper java jaw jay jazz jean jelly jenny jerk jersey jet jewel jig jihad jimmy job jobs jockey joey john johnny join joint joke jolt josh joy judge jug juice jump jungle junior junk jury just keen keep keeper ken kent key keys kick kid kidney kill killer kin kind king kirk kiss kit kite kitty knee knew knife knight knob knock knot know la lab label labor lace lack lad ladder lady lag lagoon laid lake lam lama lamb lame lamp lance land lane lap large laser last late latter laugh launch laurel lava law lawn laws lawyer lay layer layout lays lazy lea lead leader leaf league leak lean leap learn lease leave led ledger lee left leg legacy legal legend lemon lend length lens lent less lesson lest let lethal lets letter level lever levy liar lid lie lied lies lieu life lift light like likely lily limb lime limit line linear liner lineup lining link lion lip liquid liquor list listen lit little live lively liver living lizard lo load loaf loan lobby local locate lock locus lodge loft log logic logo lone lonely long look loop loose lord lore lose losing loss lost lot loud lounge love lovely lover low lower loyal luck lucky lulu lumber lunar lunch lung lure lush lust luxury lynch lyric ma mac mad madame madden made mafia magic magnet maid mail main maize major make maker makeup making male mall mama mammal man manage mania manila manner mantle manual many map maple mar marble march mare margin marina marine mark marker market marry mars marsh martin martyr marvel mask mason mass mast master mat match mate math matrix matter mature max may maybe mayo mayor maze me meadow meal mean meat mecca med medal media median medium meet meg melody melt member memo memoir memory men menace mental mentor menu mercer mercy mere merge merger merit merry mesa mesh mess met metal meteor meter method metric metro mi mice mick mickey micro mid middle midst midway might mighty mike mild mile milk milky mill miller mind mine miner mini minor mint minus minute mirror miss mist mitt mix mo mob mobile mock mode model modem modern modest modify module moist mold mole molly mom moment money monk monkey month mood moody moon moose moral morale more morrow mortal mortar mosaic mosque moss most mostly moth mother motif motion motive motor motto mound mount mouse mouth move movie mu much muck mud muddy mug mule mummy mural murder muscle museum music must mute mutual muzzle my myself myth nah nail naked name namely nap narrow nasal nation native nature naval nave navy ne near nearby neat nebula neck need needle nelson neon nephew nerve nest net neural never new newly news newt newton next nice niche nick nickel niece night nine ninety ninth no noble nobody nod node noel noise none noon nor norm normal north nose not note notice notion noun nova novel now nu nude null numb number nun nurse nut o oak oasis oath obey object obtain occupy occur ocean odd odds of off offer office offset often oh oil oily okay old ole olive on once one ones onion online only onset onto onward op open opera opium oppose option or oral orange orbit orchid order ore organ origin orphan other ought our out outer outlaw outlet output oval oven over owe owl own owner owns ox oxford oxide oxygen oyster ozone pa pace pack packet pact pad paddle pagan page pain paint pair pal palace pale palm pan panama panel panic papa papal paper par para parade pardon parent parish parity park parody parole parrot part party pass past paste pastor pat patch patent path patrol patron patty paw pay pea peace peach peak pearl peck pedal peel peer pen penal pencil penis penny people pep pepper per period permit person pest pet peter petty pew phase phoebe phone photo phrase pi piano piazza pick pickup picnic pie piece pier pierce pig pigeon pike pile pillar pilot pin pine pink pipe piracy pirate pistol pit pitch pizza place plague plain plan plane planet plant plaque plasma plate play player plaza plea please pledge plenty plot plug plum plus pocket pod poem poet poetic poetry point poison poker polar pole police policy polish polity poll pollen polo pond pony pool poor pop pope pork porn port portal porter pose post postal poster pot potato potter pound pour pow powder power praise pray prayer prefer press pretty prey price pride priest prime primer prince print prior prism prison privy prize pro probe prof profit prone proof prop proper prose proud prove proxy pry pub public pull pulp pulse pump punch punk pup pupil puppet pure purity purple pursue push put puzzle quad quake quarry queen queer query quest quick quiet quit quite quiz quote rabbi rabbit race racer racial racism racist rack radar radio radius raft rag rage raid rail rain rainy raise rally ram ramp ran ranch rand random randy range ranger rank ransom rap rape rapid rapper rare rash rat rate rather rating ratio raw ray rays razor re reach react read reader ready real realm rear reason rebel recall recent recipe record red reduce reed reef reel reeve refer reflex reform refuge refuse regain regard regime region reign reject relate relay relief rely remain remark remedy remote remove renal render rent rental rep repair repeal repeat replay reply report rescue reside resign resin resist resort rest result resume retail retain retire retro return reveal review revive revolt reward rhyme rhythm rib ribbon rice rich rick rid ride rider ridge rifle rift rig right rigid rim ring rink riot rip rise rising risk rite ritual rival river road roar rob robe robin robot robust rock rocket rocky rod rode rodeo roe roger rogue role roll roller roman romeo roof rook rookie room root rope rose roster rosy rot rotary rotate rotten rough round route rove rover row rows royal rub rubber ruby rude rue rug rugged ruin rule ruler ruling rum rumble run rung runner runoff runs runway rural rush rust rusty rye sack sacred sad saddle safari safe safety saga sage said sail sailor saint sake sal salad salary sale saline sally salmon salon saloon salsa salt salute same sample sand sandy sane sang sank sap sat satire sauce savage save saving saw sawyer say saying says scale scan scar scarce scene scenic schema scheme school scope score scorer scout scrap scream screen screw script scroll scuba sea seal seam search season seat sec second secret sect sector secure sedan see seed seek seem seen sees seize seldom select self sell seller senate send senior sense sensor sent sequel serial series sermon serum serve server sesame set sets settle setup seven severe sewage sewer sex sexual shade shadow shaft shake shall sham shame shape share shark sharp she shear shed sheen sheep sheer sheet sheila shelf shell shield shift shin shine ship shirt shock shoe shoot shop shore short shot should show shower shrimp shrine shut shy sic sick side siege sierra sigh sight sign signal silent silk sill silly silver simple sin since sing singer single sink sip sir sister sit sitcom site sits six sixth sixty size sketch ski skill skin skip skull sky slab slam slang slate slave sled sleep sleeve slew slide slight slim slip slogan slope slot slow slug slum sly small smart smell smile smith smog smoke smooth smug snake snap sniper snow snowy snug so soak soap soar soccer social sock socket soda sodium sofa soft soil sol solar sold sole solid solo solve some son song sonic sonny soon soot sore sorry sort soul sound soup sour source south soviet soy spa space spam span spare spark speak spear speech speed spell spend sperm sphere spice spider spike spin spinal spine spiral spirit spite split spoke sport spot spouse spray spread spring sprint spruce spur spy squad square squash squid stab stable stack staff stage stake stall stamp stance stand staple star stark start state static statue status stay steady steal steam steel steep stein stem step stereo stern stew stick stiff still sting stint stir stock stole stone stony stop store storm story stout strain strand straw streak stream street stress strict strike string strip stripe stroke strong stub studio study stuff stunt stupid style sub submit subset subtle suburb subway such sudden sue suffer sugar suit suite sulfur sultan sum summer summit sums sun sung sunk sunny sunset sup super supper supply sure surf surge survey swamp swan sway sweep sweet swift swim swing switch sword symbol syrup system ta tab table tablet tack tackle tactic tad tag tail take taking tale talent talk tall tan tandem tango tank tanker tanner tap tape tar target tariff task taste tattoo taut tavern tax taxi tea teach team tear tech ted teddy tee teen tell teller temple tempo ten tenant tend tender tennis tenor tense tent tenth tenure term terror terry test text than thank that the thee theft their them theme then theory there thesis they thick thief thin thing think third thirty this thou thread threat three throat throne throw thrust thud thug thumb thus thy tick ticket tidal tide tidy tie tied tier tiger tight tile till tilt timber time tin tiny tip tire tired tissue title to toad today toe toilet token told toll tom tomato tomb ton tone tongue tony too took tool tooth top topic torch torn torque total touch tough tour tow toward tower town toxic toy trace track tract trade trader tragic trail train trait tram trance trap trash trauma travel tray treat treaty tree trek trench trend triad trial tribal tribe trick trim trio trip triple tripod trivia troll troop trophy trout troy truce truck true trump trunk trust truth try trying tub tube tucker tug tumor tuna tune tunnel turf turkey turn turner turtle tutor tweed twelve twenty twice twin twist two type tyrant ugly uh ultra unable uncle under unfair union unique unit unite unity unless unlike unrest unseen until unto unused up update upon upper upset upward urban urge urine us usable usage use used user uses usual vacant vacuum vague vain valid valley value valve van vanity vapor vary vase vast vault veal vector veil vein velvet venom vent venue verb verbal verify verse versus very vessel vet veto via viable vice victim victor video vie view viewer viking villa vine vinyl viola violet violin viral virgin virtue virus visa vision visit vista visual vital vocal vogue voice void volume vote voter voyage wad wade wage wagon wait wake walk walker wall wally walnut wan wand want war ward warden ware warm warmer warn warp warren was wash waste watch water watt wave wavy wax way ways we weak wealth weapon wear weaver web wedge wee weed week weekly weigh weight weir weird well welsh went were west wet whale what wheat wheel when where which while whip white who whoa whole whom whose why wicked wide widow width wife wild will willow willy win wind window wine wing wink winner winter wire wisdom wise wish wit witch with within wizard wolf woman won wonder wont woo wood wooden woody wool word wore work worker world worm worn worry worst worth worthy would wound wow wrap wrath wreck wren wright wrist write writer wrong wry xi yacht yang yard yarn ye yeah year yearly yeast yell yellow yen yes yet yield yo yoga you young your youth zero zinc zip zone zoo
On Jun 4, 2014, at 12:34 PM, Trevor Perrin <[email protected]> wrote: > On Wed, Jun 4, 2014 at 6:00 AM, Tom Ritter <[email protected]> wrote: >> I ran across the PGP Word List, which was specifically engineered for >> communication over a voice channel. It seems this would be a better choice >> than using a random english list of words or the Diceware list. >> >> It would make the fingerprint significantly longer however. 20 words, >> instead of 8 to 10. > > Why not 128-bit fingerprints? > > >> Obviously there's a whole slew of tests that could be done comparing word >> lists and english word fingerprint lengths... But since we don't (I don't) >> have time to come up with 65,000 english words that fit the PGP Word List's >> criteria, I feel our options are an existing word list (shorter fingerprint) >> or the PGP World List (longer). > > Below are examples of 128 bits encoded as (PGP words, Basic English, > Mnemonicode, Diceware, and "random words" from a large dictionary). > Code at [1]. > > My sense is there's a sweet spot in the 10-12 bit dictionary range. > Smaller dictionaries produce awkwardly-long fingerprints (PGP), and > larger dictionaries get into weird words. > > So I'd go with Basic English or Mnemonicode. If you're comparing > against Michael Rogers' poems, I think that uses Basic English, so > perhaps it makes sense to use that to reduce the number of variables. > > > PGP (8 bits/word, 16 words) > > concert - sociable - shamrock - reproduce - repay - outfielder - > cranky - Norwegian - tactics - unravel - reward - decadence - orca - > antenna - sweatband - consensus > > transit - direction - dreadful - aggregate - eating - typewriter - > prefer - positive - showgirl - article - endow - molecule - drifter - > inception - scorecard - warranty > > spigot - processor - breadline - fortitude - acme - pyramid - crumpled > - fascinate - beeswax - underfoot - sweatband - unify - assume - > maritime - music - potato > > nightbird - amulet - klaxon - crossover - briefcase - article - > keyboard - determine - gazelle - penetrate - transit - Orlando - > regain - Chicago - shadow - underfoot > > stapler - Pacific - topmost - chambermaid - absurd - enterprise - > flatfoot - megaton - tunnel - belowground - payday - Jupiter - > spheroid - gadgetry - befriend - Eskimo > > > BASIC ENGLISH (9.7 bits/word, 13 words) > > regular - disease - see - complex - ink - but - top - shake - eye - > other - forward - strong - payment > > goat - flat - walk - country - cruel - white - manager - food - voice > - peace - farm - till - comb > > front - insect - need - play - authority - rod - letter - school - > slip - winter - parcel - wing - roll > > father - opinion - fruit - off - he - cheap - mine - common - month - > of - record - name - humor > > look - comb - net - young - thunder - rat - machine - slow - degree - > station - stocking - knot - wind > > > MNEMONICODE (~10.7 bits/word, 12 words) > > cuba - edgar - method - fortune - amazon - aspirin - demo - winter - > shave - donor - russian - mineral > > octopus - toga - social - declare - special - micro - gemini - indigo > - artist - justin - gibson - fidel > > chicago - cave - alice - scorpio - totem - dynamic - degree - manual - > bombay - forbid - jessica - ceramic > > pioneer - dynasty - organic - plume - people - zipper - caramel - > english - flood - scuba - ethnic - animal > > coral - shelf - project - arthur - poem - news - saturn - axiom - > trumpet - yoga - mission - portal > > > DICEWARE (~13 bits/word, 10 words) > > ns - mill - tacoma - penna - slim - mung - 8000 - hu - camber - olav > > puerto - qualm - crag - ripley - bogey - skid - nee - pad - cahill - crowd > > sachs - ate - anglo - fugue - arab - denny - might - atlas - cpa - ks > > blip - bulge - jill - joule - scion - sk - squad - alma - micky - alan > > dizzy - oslo - sf - incest - goofy - hater - y's - chopin - getty - tung > > exult - wish - skin - envoy - jenny - basin - apron - gulp - roomy - veer > > > RANDOM WORD GENERATOR AT WORDREFERENCE.COM (~16.5 bits/word, 8 words) [2] > > cowhage - ekasilicon - democratist - clum - dyslexia - farfetched - > furrier - mangosteen > > matric - beadsman - enterlace - oarswoman - secretitious - incisor - > danite - linstock > > potash - intersert - possum - verbarfunambulo - additionally - > enterotome - turrethead - telegrammic - clupeid > > > Trevor > > > [1] https://github.com/trevp/keyname > [2] http://www.wordreference.com/random/definition > _______________________________________________ > Messaging mailing list > [email protected] > https://moderncrypto.org/mailman/listinfo/messaging
_______________________________________________ Messaging mailing list [email protected] https://moderncrypto.org/mailman/listinfo/messaging
