Many MTA understand these and map them to sensible SMTP error messages.

Inability to find an inbox results in "5.1.1 user unknown".
Misformatted messages are rejected with "5.6.0 data format error".
Unsupported inbox versions are reported as "5.3.5 local configuration error".

All of these are interpreted as permanent failures.
---
 script/public-inbox-mda | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/script/public-inbox-mda b/script/public-inbox-mda
index 766d58a..1f1252a 100755
--- a/script/public-inbox-mda
+++ b/script/public-inbox-mda
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ my $config = PublicInbox::Config->new;
 my $recipient = $ENV{ORIGINAL_RECIPIENT};
 defined $recipient or die "ORIGINAL_RECIPIENT not defined in ENV\n";
 my $dst = $config->lookup($recipient); # first check
-defined $dst or do_exit(1);
-my $main_repo = $dst->{mainrepo} or do_exit(1);
+defined $dst or do_exit(67); # EX_NOUSER 5.1.1 user unknown
+my $main_repo = $dst->{mainrepo} or do_exit(67);
 
 # pre-check, MDA has stricter rules than an importer might;
 do_exit(0) unless PublicInbox::MDA->precheck($simple, $dst->{address});
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ if (ref($ret) && $ret->isa('Email::MIME')) { # filter altered 
message
 } elsif ($ret == PublicInbox::Filter::Base::IGNORE) {
        do_exit(0); # chuck it to emergency
 } elsif ($ret == PublicInbox::Filter::Base::REJECT) {
-       $! = $ret;
+       $! = 65; # EX_DATAERR 5.6.0 data format error
        die $filter->err, "\n";
 } # else { accept
 
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ if ($v == 2) {
        my $git = $dst->git;
        $im = PublicInbox::Import->new($git, $dst->{name}, $recipient, $dst);
 } else {
+       $! = 78; # EX_CONFIG 5.3.5 local configuration error
        die "Unsupported inbox version: $v\n";
 }
 if (defined $im->add($mime)) {
-- 
2.17.1

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