Very interesting work, Stanislas! Great to see the cooperation between 
classical AI (in the form of theorem provers) and modern machine learning.

I have several questions which I hope you could comment on.

1. Is your algorithm able to eventually prove any provable result given 
enough time? In other words, is the proof search exhaustive?

2. Does it work for any metamath database or only for set.mm?

3. Does your prover use facts it learned from the training set or it uses 
theorems from the database? I.e. if you were to change all theorem names in 
the database so they are different from ones used in the training set, 
would the model still work well? What if you "jumble" theorems (say, change 
order in conjunctions of clauses), will the model work better than a usual 
search or it will be ineffective?

4. Related to previous questions, can you transfer skills the model learned 
from one database to another? For instance, can it learn to prove 
intuitionistic theorems faster if it was first trained on classical logic?

5. Do you get (or hope to get) some sort of discriminative/generative model 
as a byproduct? For example, given a trained model, can you evaluate the 
probability that some proposition is true? Can you autosuggest possible 
theorems/steps to use based on your model? Clearly this question has proof 
assistants in mind :-)

I would also like to suggest some theorems for a test: if the answer to 
question 2 is positive, you could try your algorithm on quantum logic (see 
http://us2.metamath.org:88/qleuni/mmql.html) and intuitionistic logic (see 
http://us2.metamath.org:88/ileuni/mmil.html).

As for set.mm, it would be interesting to see how it behaves on 
calculational proofs like, for example, proofs that certain numbers are 
prime (see http://us2.metamath.org:88/mpeuni/mmtheorems145.html#mm14463s). 
Another interesting topic is proofs in the Tarskian geometry section (see 
http://us2.metamath.org:88/mpeuni/mmtheorems237.html#mm23691h). Those 
mostly use propositional calculus and Tarski axioms, which reduces the 
search space. Geometric proofs also have some sort of "geometric intuition" 
behind them which may (or may not) be helpful for finding proofs.

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