I have been in a similar situation of power being unreliable and no UPS, so I
sympathize.
This is how I have achieved RO filesystem (default partitions)
1. Add to /etc/fstab
swap /dev mfs rw,-P=/dev,-s=32m 0 0
2. Create RO Script
#!/bin/sh
UP=$(( $(date +%s) - $(sysctl -n kern.boottime) )) ## Date in
Seconds subtracted from OS boot time
if [ $UP -lt 3600 ]; then ##
If less than 1 hour - leave system as is. No modification of FS. You can add
crontab for this script to run every hour.
exit 1
else
mount -uvr /
mount -uvr /usr
mount -uvr /usr/X11R6
mount -uvr /usr/local
mount -uvr /usr/obj
mount -uvr /usr/src
fi
exit 1
Obviously this is a last resort. Default partitions, etc should remain as devs
intended. The Developers also assume a work (RW) filesystem.
I have a RW script that I run before doing sysupgrade / syspatch etc. Also
make the Filesystems RW before rebooting.
-----Original Message-----
From: owner-m...@openbsd.org <owner-m...@openbsd.org> On Behalf Of Joe Barnett
Sent: Wednesday, 10 June 2020 8:02 AM
To: Vertigo Altair <vertigo.alt...@gmail.com>
Cc: Misc <misc@openbsd.org>
Subject: Re: OpenBSD Readonly File System
On 2020-06-09 00:59, Vertigo Altair wrote:
> Hi Misc,
> I have a firewall device and I'm using OpenBSD on it. There is an
> electricity problem where the device runs. Therefore, I have to run
> the "fsck -y" command regularly at startup due to the electricity problem.
> To
> overcome this, I want to use readonly file system.
> I know there are some projects like "resflash", but I want to do that
> manually.
I have hacked and slashed my way to this kind of configuration for my
firewall/gateway and a few other machines -- and with what appears to be good
results. Please understand this is almost certainly not supported by the
project. I have outlined this at the following URL:
https://www.mr72.com/readonlyfs.html
I hope this helps. Any feedback will be greatly appreciated.
Good luck!
Joe
> My partitions like this;
>
> vertigo# df -h
> Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
> /dev/sd0a 3.9G 489M 3.2G 13% /
> /dev/sd0g 91.8G 1.0G 86.2G 1% /mypartition
> /dev/sd0d 989M 12.0K 940M 0% /tmp
> /dev/sd0f 3.9G 1.7G 2.0G 46% /usr
> /dev/sd0e 3.9G 46.9M 3.6G 1% /var
>
> I want to / and /usr as readonly, I updated /etc/fstab and I made /
> and /usr readonly;
>
> vertigo# cat /etc/fstab
> ec347fefe8d05509.b none swap sw
> ec347fefe8d05509.a / ffs ro 1 1
> ec347fefe8d05509.g /mypartition ffs rw,nodev,nosuid 1 2
> ec347fefe8d05509.d /tmp ffs rw,nodev,nosuid 1 2 ec347fefe8d05509.f
> /usr ffs ro,wxallowed,nodev 1 2 ec347fefe8d05509.e /var ffs
> rw,nodev,nosuid 1 2
>
>
> On startup following errors comming from /etc/rc; I think errors about
> /etc/motd are not so important, but are the errors coming from
> /etc/tty*
> can cause any problems? If my method is not correct, what is the best
> way to do this?
>
>>> OpenBSD/amd64 BOOTX64 3.50
> boot>
> booting hd0a:/bsd: 12957000+2753552+327712+0+708608
> [807408+128+1024872+749630]=0x1271a18
> entry point at 0x1001000
> [ using 2583064 bytes of bsd ELF symbol table ] Copyright (c) 1982,
> 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
> The Regents of the University of California. All rights
> reserved.
> Copyright (c) 1995-2020 OpenBSD. All rights reserved.
> https://www.OpenBSD.org
>
> OpenBSD 6.7 (GENERIC.MP) #2: Thu Jun 4 09:55:08 MDT 2020
>
> r...@syspatch-67-amd64.openbsd.org:/usr/src/sys/arch/amd64/compile/GEN
> ERIC.MP
> real mem = 4151607296 (3959MB)
> avail mem = 4013170688 (3827MB)
> mpath0 at root
> scsibus0 at mpath0: 256 targets
> mainbus0 at root
> bios0 at mainbus0: SMBIOS rev. 2.8 @ 0xebf10 (14 entries)
> bios0: vendor American Megatrends Inc. version "BAR3NA05" date
> 07/23/2018
> bios0: NF533 NF533
> acpi0 at bios0: ACPI 5.0
> acpi0: sleep states S0 S3 S4 S5
> acpi0: tables DSDT FACP APIC FPDT FIDT MCFG LPIT HPET SSDT SSDT SSDT
> UEFI
> acpi0: wakeup devices XHC1(S4) PXSX(S4) PXSX(S4) PXSX(S4) PXSX(S4)
> acpitimer0 at acpi0: 3579545 Hz, 24 bits
> acpimadt0 at acpi0 addr 0xfee00000: PC-AT compat
> cpu0 at mainbus0: apid 0 (boot processor)
> cpu0: Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU J1900 @ 1.99GHz, 2000.37 MHz, 06-37-09
> cpu0:
> FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE3
> 6,CFLUSH,DS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE,SSE3,PCLMUL,DTES64,MW
> AIT,DS-CPL,VMX,EST,TM2,SSSE3,CX16,xTPR,PDCM,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,MOVBE,POPCNT
> ,DEADLINE,RDRAND,NXE,RDTSCP,LONG,LAHF,3DNOWP,PERF,ITSC,TSC_ADJUST,SMEP
> ,ERMS,MD_CLEAR,IBRS,IBPB,STIBP,SENSOR,ARAT,MELTDOWN
> cpu0: 1MB 64b/line 16-way L2 cache
> cpu0: smt 0, core 0, package 0
> mtrr: Pentium Pro MTRR support, 8 var ranges, 88 fixed ranges
> cpu0: apic clock running at 83MHz
> cpu0: mwait min=64, max=64, C-substates=0.2.0.0.0.0.3.3, IBE
> cpu1 at mainbus0: apid 2 (application processor)
> cpu1: Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU J1900 @ 1.99GHz, 2000.01 MHz, 06-37-09
> cpu1:
> FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE3
> 6,CFLUSH,DS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE,SSE3,PCLMUL,DTES64,MW
> AIT,DS-CPL,VMX,EST,TM2,SSSE3,CX16,xTPR,PDCM,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,MOVBE,POPCNT
> ,DEADLINE,RDRAND,NXE,RDTSCP,LONG,LAHF,3DNOWP,PERF,ITSC,TSC_ADJUST,SMEP
> ,ERMS,MD_CLEAR,IBRS,IBPB,STIBP,SENSOR,ARAT,MELTDOWN
> cpu1: 1MB 64b/line 16-way L2 cache
> cpu1: smt 0, core 1, package 0
> cpu2 at mainbus0: apid 4 (application processor)
> cpu2: Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU J1900 @ 1.99GHz, 2000.03 MHz, 06-37-09
> cpu2:
> FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE3
> 6,CFLUSH,DS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE,SSE3,PCLMUL,DTES64,MW
> AIT,DS-CPL,VMX,EST,TM2,SSSE3,CX16,xTPR,PDCM,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,MOVBE,POPCNT
> ,DEADLINE,RDRAND,NXE,RDTSCP,LONG,LAHF,3DNOWP,PERF,ITSC,TSC_ADJUST,SMEP
> ,ERMS,MD_CLEAR,IBRS,IBPB,STIBP,SENSOR,ARAT,MELTDOWN
> cpu2: 1MB 64b/line 16-way L2 cache
> cpu2: smt 0, core 2, package 0
> cpu3 at mainbus0: apid 6 (application processor)
> cpu3: Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU J1900 @ 1.99GHz, 2000.01 MHz, 06-37-09
> cpu3:
> FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE3
> 6,CFLUSH,DS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE,SSE3,PCLMUL,DTES64,MW
> AIT,DS-CPL,VMX,EST,TM2,SSSE3,CX16,xTPR,PDCM,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,MOVBE,POPCNT
> ,DEADLINE,RDRAND,NXE,RDTSCP,LONG,LAHF,3DNOWP,PERF,ITSC,TSC_ADJUST,SMEP
> ,ERMS,MD_CLEAR,IBRS,IBPB,STIBP,SENSOR,ARAT,MELTDOWN
> cpu3: 1MB 64b/line 16-way L2 cache
> cpu3: smt 0, core 3, package 0
> ioapic0 at mainbus0: apid 1 pa 0xfec00000, version 20, 87 pins
> acpimcfg0 at acpi0
> acpimcfg0: addr 0xe0000000, bus 0-255
> acpihpet0 at acpi0: 14318179 Hz
> acpiprt0 at acpi0: bus 0 (PCI0)
> acpiprt1 at acpi0: bus 1 (RP01)
> acpiprt2 at acpi0: bus 7 (RP02)
> acpiprt3 at acpi0: bus 8 (RP03)
> acpiprt4 at acpi0: bus 9 (RP04)
> acpiec0 at acpi0: not present
> acpicpu0 at acpi0: C2(10@500 mwait.1@0x58), C1(1000@1 mwait.1), PSS
> acpicpu1 at acpi0: C2(10@500 mwait.1@0x58), C1(1000@1 mwait.1), PSS
> acpicpu2 at acpi0: C2(10@500 mwait.1@0x58), C1(1000@1 mwait.1), PSS
> acpicpu3 at acpi0: C2(10@500 mwait.1@0x58), C1(1000@1 mwait.1), PSS
> acpipwrres0 at acpi0: PLPE
> acpipwrres1 at acpi0: PLPE
> acpipwrres2 at acpi0: USBC, resource for EHC1, OTG1
> acpitz0 at acpi0: critical temperature is 127 degC
> acpicmos0 at acpi0
> acpipci0 at acpi0 PCI0: 0x00000010 0x00000011 0x00000000 "DMA0F28" at
> acpi0 not configured
> acpibtn0 at acpi0: PWRB
> acpibtn1 at acpi0: SLPB
> acpivideo0 at acpi0: GFX0
> cpu0: using VERW MDS workaround
> cpu0: Enhanced SpeedStep 2000 MHz: speeds: 1993, 1992, 1909, 1826,
> 1743, 1660, 1577, 1494, 1411, 1328 MHz
> pci0 at mainbus0 bus 0
> pchb0 at pci0 dev 0 function 0 "Intel Bay Trail Host" rev 0x11
> inteldrm0 at pci0 dev 2 function 0 "Intel Bay Trail Video" rev 0x11
> drm0 at inteldrm0
> inteldrm0: msi, VALLEYVIEW, gen 7
> ahci0 at pci0 dev 19 function 0 "Intel Bay Trail AHCI" rev 0x11: msi,
> AHCI 1.3
> ahci0: port 0: 3.0Gb/s
> scsibus1 at ahci0: 32 targets
> sd0 at scsibus1 targ 0 lun 0: <ATA, KINGSTON SA400S3, SBFK>
> naa.50026b7782d3a666
> sd0: 114473MB, 512 bytes/sector, 234441648 sectors, thin
> xhci0 at pci0 dev 20 function 0 "Intel Bay Trail xHCI" rev 0x11: msi,
> xHCI 1.0
> usb0 at xhci0: USB revision 3.0
> uhub0 at usb0 configuration 1 interface 0 "Intel xHCI root hub" rev
> 3.00/1.00 addr 1
> "Intel Bay Trail TXE" rev 0x11 at pci0 dev 26 function 0 not
> configured
> ppb0 at pci0 dev 28 function 0 "Intel Bay Trail PCIE" rev 0x11: msi
> pci1 at ppb0 bus 1
> ppb1 at pci1 dev 0 function 0 "Pericom PI7C9X2G608GP PCIE" rev 0x00
> pci2 at ppb1 bus 2
> ppb2 at pci2 dev 1 function 0 "Pericom PI7C9X2G608GP PCIE" rev 0x00:
> msi
> pci3 at ppb2 bus 3
> ppb3 at pci2 dev 2 function 0 "Pericom PI7C9X2G608GP PCIE" rev 0x00:
> msi
> pci4 at ppb3 bus 4
> em0 at pci4 dev 0 function 0 "Intel I211" rev 0x03: msi, address
> 00:30:18:00:05:0f
> ppb4 at pci2 dev 3 function 0 "Pericom PI7C9X2G608GP PCIE" rev 0x00:
> msi
> pci5 at ppb4 bus 5
> ppb5 at pci2 dev 4 function 0 "Pericom PI7C9X2G608GP PCIE" rev 0x00:
> msi
> pci6 at ppb5 bus 6
> ppb6 at pci0 dev 28 function 1 "Intel Bay Trail PCIE" rev 0x11: msi
> pci7 at ppb6 bus 7
> em1 at pci7 dev 0 function 0 "Intel I211" rev 0x03: msi, address
> 00:30:18:00:05:0c
> ppb7 at pci0 dev 28 function 2 "Intel Bay Trail PCIE" rev 0x11: msi
> pci8 at ppb7 bus 8
> em2 at pci8 dev 0 function 0 "Intel I211" rev 0x03: msi, address
> 00:30:18:00:05:0d
> ppb8 at pci0 dev 28 function 3 "Intel Bay Trail PCIE" rev 0x11: msi
> pci9 at ppb8 bus 9
> em3 at pci9 dev 0 function 0 "Intel I211" rev 0x03: msi, address
> 00:30:18:00:05:0e
> pcib0 at pci0 dev 31 function 0 "Intel Bay Trail LPC" rev 0x11
> ichiic0 at pci0 dev 31 function 3 "Intel Bay Trail SMBus" rev 0x11:
> apic 1 int 18
> iic0 at ichiic0
> "eeprom" at iic0 addr 0x50 not configured
> isa0 at pcib0
> isadma0 at isa0
> com0 at isa0 port 0x3f8/8 irq 4: ns16550a, 16 byte fifo
> com0: console
> com1 at isa0 port 0x2f8/8 irq 3: ns16550a, 16 byte fifo
> pckbc0 at isa0 port 0x60/5 irq 1 irq 12
> pckbd0 at pckbc0 (kbd slot)
> wskbd0 at pckbd0 mux 1
> pcppi0 at isa0 port 0x61
> spkr0 at pcppi0
> vmm0 at mainbus0: VMX/EPT (using slow L1TF mitigation) efifb at
> mainbus0 not configured
> uhub0: device problem, disabling port 1
> uhidev0 at uhub0 port 2 configuration 1 interface 0 " USB Keyboard"
> rev 1.10/2.50 addr 2
> uhidev0: iclass 3/1
> ukbd0 at uhidev0: 8 variable keys, 6 key codes
> wskbd1 at ukbd0 mux 1
> uhidev1 at uhub0 port 2 configuration 1 interface 1 " USB Keyboard"
> rev 1.10/2.50 addr 2
> uhidev1: iclass 3/0, 2 report ids
> uhid0 at uhidev1 reportid 1: input=1, output=0, feature=0
> uhid1 at uhidev1 reportid 2: input=3, output=0, feature=0
> uhub1 at uhub0 port 4 configuration 1 interface 0 "Genesys Logic
> USB2.0 Hub" rev 2.00/88.32 addr 3
> vscsi0 at root
> scsibus2 at vscsi0: 256 targets
> softraid0 at root
> scsibus3 at softraid0: 256 targets
> root on sd0a (ec347fefe8d05509.a) swap on sd0b dump on sd0b
> inteldrm0: 1600x900, 32bpp
> wsdisplay0 at inteldrm0 mux 1
> pckbd_enable: command error
> wskbd1: connecting to wsdisplay0
> wsdisplay0: screen 0-5 added (std, vt100 emulation) Automatic boot in
> progress: starting file system checks.
> /dev/sd0a (ec347fefe8d05509.a): file system is clean; not checking
> /dev/sd0g (ec347fefe8d05509.g): file system is clean; not checking
> /dev/sd0d (ec347fefe8d05509.d): file system is clean; not checking
> /dev/sd0f (ec347fefe8d05509.f): file system is clean; not checking
> /dev/sd0e (ec347fefe8d05509.e): file system is clean; not checking
> kbd: keyboard mapping set to tr
> net.inet.udp.recvspace: 41600 -> 262144
> net.inet.udp.sendspace: 9216 -> 262144
> kern.maxfiles: 7030 -> 2048000
> kern.maxclusters: 262144 -> 1280000
> kern.somaxconn: 128 -> 10240
> kern.seminfo.semmni: 10 -> 1024
> kern.seminfo.semmns: 60 -> 4096
> kern.shminfo.shmmax: 33554432 -> 805306368
> kern.shminfo.shmall: 196608 -> 196608
> kern.maxvnodes: 5926 -> 200000
> net.inet.icmp.errppslimit: 100 -> 1000
> ddb.panic: 1 -> 0
> net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0 -> 1
> kern.maxproc: 1310 -> 200000
> kern.bufcachepercent: 20 -> 70
> net.inet.ip.mforwarding: 0 -> 1
> net.inet.gre.allow: 0 -> 1
> net.inet.esp.enable: 1 -> 1
> net.pipex.enable: 0 -> 1
> machdep.kbdreset: 0 -> 1
> kern.pool_debug: 0 -> 0
> net.inet.ip.multipath: 0 -> 1
> net.inet6.ip6.multipath: 0 -> 1
> net.inet.divert.recvspace: 65636 -> 1048576
> net.inet.divert.sendspace: 65636 -> 1048576
> net.inet6.divert.recvspace: 65636 -> 1048576
> net.inet6.divert.sendspace: 65636 -> 1048576
> hw.smt: 0 -> 1
> starting network
> reordering libraries: done.
> starting early daemons: syslogd ntpd.
> starting RPC daemons:.
> savecore: no core dump
> checking quotas: done.
> chmod: /dev/ttyp0: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttyp1: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttyp2: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttyp3: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttyp4: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttyp5: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttyp6: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttyp7: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttyp8: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttyp9: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypA: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypB: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypC: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypD: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypE: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypF: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypG: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypH: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypI: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypJ: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypK: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypL: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypM: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypN: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypO: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypP: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypQ: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypR: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypS: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypT: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypU: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypV: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypW: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypX: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypY: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypZ: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypa: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypb: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypc: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypd: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttype: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypf: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypg: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttyph: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypi: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypj: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypk: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypl: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypm: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypn: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypo: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypp: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypq: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypr: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttyps: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypt: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypu: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypv: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypw: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypx: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypy: Read-only file system
> chmod: /dev/ttypz: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttyp0: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttyp1: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttyp2: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttyp3: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttyp4: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttyp5: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttyp6: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttyp7: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttyp8: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttyp9: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypA: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypB: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypC: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypD: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypE: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypF: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypG: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypH: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypI: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypJ: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypK: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypL: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypM: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypN: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypO: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypP: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypQ: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypR: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypS: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypT: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypU: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypV: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypW: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypX: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypY: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypZ: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypa: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypb: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypc: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypd: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttype: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypf: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypg: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttyph: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypi: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypj: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypk: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypl: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypm: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypn: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypo: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypp: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypq: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypr: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttyps: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypt: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypu: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypv: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypw: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypx: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypy: Read-only file system
> chown: /dev/ttypz: Read-only file system clearing /tmp
> kern.securelevel: 0 -> 1
> /etc/rc[557]: cannot create /etc/motd: Read-only file system
> /etc/rc[558]: cannot create /etc/motd: Read-only file system
> /etc/rc[559]: cannot create /etc/motd: Read-only file system
> /etc/rc[560]: cannot create /etc/motd: Read-only file system
> /etc/rc[561]: cannot create /etc/motd: Read-only file system
> /etc/rc[562]: cannot create /etc/motd: Read-only file system
> /etc/rc[563]: cannot create /etc/motd: Read-only file system
> /etc/rc[564]: cannot create /etc/motd: Read-only file system
> /etc/rc[565]: cannot create /etc/motd: Read-only file system creating
> runtime link editor directory cache.
> preserving editor files.
> starting network daemons: sshd.
> starting local daemons: cron.
> Tue Jun 9 10:02:51 +03 2020
