Hello,

The attached patch replaces getcpy() and strdup() with mh_xstrdup() as
discussed previously.  Specifically,

        - mh_xstrdup() calls adios() in case of memory allocation error;
        - getcpy() and strdup() are replaced by mh_xstrdup() if the return
          value isn't checked for an error; and
        - getcpy() is replaced by strdup() if the return value is checked
          for an error.

Michael
--- Begin Message ---
scrÄ«psit Philipp Takacs <[email protected]>:

> [2016-03-18 21:12] [email protected]
> > scrÄ«psit Philipp Takacs <[email protected]>:
> > > [2016-03-16 09:05] [email protected]
> > > > One item in the list found in docs/TODO was replace getcpy() with
> > > > strdup().  So I've added a subroutine to sbr/utils.c called
> > > > "mh_xstrdup" with which I've replaced all calls to getcpy() and
> > > > to strdup(), except those in sbr/mf.c; the file sbr/mf.c defines
> > > > its own getcpy(), so I've left it alone.  See the attached patch.
> > > 
> > > Thanks for your patch. But your patch doesn't cover all the problems.
> > > getcpy() internal use mh_xcalloc, which calls exit() if it fail, but
> > > strdup and mh_xstrdup does not. The problem is in the libary[0] (sbr-dir)
> > > it's a bad idea to have a function that exit the hole programm.
> > -
> > > [0]: I know there are a bunch of getcpy/mh_xcalloc/adios calls in the
> > > libary, but we shouldn't add more.
> > -
> > > Maybe you add an boolean argument to mh_xstrdump() to choos, if the
> > > caller checks the return value or not.
> 
> My idea was something like:
> 
>       char *mh_xstrdup(char *s, boolean exit_on_failure)
> 
> But I reconsider this is a bad idea. It's better to use strdup()
> for the libary and mh_xstrdup() for the programms. In the first place
> you don't need to add return-value check.
> 
> For your patch this means:
> 1) use adios in mh_xstrdup()
> 2) use mh_xstrdup() to replace getcpy()/strdup(), if the return value isn't c
> hecked
> 3) use strdup() to replace getcpy(), if the return value is checked

OK.  I understand better now.  I'll work on this.

> And some notice to your example implementation
> 
> > could set the value of errsv to the value of errno from errno.h after
> > calling strdup().  This way, the caller of mh_xstrdup() could choose
> > whether to check for an error.  See the code attached to this message.
> 
> In general this is this[0] a good idea to handle error returns, but
> for errno this is unnecessary, because the caller can also check errno.
-
> [0]: In most cases it's the other way around. The return type
> is the error indicator and the actual return is a pointer argument.

Thanks for your explanation.  I thought that one needed to save errno,
because it may be changed by other library calls [*]; that's why I pointed
the variable "errsv" at the value of errno in my example.  But I see now
that this is unnecessary in my example, where no library calls are made
after errno is possibly set by strdup().

Michael


[*]: errno(3)

--- End Message ---
diff --git a/docs/TODO b/docs/TODO
index a439680..308f755 100644
--- a/docs/TODO
+++ b/docs/TODO
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ TODO
 * Write different function to read configuration files, instead
   of using m_getfld.c
 * convert calls from sprintf/vsprintf to snprintf/vsnprintf
-* convert calls from getcpy to strdup
 * modularize access to context/profile list.
 * add command printm to print messages
 * finish changing to macros for msgstats and msgflags
diff --git a/h/prototypes.h b/h/prototypes.h
index 8575b22..8455b38 100644
--- a/h/prototypes.h
+++ b/h/prototypes.h
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ char **getans(char *, struct swit *);
 int getanswer(char *);
 char **getarguments(char *, int, char **, int);
 char *get_charset();
-char *getcpy(char *);
 char *getcurfol(void);
 char *getdeffol(void);
 int lkclose(int, char*);
diff --git a/h/utils.h b/h/utils.h
index 60cc34c..c0d2835 100644
--- a/h/utils.h
+++ b/h/utils.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ char *pwd(void);
 char *add(char *, char *);
 void create_folder(char *, int, void (*)(int));
 int num_digits(int);
+char *mh_xstrdup(char *);
 
 struct msgs_array {
 	int max, size;
diff --git a/sbr/Makefile.in b/sbr/Makefile.in
index 51049c7..77c0c1b 100644
--- a/sbr/Makefile.in
+++ b/sbr/Makefile.in
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ SRCS = addrsbr.c ambigsw.c brkstring.c  \
 	error.c execprog.c ext_hook.c folder_addmsg.c folder_delmsgs.c  \
 	folder_free.c folder_read.c  \
 	folder_realloc.c gans.c getans.c getanswer.c  \
-	getarguments.c getcpy.c \
+	getarguments.c \
 	fmt_addr.c fmt_compile.c fmt_new.c fmt_rfc2047.c  \
 	fmt_scan.c lock_file.c m_atoi.c \
 	m_convert.c m_draft.c m_getfld.c m_gmprot.c  \
diff --git a/sbr/addrsbr.c b/sbr/addrsbr.c
index b2e1176..db5b42e 100644
--- a/sbr/addrsbr.c
+++ b/sbr/addrsbr.c
@@ -114,31 +114,31 @@ getm(char *str, char *dfhost, int dftype, int wanthost, char *eresult)
 	}
 
 	mp->m_next = NULL;
-	mp->m_text = getcpy(str);
+	mp->m_text = mh_xstrdup(str);
 	if (pers)
-		mp->m_pers = getcpy(pers);
+		mp->m_pers = mh_xstrdup(pers);
 
 	if (mbox == NULL) {
 		mp->m_type = BADHOST;
 		mp->m_nohost = 1;
 		mp->m_ingrp = ingrp;
-		mp->m_gname = getcpy(grp);
+		mp->m_gname = mh_xstrdup(grp);
 		if (note)
-			mp->m_note = getcpy(note);
+			mp->m_note = mh_xstrdup(note);
 		return mp;
 	}
 
 	if (host) {
-		mp->m_mbox = getcpy(mbox);
-		mp->m_host = getcpy(host);
+		mp->m_mbox = mh_xstrdup(mbox);
+		mp->m_host = mh_xstrdup(host);
 	} else {
 		mp->m_nohost = 1;
-		mp->m_mbox = getcpy(mbox);
+		mp->m_mbox = mh_xstrdup(mbox);
 		if (route == NULL && dftype == LOCALHOST) {
 			mp->m_host = NULL;
 			mp->m_type = dftype;
 		} else {
-			mp->m_host = route ? NULL : getcpy(dfhost);
+			mp->m_host = route ? NULL : mh_xstrdup(dfhost);
 			mp->m_type = route ? NETHOST : dftype;
 		}
 		goto got_host;
@@ -152,12 +152,12 @@ getm(char *str, char *dfhost, int dftype, int wanthost, char *eresult)
 
 got_host: ;
 	if (route)
-		mp->m_path = getcpy(route);
+		mp->m_path = mh_xstrdup(route);
 	mp->m_ingrp = ingrp;
 	if (grp)
-		mp->m_gname = getcpy(grp);
+		mp->m_gname = mh_xstrdup(grp);
 	if (note)
-		mp->m_note = getcpy(note);
+		mp->m_note = mh_xstrdup(note);
 
 	return mp;
 }
diff --git a/sbr/context_read.c b/sbr/context_read.c
index 4475ca0..cfdcff2 100644
--- a/sbr/context_read.c
+++ b/sbr/context_read.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 */
 
 #include <h/mh.h>    /* mh internals */
-#include <h/utils.h> /* mh_free0() */
+#include <h/utils.h>
 #include <errno.h>   /* system call errors */
 #include <pwd.h>     /* structure for getpwuid() results */
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ context_read(void)
 	** set mmhpath
 	*/
 	if ((cp = getenv("MMH")) && *cp) {
-		mmhpath = getcpy(expanddir(cp));  /* rel to cwd */
+		mmhpath = mh_xstrdup(expanddir(cp));  /* rel to cwd */
 		if (stat(mmhpath, &st) != -1 && (st.st_mode & S_IFDIR) == 0) {
 			adios(EX_CONFIG, NULL, "`%s' specified by your MMH environment variable is not a directory", cp);
 		}
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ context_read(void)
 	*/
 	if ((cp = getenv("MMHP")) && *cp) {
 		if (*cp == '/') {
-			defpath = getcpy(cp);
+			defpath = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 		} else {
 			defpath = concat(mmhpath, "/", cp, NULL);
 		}
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ context_read(void)
 	}
 
 	if (*cp == '/') {
-		ctxpath = getcpy(cp);
+		ctxpath = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 	} else {
 		ctxpath = concat(mmhpath, "/", cp, NULL);
 	}
diff --git a/sbr/context_replace.c b/sbr/context_replace.c
index 1b39b27..bfa3daf 100644
--- a/sbr/context_replace.c
+++ b/sbr/context_replace.c
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ context_replace(char *key, char *value)
 		m_defs = mh_xcalloc(1, sizeof(*np));
 
 		np = m_defs;
-		np->n_name = getcpy(key);
-		np->n_field = getcpy(value);
+		np->n_name = mh_xstrdup(key);
+		np->n_field = mh_xstrdup(value);
 		np->n_context = 1;
 		np->n_next = NULL;
 		ctxflags |= CTXMOD;
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ context_replace(char *key, char *value)
 					admonish(NULL, "bug: context_replace(key=\"%s\",value=\"%s\")", key, value);
 				if (np->n_field)
 					mh_free0(&(np->n_field));
-				np->n_field = getcpy(value);
+				np->n_field = mh_xstrdup(value);
 				ctxflags |= CTXMOD;
 			}
 			return;
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ context_replace(char *key, char *value)
 	np->n_next = mh_xcalloc(1, sizeof(*np));
 
 	np = np->n_next;
-	np->n_name = getcpy(key);
-	np->n_field = getcpy(value);
+	np->n_name = mh_xstrdup(key);
+	np->n_field = mh_xstrdup(value);
 	np->n_context = 1;
 	np->n_next = NULL;
 	ctxflags |= CTXMOD;
diff --git a/sbr/crawl_folders.c b/sbr/crawl_folders.c
index 3841b97..7164616 100644
--- a/sbr/crawl_folders.c
+++ b/sbr/crawl_folders.c
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ add_children(char *name, struct crawl_context *crawl)
 	}
 
 	if (strcmp(name, ".") == 0) {
-		prefix = getcpy("");
+		prefix = mh_xstrdup("");
 	} else {
 		prefix = concat(name, "/", (void *)NULL);
 	}
diff --git a/sbr/fmt_addr.c b/sbr/fmt_addr.c
index c89a195..25c0e16 100644
--- a/sbr/fmt_addr.c
+++ b/sbr/fmt_addr.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ static unsigned int bufsiz;  /* current size of buf         */
 ** returns a pointer to the concatenated address string.
 **
 ** We try to not do a lot of malloc/copy/free's (which is why we
-** don't call "getcpy") but still place no upper limit on the
+** don't call "mh_xstrdup") but still place no upper limit on the
 ** length of the result string.
 **
 ** This routine is placed in a separate library so it can be
diff --git a/sbr/fmt_compile.c b/sbr/fmt_compile.c
index f4d92d2..566f620 100644
--- a/sbr/fmt_compile.c
+++ b/sbr/fmt_compile.c
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ fmt_compile(char *fstring, struct format **fmt)
 
 	if (format_string)
 		mh_free0(&format_string);
-	format_string = getcpy(fstring);
+	format_string = mh_xstrdup(fstring);
 	usr_fstring = fstring;
 
 	/* init the component hash table. */
diff --git a/sbr/fmt_new.c b/sbr/fmt_new.c
index 6dcc70b..c1386d4 100644
--- a/sbr/fmt_new.c
+++ b/sbr/fmt_new.c
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ new_fs(char *form, char *def_form)
 
 	if (form) {
 		if (*form == '=') {
-			formats = getcpy(form+1);
+			formats = mh_xstrdup(form+1);
 		} else {
 			if ((fp = fopen(etcpath(form), "r")) == NULL) {
 				adios(EX_IOERR, form, "unable to open format file");
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ new_fs(char *form, char *def_form)
 		}
 	} else if (def_form) {
 		if (*def_form == '=') {
-			formats = getcpy(def_form+1);
+			formats = mh_xstrdup(def_form+1);
 		} else {
 			if ((fp = fopen(etcpath(def_form), "r")) == NULL) {
 				adios(EX_IOERR, def_form, "unable to open format file");
diff --git a/sbr/folder_read.c b/sbr/folder_read.c
index 1eeee00..722ee2f 100644
--- a/sbr/folder_read.c
+++ b/sbr/folder_read.c
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ folder_read(char *name)
 	struct dirent *dp;
 	DIR *dd;
 
-	name = getcpy(toabsdir(name));
+	name = mh_xstrdup(toabsdir(name));
 	if (!(dd = opendir(name))) {
 		mh_free0(&name);
 		return NULL;
diff --git a/sbr/getarguments.c b/sbr/getarguments.c
index 33db7f7..e8da984 100644
--- a/sbr/getarguments.c
+++ b/sbr/getarguments.c
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ getarguments(char *invo_name, int argc, char **argv, int check_context)
 	** Check if profile/context specifies any arguments
 	*/
 	if (check_context && (cp = context_find(invo_name))) {
-		cp = getcpy(cp);  /* make copy */
+		cp = mh_xstrdup(cp);  /* make copy */
 		ap = brkstring(cp, " ", "\n");  /* split string */
 
 		/* Count number of arguments split */
diff --git a/sbr/getcpy.c b/sbr/getcpy.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 67375bb..0000000
--- a/sbr/getcpy.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-/*
-** getcpy.c -- copy a string in managed memory
-**
-** THIS IS OBSOLETE.  NEED TO REPLACE ALL OCCURENCES
-** OF GETCPY WITH STRDUP.  BUT THIS WILL REQUIRE
-** CHANGING PARTS OF THE CODE TO DEAL WITH NULL VALUES.
-**
-** This code is Copyright (c) 2002, by the authors of nmh.  See the
-** COPYRIGHT file in the root directory of the nmh distribution for
-** complete copyright information.
-*/
-
-#include <h/mh.h>
-#include <h/utils.h>
-
-
-char *
-getcpy(char *str)
-{
-	char *cp;
-	size_t len;
-
-	if (str) {
-		len = strlen(str) + 1;
-		cp = mh_xcalloc(len, sizeof(char));
-		memcpy(cp, str, len);
-	} else {
-		cp = mh_xcalloc(1, sizeof(char));
-		*cp = '\0';
-	}
-	return cp;
-}
diff --git a/sbr/m_draft.c b/sbr/m_draft.c
index b8d385f..ee85790 100644
--- a/sbr/m_draft.c
+++ b/sbr/m_draft.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ m_draft(char *which)
 	static char buffer[BUFSIZ];
 	char *folder;
 
-	folder = getcpy(toabsdir(draftfolder));
+	folder = mh_xstrdup(toabsdir(draftfolder));
 	create_folder(folder, 0, exit);
 	if (!(mp = folder_read(folder))) {
 		adios(EX_IOERR, NULL, "unable to read folder %s", folder);
diff --git a/sbr/readconfig.c b/sbr/readconfig.c
index ec97e1e..2fe2d7d 100644
--- a/sbr/readconfig.c
+++ b/sbr/readconfig.c
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ readconfig(struct node **npp, FILE *ib, char *file, int ctx)
 			np = mh_xcalloc(1, sizeof(*np));
 			*npp = np;
 			*(npp = &np->n_next) = NULL;
-			np->n_name = getcpy(name);
+			np->n_name = mh_xstrdup(name);
 			if (state == FLDPLUS) {
-				cp = getcpy(field);
+				cp = mh_xstrdup(field);
 				while (state == FLDPLUS) {
 					state = m_getfld(state, name, field,
 							sizeof(field), ib);
diff --git a/sbr/seq_add.c b/sbr/seq_add.c
index fd18a11..aa18889 100644
--- a/sbr/seq_add.c
+++ b/sbr/seq_add.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 */
 
 #include <h/mh.h>
+#include <h/utils.h>
 
 
 /*
diff --git a/sbr/seq_del.c b/sbr/seq_del.c
index 5555f11..f5a27eb 100644
--- a/sbr/seq_del.c
+++ b/sbr/seq_del.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 */
 
 #include <h/mh.h>
+#include <h/utils.h>
 
 
 /*
diff --git a/sbr/seq_read.c b/sbr/seq_read.c
index 1ceb421..e76bcc6 100644
--- a/sbr/seq_read.c
+++ b/sbr/seq_read.c
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ seq_read(struct msgs *mp)
 	** Initialize the list of sequence names.  Go ahead and
 	** add the cur sequence to the list of sequences.
 	*/
-	mp->msgattrs[0] = getcpy(seq_cur);
+	mp->msgattrs[0] = mh_xstrdup(seq_cur);
 	mp->msgattrs[1] = NULL;
 	make_all_public(mp);  /* initially, make all public */
 
@@ -80,16 +80,16 @@ seq_public(struct msgs *mp)
 		case FLD:
 		case FLDPLUS:
 			if (state == FLDPLUS) {
-				cp = getcpy(field);
+				cp = mh_xstrdup(field);
 				while (state == FLDPLUS) {
 					state = m_getfld(state, name, field,
 							sizeof(field), fp);
 					cp = add(field, cp);
 				}
-				seq_init(mp, getcpy(name), trimcpy(cp));
+				seq_init(mp, mh_xstrdup(name), trimcpy(cp));
 				mh_free0(&cp);
 			} else {
-				seq_init(mp, getcpy(name), trimcpy(field));
+				seq_init(mp, mh_xstrdup(name), trimcpy(field));
 			}
 			continue;
 
@@ -133,9 +133,9 @@ seq_private(struct msgs *mp)
 				(j = strlen(np->n_name) - plen) > alen &&
 				*(np->n_name + j) == '-' &&
 				strcmp(mp->foldpath, np->n_name + j + 1)==0) {
-			cp = getcpy(np->n_name + alen);
+			cp = mh_xstrdup(np->n_name + alen);
 			*(cp + j - alen) = '\0';
-			if ((i = seq_init(mp, cp, getcpy(np->n_field))) != -1)
+			if ((i = seq_init(mp, cp, mh_xstrdup(np->n_field))) != -1)
 				make_seq_private(mp, i);
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/sbr/seq_setprev.c b/sbr/seq_setprev.c
index aecbea6..f4304cc 100644
--- a/sbr/seq_setprev.c
+++ b/sbr/seq_setprev.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ seq_setprev(struct msgs *mp)
 	** and split them.
 	*/
 	if ((cp = context_find(psequence))) {
-		dp = getcpy(cp);
+		dp = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 		if (!(ap = brkstring(dp, " ", "\n")) || !*ap) {
 			mh_free0(&dp);
 			return;
diff --git a/sbr/seq_setunseen.c b/sbr/seq_setunseen.c
index 73bd83d..d833650 100644
--- a/sbr/seq_setunseen.c
+++ b/sbr/seq_setunseen.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 */
 
 #include <h/mh.h>
-#include <h/utils.h> /* mh_free0() */
+#include <h/utils.h>
 
 /*
 ** We scan through the folder and act upon all messages
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ seq_setunseen(struct msgs *mp, int doadd)
 	** and split them.
 	*/
 	if ((cp = context_find(usequence))) {
-		dp = getcpy(cp);
+		dp = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 	} else {
 		/* not set in profile, thus use the default */
-		dp = getcpy(seq_unseen);
+		dp = mh_xstrdup(seq_unseen);
 	}
 	if (!(ap = brkstring(dp, " ", "\n")) || !*ap) {
 		/* contains no sequence name, i.e. we're finished */
diff --git a/sbr/trimcpy.c b/sbr/trimcpy.c
index 0d7f58a..ffa6b57 100644
--- a/sbr/trimcpy.c
+++ b/sbr/trimcpy.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 */
 
 #include <h/mh.h>
+#include <h/utils.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 
 
@@ -36,5 +37,5 @@ trimcpy(unsigned char *cp)
 	}
 
 	/* now return a copy */
-	return getcpy(cp);
+	return mh_xstrdup(cp);
 }
diff --git a/sbr/utils.c b/sbr/utils.c
index f61456d..e41dae6 100644
--- a/sbr/utils.c
+++ b/sbr/utils.c
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ pwd(void)
 /*
 ** add   -- If "s1" is NULL, this routine just creates a
 **       -- copy of "s2" into newly malloc'ed memory.
-**       -- (use getcpy() instead in this case)
+**       -- (use mh_xstrdup() instead in this case)
 **       --
 **       -- If "s1" is not NULL, then copy the concatenation
 **       -- of "s1" and "s2" (note the order) into newly
@@ -218,3 +218,19 @@ app_msgarg(struct msgs_array *msgs, char *cp)
 	}
 	msgs->msgs[msgs->size++] = cp;
 }
+
+/*
+** mh_xstrdup() is a wrapper of strdup() to replace getcpy().  It returns
+** a copy of its argument if this is nonnull; otherwise, it returns a
+** string of length 0.
+*/
+char *
+mh_xstrdup(char * s)
+{
+	char * tmp;
+	tmp = strdup(s ? s : "");
+	if (!tmp) {
+		adios(EX_OSERR, NULL, "strdup failed");
+	}
+	return tmp;
+}
diff --git a/uip/ali.c b/uip/ali.c
index d6a480c..9ab6515 100644
--- a/uip/ali.c
+++ b/uip/ali.c
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if (deffiles && (cp = context_find("Aliasfile"))) {
 		char *dp = NULL;
 
-		for (ap = brkstring(dp=getcpy(cp), " ", "\n");
+		for (ap = brkstring(dp=mh_xstrdup(cp), " ", "\n");
 				ap && *ap; ap++) {
 			if ((i = alias(etcpath(*ap))) != AK_OK) {
 				adios(EX_DATAERR, NULL, "aliasing error in %s: %s",
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ print_usr(char *s, int list, int norm)
 			if (!mh_strcasecmp(mp->m_host, np->m_host)
 					&& !mh_strcasecmp(mp->m_mbox, np->m_mbox)) {
 				vp = vp ? add(ak->ak_name, add(",", vp))
-					: getcpy(ak->ak_name);
+					: mh_xstrdup(ak->ak_name);
 				mnfree(np);
 				while (getname(""))
 					continue;
diff --git a/uip/aliasbr.c b/uip/aliasbr.c
index 1ed527f..b00f51b 100644
--- a/uip/aliasbr.c
+++ b/uip/aliasbr.c
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ akresult(struct aka *ak)
 
 	for (ad = ak->ak_addr; ad; ad = ad->ad_next) {
 		pp = ad->ad_local ? akval(ak->ak_next, ad->ad_text)
-			: getcpy(ad->ad_text);
+			: mh_xstrdup(ad->ad_text);
 
 		if (cp) {
 			dp = cp;
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ akval(struct aka *ak, char *s)
 		if (aleq(s, ak->ak_name))
 			return akresult(ak);
 
-	return getcpy(s);
+	return mh_xstrdup(s);
 }
 
 
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ add_aka(struct aka *ak, char *pp)
 			return;
 
 	ad = mh_xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ad));
-	ad->ad_text = getcpy(pp);
+	ad->ad_text = mh_xstrdup(pp);
 	ad->ad_local = strchr(pp, '@') == NULL;
 	ad->ad_next = NULL;
 	if (ak->ak_addr)
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ akalloc(char *id)
 
 	p = mh_xcalloc(1, sizeof(*p));
 
-	p->ak_name = getcpy(id);
+	p->ak_name = mh_xstrdup(id);
 	p->ak_visible = 0;
 	p->ak_addr = NULL;
 	p->ak_next = NULL;
@@ -491,11 +491,11 @@ hmalloc(struct passwd *pw)
 
 	p = mh_xcalloc(1, sizeof(*p));
 
-	p->h_name = getcpy(pw->pw_name);
+	p->h_name = mh_xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
 	p->h_uid = pw->pw_uid;
 	p->h_gid = pw->pw_gid;
-	p->h_home = getcpy(pw->pw_dir);
-	p->h_shell = getcpy(pw->pw_shell);
+	p->h_home = mh_xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
+	p->h_shell = mh_xstrdup(pw->pw_shell);
 	p->h_ngrps = 0;
 	p->h_next = NULL;
 	/* append to end */
diff --git a/uip/anno.c b/uip/anno.c
index 81ad042..9e287be 100644
--- a/uip/anno.c
+++ b/uip/anno.c
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			else
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else if (*cp == '/' || *cp == '.') {
 			if (file)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one file at a time!");
diff --git a/uip/ap.c b/uip/ap.c
index 041abf1..9d35601 100644
--- a/uip/ap.c
+++ b/uip/ap.c
@@ -140,11 +140,11 @@ process(char *arg, int norm)
 	while ((cp = getname(arg))) {
 		p = mh_xcalloc(1, sizeof(*p));
 		if ((mp = getm(cp, NULL, 0, norm, error)) == NULL) {
-			p->pq_text = getcpy(cp);
-			p->pq_error = getcpy(error);
+			p->pq_text = mh_xstrdup(cp);
+			p->pq_error = mh_xstrdup(error);
 			status++;
 		} else {
-			p->pq_text = getcpy(mp->m_text);
+			p->pq_text = mh_xstrdup(mp->m_text);
 			mnfree(mp);
 		}
 		q = (q->pq_next = p);
diff --git a/uip/burst.c b/uip/burst.c
index eb2fb7a..a68420a 100644
--- a/uip/burst.c
+++ b/uip/burst.c
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			else
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else {
 			msgs[msgp++] = cp;
 		}
diff --git a/uip/comp.c b/uip/comp.c
index 159d7e7..c34ce43 100644
--- a/uip/comp.c
+++ b/uip/comp.c
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder) {
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			} else {
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 			}
 		} else {
 			if (msg) {
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		}
 	}
 
-	cwd = getcpy(pwd());
+	cwd = mh_xstrdup(pwd());
 
 	if (form && (folder || msg)) {
 		adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "can't mix forms and folders/msgs");
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		if (mp->numsel > 1) {
 			adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one message at a time!");
 		}
-		if ((in = open(form = getcpy(m_name(mp->lowsel)),
+		if ((in = open(form = mh_xstrdup(m_name(mp->lowsel)),
 				O_RDONLY)) == NOTOK) {
 			adios(EX_IOERR, form, "unable to open message");
 		}
diff --git a/uip/dist.c b/uip/dist.c
index 0710712..d74e498 100644
--- a/uip/dist.c
+++ b/uip/dist.c
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder) {
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			} else {
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 			}
 		} else {
 			if (msg) {
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		}
 	}
 
-	cwd = getcpy(pwd());
+	cwd = mh_xstrdup(pwd());
 
 	strncpy(drft, m_draft(seq_beyond), sizeof(drft));
 	if ((out = creat(drft, m_gmprot())) == NOTOK) {
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one message at a time!");
 	}
 
-	msgnam = getcpy(m_name(mp->lowsel));
+	msgnam = mh_xstrdup(m_name(mp->lowsel));
 	if ((in = open(msgnam, O_RDONLY)) == NOTOK) {
 		adios(EX_IOERR, msgnam, "unable to open message");
 	}
diff --git a/uip/flist.c b/uip/flist.c
index f7e5ba3..63fcb0f 100644
--- a/uip/flist.c
+++ b/uip/flist.c
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				foldersToDo = mh_xrealloc(foldersToDo, maxfolders * sizeof(*foldersToDo));
 			}
 			if (*cp == '+' || *cp == '@') {
-				foldersToDo[numfolders++] = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				foldersToDo[numfolders++] = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 			} else
 				foldersToDo[numfolders++] = cp;
 		}
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		} else {
 			cp = seq_unseen;  /* use default */
 		}
-		dp = getcpy(cp);
+		dp = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 		ap = brkstring(dp, " ", "\n");
 		for (; ap && *ap; ap++) {
 			if (numsequences >= NUMATTRS) {
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ AddFolder(char *name, int force)
 		/* Oops, error occurred.  Record it and continue. */
 		AllocFolders(&folders, &nFoldersAlloced, nFolders + 1);
 		f = &folders[nFolders++];
-		f->name = getcpy(name);
+		f->name = mh_xstrdup(name);
 		f->error = 1;
 		f->priority = AssignPriority(f->name);
 		return 0;
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ AddFolder(char *name, int force)
 		/* save general folder information */
 		AllocFolders(&folders, &nFoldersAlloced, nFolders + 1);
 		f = &folders[nFolders++];
-		f->name = getcpy(name);
+		f->name = mh_xstrdup(name);
 		f->nMsgs = mp->nummsg;
 		f->error = 0;
 		f->priority = AssignPriority(f->name);
diff --git a/uip/folder.c b/uip/folder.c
index c8b3c60..3e3cd76 100644
--- a/uip/folder.c
+++ b/uip/folder.c
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (argfolder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			else
-				argfolder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				argfolder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else {
 			if (msg)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one (current) message at a time!");
@@ -255,13 +255,13 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			/* If no folder is given, the current folder and */
 			/* the top of the folder stack are swapped. */
 			if ((cp = context_find(stack))) {
-				dp = getcpy(cp);
+				dp = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 				ap = brkstring(dp, " ", "\n");
-				argfolder = getcpy(*ap++);
+				argfolder = mh_xstrdup(*ap++);
 			} else {
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "no other folder");
 			}
-			for (cp = getcpy(getcurfol()); *ap; ap++)
+			for (cp = mh_xstrdup(getcurfol()); *ap; ap++)
 				cp = add(*ap, add(" ", cp));
 			mh_free0(&dp);
 			context_replace(stack, cp);  /* update folder stack */
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			/* update folder stack */
 			context_replace(stack, (cp = context_find (stack)) ?
 					concat(getcurfol(), " ", cp, NULL) :
-					getcpy(getcurfol()));
+					mh_xstrdup(getcurfol()));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -278,15 +278,15 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		if (argfolder)
 			adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "sorry, no folders allowed with -pop");
 		if ((cp = context_find(stack))) {
-			dp = getcpy(cp);
+			dp = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 			ap = brkstring(dp, " ", "\n");
-			argfolder = getcpy(*ap++);
+			argfolder = mh_xstrdup(*ap++);
 		} else {
 			adios(EX_DATAERR, NULL, "folder stack empty");
 		}
 		if (*ap) {
 			/* if there's anything left in the stack */
-			cp = getcpy(*ap++);
+			cp = mh_xstrdup(*ap++);
 			for (; *ap; ap++)
 				cp = add(*ap, add(" ", cp));
 			context_replace(stack, cp);  /* update folder stack */
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if (listsw) {
 		printf("%s", argfolder ? argfolder : getcurfol());
 		if ((cp = context_find(stack))) {
-			dp = getcpy(cp);
+			dp = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 			for (ap = brkstring(dp, " ", "\n"); *ap; ap++)
 				printf(" %s", *ap);
 			mh_free0(&dp);
diff --git a/uip/forw.c b/uip/forw.c
index 5b577bd..d8d69f7 100644
--- a/uip/forw.c
+++ b/uip/forw.c
@@ -153,13 +153,13 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			else
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else {
 			msgs[msgp++] = cp;
 		}
 	}
 
-	cwd = getcpy(pwd());
+	cwd = mh_xstrdup(pwd());
 	strncpy(drft, buildsw ? toabsdir("draft") : m_draft(seq_beyond),
 			sizeof(drft));
 	/*
@@ -233,10 +233,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if (digest) {
 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), IFORMAT, digest);
 		snprintf(value, sizeof(value), "%d", issue);
-		context_replace(buf, getcpy(value));
+		context_replace(buf, mh_xstrdup(value));
 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), VFORMAT, digest);
 		snprintf(value, sizeof(value), "%d", volume);
-		context_replace(buf, getcpy(value));
+		context_replace(buf, mh_xstrdup(value));
 	}
 
 	context_replace(curfolder, folder); /* update current folder */
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ build_form(char *form, char *digest, int volume, int issue)
 		cptr->c_text = digest;
 	FINDCOMP(cptr, "date");
 	if (cptr)
-		cptr->c_text = getcpy(dtimenow());
+		cptr->c_text = mh_xstrdup(dtimenow());
 
 	dat[0] = issue;
 	dat[1] = volume;
diff --git a/uip/inc.c b/uip/inc.c
index cbbec1b..1523a2c 100644
--- a/uip/inc.c
+++ b/uip/inc.c
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			case AUDSW:
 				if (!(cp = *argp++) || *cp == '-')
 					adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "missing argument to %s", argp[-2]);
-				audfile = getcpy(expanddir(cp));
+				audfile = mh_xstrdup(expanddir(cp));
 				continue;
 			case NAUDSW:
 				audfile = NULL;
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				if (!(cp = *argp++) || *cp == '-')
 					adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "missing argument to %s",
 							argp[-2]);
-				from = getcpy(expanddir(cp));
+				from = mh_xstrdup(expanddir(cp));
 
 				/*
 				** If the truncate file is in default state,
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			else
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else {
 			adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "usage: %s [+folder] [switches]",
 					invo_name);
diff --git a/uip/mark.c b/uip/mark.c
index a6ac480..1e57d1c 100644
--- a/uip/mark.c
+++ b/uip/mark.c
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder) {
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			} else {
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 			}
 		} else {
 			app_msgarg(&msgs, cp);
diff --git a/uip/mhbuild.c b/uip/mhbuild.c
index 4ff06ef..0f77f33 100644
--- a/uip/mhbuild.c
+++ b/uip/mhbuild.c
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if ((cp = context_find(nmhstorage)) && *cp)
 		tmp = concat(cp, "/", invo_name, NULL);
 	else
-		tmp = getcpy(toabsdir(invo_name));
+		tmp = mh_xstrdup(toabsdir(invo_name));
 
 	/* Check if we have a file to process */
 	if (!compfile)
@@ -370,8 +370,8 @@ build_mime(char *infile)
 			}
 
 			/* get copies of the buffers */
-			np = getcpy(name);
-			vp = getcpy(buf);
+			np = mh_xstrdup(name);
+			vp = mh_xstrdup(buf);
 
 			/* if necessary, get rest of field */
 			while (state == FLDPLUS) {
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ build_mime(char *infile)
 	** Now add the MIME-Version header field
 	** to the list of header fields.
 	*/
-	np = getcpy(VRSN_FIELD);
+	np = mh_xstrdup(VRSN_FIELD);
 	vp = concat(" ", VRSN_VALUE, "\n", NULL);
 	add_header(ct, np, vp);
 
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ build_mime(char *infile)
 	}
 	ct->c_type = CT_MULTIPART;
 	ct->c_subtype = MULTI_MIXED;
-	ct->c_file = getcpy(infile);
+	ct->c_file = mh_xstrdup(infile);
 
 	m = mh_xcalloc(1, sizeof(*m));
 	ct->c_ctparams = (void *) m;
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ user_content(FILE *in, char *file, char *buf, CT *ctp)
 			adios(EX_CANTCREAT, "mhbuild", "unable to create temporary file");
 
 		/* use a temp file to collect the plain text lines */
-		ce->ce_file = getcpy(cp);
+		ce->ce_file = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 		ce->ce_unlink = 1;
 
 		if (buf[0] == '#' && buf[1] == '<') {
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ use_forw:
 					continue;
 				if (!*cp)
 					adios(EX_DATAERR, NULL, "empty pipe command for #%s directive", ci->ci_type);
-				cp = getcpy(cp);
+				cp = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 				mh_free0(&(ci->ci_magic));
 				ci->ci_magic = cp;
 			} else {
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ use_forw:
 				exit(EX_CONFIG);
 			}
 		}
-		ci->ci_magic = getcpy(cp);
+		ci->ci_magic = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 		return OK;
 	}
 
@@ -869,13 +869,13 @@ use_forw:
 				if (folder)
 					adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder per #forw directive");
 				else
-					folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+					folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 			}
 		}
 
 		/* else, use the current folder */
 		if (!folder)
-			folder = getcpy(getcurfol());
+			folder = mh_xstrdup(getcurfol());
 
 		if (!(mp = folder_read(folder)))
 			adios(EX_IOERR, NULL, "unable to read folder %s", folder);
@@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ use_forw:
 					snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
 							"%s/%d", mp->foldpath,
 							msgnum);
-					pe->ce_file = getcpy(buffer);
+					pe->ce_file = mh_xstrdup(buffer);
 
 					part = mh_xcalloc(1, sizeof(*part));
 					*pp = part;
@@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ use_forw:
 			msgnum = mp->lowsel;
 			snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s/%d",
 					mp->foldpath, msgnum);
-			ce->ce_file = getcpy(buffer);
+			ce->ce_file = mh_xstrdup(buffer);
 		}
 
 		folder_free(mp);  /* free folder/message structure */
@@ -1030,10 +1030,10 @@ set_id(CT ct, int top)
 		snprintf(msgid, sizeof(msgid), "<%d.%ld.%%d@%s>\n",
 				(int) getpid(), (long) clock, LocalName());
 		partno = 0;
-		msgfmt = getcpy(msgid);
+		msgfmt = mh_xstrdup(msgid);
 	}
 	snprintf(msgid, sizeof(msgid), msgfmt, top ? 0 : ++partno);
-	ct->c_id = getcpy(msgid);
+	ct->c_id = mh_xstrdup(msgid);
 }
 
 
@@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ compose_content(CT ct)
 			CT p = part->mp_part;
 
 			sprintf(pp, "%d", partnum);
-			p->c_partno = getcpy(partnam);
+			p->c_partno = mh_xstrdup(partnam);
 			if (compose_content(p) == NOTOK)
 				return NOTOK;
 		}
@@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@ compose_content(CT ct)
 			if (tfile == NULL) {
 				adios(EX_CANTCREAT, "mhbuild", "unable to create temporary file");
 			}
-			ce->ce_file = getcpy(tfile);
+			ce->ce_file = mh_xstrdup(tfile);
 			ce->ce_unlink = 1;
 
 			xstdout = 0;
@@ -1389,7 +1389,7 @@ scan_content(CT ct)
 						NULL);
 			} else {
 				t->tx_charset = CHARSET_USASCII;
-				*ap = getcpy("charset=us-ascii");
+				*ap = mh_xstrdup("charset=us-ascii");
 			}
 
 			cp = strchr(*ap++, '=');
@@ -1451,7 +1451,7 @@ build_headers(CT ct)
 		ep = ci->ci_values;
 		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "boundary=%s%d",
 				prefix, level++);
-		cp = strchr(*ap++ = getcpy(buffer), '=');
+		cp = strchr(*ap++ = mh_xstrdup(buffer), '=');
 		*ap = NULL;
 		*cp++ = '\0';
 		*ep = cp;
@@ -1460,7 +1460,7 @@ build_headers(CT ct)
 	/*
 	** output the content type and subtype
 	*/
-	np = getcpy(TYPE_FIELD);
+	np = mh_xstrdup(TYPE_FIELD);
 	vp = concat(" ", ci->ci_type, "/", ci->ci_subtype, NULL);
 
 	/* keep track of length of line */
@@ -1510,7 +1510,7 @@ build_headers(CT ct)
 	** output the Content-ID
 	*/
 	if (ct->c_id) {
-		np = getcpy(ID_FIELD);
+		np = mh_xstrdup(ID_FIELD);
 		vp = concat(" ", ct->c_id, NULL);
 		add_header(ct, np, vp);
 	}
@@ -1519,7 +1519,7 @@ build_headers(CT ct)
 	** output the Content-Description
 	*/
 	if (ct->c_descr) {
-		np = getcpy(DESCR_FIELD);
+		np = mh_xstrdup(DESCR_FIELD);
 		vp = concat(" ", ct->c_descr, NULL);
 		if (encode_rfc2047(DESCR_FIELD, &vp, NULL)) {
 			adios(EX_DATAERR, NULL, "Unable to encode %s header", DESCR_FIELD);
@@ -1531,7 +1531,7 @@ build_headers(CT ct)
 	** output the Content-Disposition
 	*/
 	if (ct->c_dispo) {
-		np = getcpy(DISPO_FIELD);
+		np = mh_xstrdup(DISPO_FIELD);
 		vp = concat(" ", ct->c_dispo, NULL);
 		add_header(ct, np, vp);
 	}
@@ -1548,7 +1548,7 @@ build_headers(CT ct)
 		if (ct->c_type == CT_MESSAGE)
 			adios(EX_DATAERR, NULL, "internal error, invalid encoding");
 
-		np = getcpy(ENCODING_FIELD);
+		np = mh_xstrdup(ENCODING_FIELD);
 		vp = concat(" ", "8bit", "\n", NULL);
 		add_header(ct, np, vp);
 		break;
@@ -1557,7 +1557,7 @@ build_headers(CT ct)
 		if (ct->c_type == CT_MESSAGE || ct->c_type == CT_MULTIPART)
 			adios(EX_DATAERR, NULL, "internal error, invalid encoding");
 
-		np = getcpy(ENCODING_FIELD);
+		np = mh_xstrdup(ENCODING_FIELD);
 		vp = concat(" ", "quoted-printable", "\n", NULL);
 		add_header(ct, np, vp);
 		break;
@@ -1566,7 +1566,7 @@ build_headers(CT ct)
 		if (ct->c_type == CT_MESSAGE || ct->c_type == CT_MULTIPART)
 			adios(EX_DATAERR, NULL, "internal error, invalid encoding");
 
-		np = getcpy(ENCODING_FIELD);
+		np = mh_xstrdup(ENCODING_FIELD);
 		vp = concat(" ", "base64", "\n", NULL);
 		add_header(ct, np, vp);
 		break;
@@ -1575,7 +1575,7 @@ build_headers(CT ct)
 		if (ct->c_type == CT_MESSAGE)
 			adios(EX_DATAERR, NULL, "internal error, invalid encoding");
 
-		np = getcpy(ENCODING_FIELD);
+		np = mh_xstrdup(ENCODING_FIELD);
 		vp = concat(" ", "binary", "\n", NULL);
 		add_header(ct, np, vp);
 		break;
diff --git a/uip/mhl.c b/uip/mhl.c
index ddf32ec..e4e8dbf 100644
--- a/uip/mhl.c
+++ b/uip/mhl.c
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ mhl_format(char *file, int width)
 				int n = 0;
 
 				/* split the fields */
-				tmparray = brkstring(getcpy(++parptr), ",",
+				tmparray = brkstring(mh_xstrdup(++parptr), ",",
 						NULL);
 				/*
 				** copy pointers to split fields
@@ -400,10 +400,10 @@ mhl_format(char *file, int width)
 			if (!c1->c_fstr && global.c_fstr) {
 				if ((c1->c_flags & DATEFMT) &&
 						(global.c_flags & DATEFMT)) {
-					c1->c_fstr = getcpy(global.c_fstr);
+					c1->c_fstr = mh_xstrdup(global.c_fstr);
 				} else if ((c1->c_flags & ADDRFMT) &&
 						(global.c_flags & ADDRFMT)) {
-					c1->c_fstr = getcpy(global.c_fstr);
+					c1->c_fstr = mh_xstrdup(global.c_fstr);
 				}
 			}
 			continue;
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ evalvar(struct mcomp *c1)
 		cp = concat("=", cp, NULL);
 		fmtstr = new_fs(cp, NULL);
 		mh_free0(&cp);
-		c1->c_fstr = getcpy(fmtstr);
+		c1->c_fstr = mh_xstrdup(fmtstr);
 		c1->c_flags |= FORMAT;
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ evalvar(struct mcomp *c1)
 		char *fmtstr;
 
 		fmtstr = new_fs("=%(decode{text})", NULL);
-		c1->c_fstr = getcpy(fmtstr);
+		c1->c_fstr = mh_xstrdup(fmtstr);
 		c1->c_flags |= FORMAT;
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ ptos(char *name, char **s)
 	}
 	c = *parptr;
 	*parptr = 0;
-	*s = getcpy(cp);
+	*s = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 	if ((*parptr = c) == '"')
 		parptr++;
 	return 0;
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ mcomp_format(struct mcomp *c1, struct mcomp *c2)
 
 		fmt_scan(c1->c_fmt, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1, dat);
 		/* Don't need to append a newline, dctime() already did */
-		c2->c_text = getcpy(buffer);
+		c2->c_text = mh_xstrdup(buffer);
 
 		mh_free0(&ap);
 		return;
@@ -780,10 +780,10 @@ mcomp_format(struct mcomp *c1, struct mcomp *c2)
 		p = mh_xcalloc(1, sizeof(*p));
 
 		if ((mp = getm(cp, NULL, 0, AD_NAME, error)) == NULL) {
-			p->pq_text = getcpy(cp);
-			p->pq_error = getcpy(error);
+			p->pq_text = mh_xstrdup(cp);
+			p->pq_error = mh_xstrdup(error);
 		} else {
-			p->pq_text = getcpy(mp->m_text);
+			p->pq_text = mh_xstrdup(mp->m_text);
 			mnfree(mp);
 		}
 		q = (q->pq_next = p);
@@ -827,12 +827,12 @@ add_queue(struct mcomp **head, struct mcomp **tail, char *name,
 	c1 = mh_xcalloc(1, sizeof(*c1));
 
 	c1->c_flags = flags & ~INIT;
-	if ((c1->c_name = name ? getcpy(name) : NULL))
+	if ((c1->c_name = name ? mh_xstrdup(name) : NULL))
 		c1->c_flags |= mcomp_flags(c1->c_name);
-	c1->c_text = text ? getcpy(text) : NULL;
+	c1->c_text = text ? mh_xstrdup(text) : NULL;
 	if (flags & INIT) {
 		if (global.c_ovtxt)
-			c1->c_ovtxt = getcpy(global.c_ovtxt);
+			c1->c_ovtxt = mh_xstrdup(global.c_ovtxt);
 		c1->c_offset = global.c_offset;
 		c1->c_ovoff = global. c_ovoff;
 		c1->c_width = 0;
diff --git a/uip/mhlist.c b/uip/mhlist.c
index 72dc9ed..c9194cc 100644
--- a/uip/mhlist.c
+++ b/uip/mhlist.c
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				if (!(cp = *argp++) || (*cp == '-' && cp[1]))
 					adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "missing argument to %s",
 							argp[-2]);
-				file = *cp == '-' ? cp : getcpy(expanddir(cp));
+				file = *cp == '-' ? cp : mh_xstrdup(expanddir(cp));
 				continue;
 
 			case VERBSW:
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			else
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else
 			app_msgarg(&msgs, cp);
 	}
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if ((cp = context_find(nmhstorage)) && *cp)
 		tmp = concat(cp, "/", invo_name, NULL);
 	else
-		tmp = getcpy(toabsdir(invo_name));
+		tmp = mh_xstrdup(toabsdir(invo_name));
 
 	if (file && msgs.size)
 		adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "cannot specify msg and file at same time!");
diff --git a/uip/mhlistsbr.c b/uip/mhlistsbr.c
index 46b0d4c..dd6264b 100644
--- a/uip/mhlistsbr.c
+++ b/uip/mhlistsbr.c
@@ -174,8 +174,7 @@ list_content(CT ct, int toplevel, int verbose, int debug)
 	/* print Content-Description */
 	if (ct->c_descr) {
 		char *dp;
-
-		dp = trimcpy(cp = getcpy(ct->c_descr));
+		dp = trimcpy(cp = mh_xstrdup(ct->c_descr));
 		mh_free0(&cp);
 		printf(LSTFMT2d1, dp);
 		mh_free0(&dp);
diff --git a/uip/mhmail.c b/uip/mhmail.c
index 1515858..06630b3 100644
--- a/uip/mhmail.c
+++ b/uip/mhmail.c
@@ -107,10 +107,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		}
 		if (iscc)
 			cclist = cclist ? add(cp, add(", ", cclist)) :
-					getcpy(cp);
+					mh_xstrdup(cp);
 		else
 			tolist = tolist ? add(cp, add(", ", tolist)) :
-					getcpy(cp);
+					mh_xstrdup(cp);
 	}
 
 	if (tolist == NULL)
diff --git a/uip/mhparse.c b/uip/mhparse.c
index f04a348..1df0d8f 100644
--- a/uip/mhparse.c
+++ b/uip/mhparse.c
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ parse_mime(char *file)
 			advise("mhparse", "unable to create temporary file");
 			return NULL;
 		}
-		file = getcpy(tfile);
+		file = mh_xstrdup(tfile);
 		chmod(file, 0600);
 
 		while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin))
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ get_content(FILE *in, char *file, int toplevel)
 	ct = mh_xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ct));
 
 	ct->c_fp = in;
-	ct->c_file = getcpy(file);
+	ct->c_file = mh_xstrdup(file);
 	ct->c_begin = ftell(ct->c_fp) + 1;
 
 	/*
@@ -255,8 +255,8 @@ get_content(FILE *in, char *file, int toplevel)
 			compnum++;
 
 			/* get copies of the buffers */
-			np = getcpy(name);
-			vp = getcpy(buf);
+			np = mh_xstrdup(name);
+			vp = mh_xstrdup(buf);
 
 			/* if necessary, get rest of field */
 			while (state == FLDPLUS) {
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ get_content(FILE *in, char *file, int toplevel)
 				advise(NULL, "message %s has multiple %s: fields", ct->c_file, VRSN_FIELD);
 				goto next_header;
 			}
-			ct->c_vrsn = getcpy(hp->value);
+			ct->c_vrsn = mh_xstrdup(hp->value);
 
 			/* Now, cleanup this field */
 			cp = ct->c_vrsn;
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ get_content(FILE *in, char *file, int toplevel)
 			}
 
 			/* get copy of this field */
-			ct->c_celine = cp = getcpy(hp->value);
+			ct->c_celine = cp = mh_xstrdup(hp->value);
 
 			while (isspace(*cp))
 				cp++;
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ incl_name_value(unsigned char *buf, char *name, char *value) {
 			** Insert at first semicolon, if any.
 			** If none, append to end.
 			*/
-			prefix = getcpy(buf);
+			prefix = mh_xstrdup(buf);
 			if ((cp = strchr(prefix, ';'))) {
 				suffix = concat(cp, NULL);
 				*cp = '\0';
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ get_ctinfo(unsigned char *cp, CT ct, int magic)
 	i = strlen(invo_name) + 2;
 
 	/* store copy of Content-Type line */
-	cp = ct->c_ctline = getcpy(cp);
+	cp = ct->c_ctline = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 
 	while (isspace(*cp))  /* trim leading spaces */
 		cp++;
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ get_ctinfo(unsigned char *cp, CT ct, int magic)
 	for (dp = cp; istoken(*dp); dp++)
 		continue;
 	c = *dp, *dp = '\0';
-	ci->ci_type = getcpy(cp);  /* store content type */
+	ci->ci_type = strdup(cp);  /* store content type */
 	*dp = c, cp = dp;
 
 	if (!*ci->ci_type) {
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ get_ctinfo(unsigned char *cp, CT ct, int magic)
 
 	if (*cp != '/') {
 		if (!magic)
-			ci->ci_subtype = getcpy("");
+			ci->ci_subtype = mh_xstrdup("");
 		goto magic_skip;
 	}
 
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ get_ctinfo(unsigned char *cp, CT ct, int magic)
 	for (dp = cp; istoken(*dp); dp++)
 		continue;
 	c = *dp, *dp = '\0';
-	ci->ci_subtype = getcpy(cp);  /* store the content subtype */
+	ci->ci_subtype = strdup(cp);  /* store the content subtype */
 	*dp = c, cp = dp;
 
 	if (!*ci->ci_subtype) {
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ magic_skip:
 			return NOTOK;
 		}
 
-		vp = (*ap = getcpy(cp)) + (up - cp);
+		vp = (*ap = mh_xstrdup(cp)) + (up - cp);
 		*vp = '\0';
 		for (dp++; isspace(*dp);)
 			dp++;
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ bad_quote:
 	*/
 	if (*cp) {
 		if (magic) {
-			ci->ci_magic = getcpy(cp);
+			ci->ci_magic = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 
 			/*
 			** If there is a Content-Disposition header and
@@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ invalid:
 			ci->ci_comment = concat(dp, " ", buffer, NULL);
 			mh_free0(&dp);
 		} else {
-			ci->ci_comment = getcpy(buffer);
+			ci->ci_comment = mh_xstrdup(buffer);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ InitText(CT ct)
 	/* check if content specified a character set */
 	if (*ap) {
 		/* store its name */
-		ct->c_charset = getcpy(norm_charmap(*ep));
+		ct->c_charset = mh_xstrdup(norm_charmap(*ep));
 		/* match character set or set to CHARSET_UNKNOWN */
 		for (kv = Charset; kv->kv_key; kv++) {
 			if (!mh_strcasecmp(*ep, kv->kv_key)) {
@@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@ last_part:
 			p = part->mp_part;
 
 			sprintf(pp, "%d", partnum);
-			p->c_partno = getcpy(partnam);
+			p->c_partno = mh_xstrdup(partnam);
 
 			/* initialize the content of the subparts */
 			if (p->c_ctinitfnx && (*p->c_ctinitfnx) (p) == NOTOK) {
@@ -1278,7 +1278,7 @@ InitMessage(CT ct)
 		*/
 		for (ap = ci->ci_attrs, ep = ci->ci_values; *ap; ap++, ep++) {
 			if (!mh_strcasecmp(*ap, "id")) {
-				p->pm_partid = getcpy(*ep);
+				p->pm_partid = mh_xstrdup(*ep);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!mh_strcasecmp(*ap, "number")) {
@@ -1511,10 +1511,10 @@ openBase64(CT ct, char **file)
 	}
 
 	if (*file == NULL) {
-		ce->ce_file = getcpy(m_mktemp(tmp, NULL, NULL));
+		ce->ce_file = mh_xstrdup(m_mktemp(tmp, NULL, NULL));
 		ce->ce_unlink = 1;
 	} else {
-		ce->ce_file = getcpy(*file);
+		ce->ce_file = mh_xstrdup(*file);
 		ce->ce_unlink = 0;
 	}
 
@@ -1534,7 +1534,7 @@ openBase64(CT ct, char **file)
 			** Temporary file already exists, so we rename to
 			** version with extension.
 			*/
-			char *file_org = strdup(ce->ce_file);
+			char *file_org = mh_xstrdup(ce->ce_file);
 			ce->ce_file = add(cp, ce->ce_file);
 			if (rename(file_org, ce->ce_file)) {
 				adios(EX_IOERR, ce->ce_file, "unable to rename %s to ",
@@ -1722,10 +1722,10 @@ openQuoted(CT ct, char **file)
 	}
 
 	if (*file == NULL) {
-		ce->ce_file = getcpy(m_mktemp(tmp, NULL, NULL));
+		ce->ce_file = mh_xstrdup(m_mktemp(tmp, NULL, NULL));
 		ce->ce_unlink = 1;
 	} else {
-		ce->ce_file = getcpy(*file);
+		ce->ce_file = mh_xstrdup(*file);
 		ce->ce_unlink = 0;
 	}
 
@@ -1745,7 +1745,7 @@ openQuoted(CT ct, char **file)
 			** Temporary file already exists, so we rename to
 			** version with extension.
 			*/
-			char *file_org = strdup(ce->ce_file);
+			char *file_org = mh_xstrdup(ce->ce_file);
 			ce->ce_file = add(cp, ce->ce_file);
 			if (rename(file_org, ce->ce_file)) {
 				adios(EX_IOERR, ce->ce_file, "unable to rename %s to ",
@@ -1939,10 +1939,10 @@ open7Bit(CT ct, char **file)
 	}
 
 	if (*file == NULL) {
-		ce->ce_file = getcpy(m_mktemp(tmp, NULL, NULL));
+		ce->ce_file = mh_xstrdup(m_mktemp(tmp, NULL, NULL));
 		ce->ce_unlink = 1;
 	} else {
-		ce->ce_file = getcpy(*file);
+		ce->ce_file = mh_xstrdup(*file);
 		ce->ce_unlink = 0;
 	}
 
@@ -1962,7 +1962,7 @@ open7Bit(CT ct, char **file)
 			** Temporary file already exists, so we rename to
 			** version with extension.
 			*/
-			char *file_org = strdup(ce->ce_file);
+			char *file_org = mh_xstrdup(ce->ce_file);
 			ce->ce_file = add(cp, ce->ce_file);
 			if (rename(file_org, ce->ce_file)) {
 				adios(EX_IOERR, ce->ce_file, "unable to rename %s to ",
diff --git a/uip/mhpath.c b/uip/mhpath.c
index c400fa6..aa63f4d 100644
--- a/uip/mhpath.c
+++ b/uip/mhpath.c
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder) {
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			} else {
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 			}
 		} else {
 			app_msgarg(&msgs, cp);
diff --git a/uip/mhshow.c b/uip/mhshow.c
index dc5c202..e39bf65 100644
--- a/uip/mhshow.c
+++ b/uip/mhshow.c
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				if (!(cp = *argp++) || (*cp == '-' && cp[1]))
 					adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "missing argument to %s",
 							argp[-2]);
-				file = *cp == '-' ? cp : getcpy(expanddir(cp));
+				file = *cp == '-' ? cp : mh_xstrdup(expanddir(cp));
 				continue;
 
 			case FORMSW:
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 							argp[-2]);
 				if (formsw)
 					mh_free0(&formsw);
-				formsw = getcpy(etcpath(cp));
+				formsw = mh_xstrdup(etcpath(cp));
 				continue;
 
 			case VERBSW:
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			else
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else if (mode != SHOW) {
 			adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "Either call show as `%s' or give message arguments", invo_name);
 		} else {
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if ((cp = context_find(nmhstorage)) && *cp)
 		tmp = concat(cp, "/", invo_name, NULL);
 	else
-		tmp = getcpy(toabsdir(invo_name));
+		tmp = mh_xstrdup(toabsdir(invo_name));
 
 	if (file && msgs.size)
 		adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "cannot specify msg and file at same time!");
diff --git a/uip/mhshowsbr.c b/uip/mhshowsbr.c
index 6298869..c7923c8 100644
--- a/uip/mhshowsbr.c
+++ b/uip/mhshowsbr.c
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ show_all_messages(CT *cts)
 	** for showing headers of MIME messages.
 	*/
 	if (!formsw)
-		formsw = getcpy(etcpath("mhl.headers"));
+		formsw = mh_xstrdup(etcpath("mhl.headers"));
 
 	/*
 	** If form is "mhl.null", suppress display of header.
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ show_text(CT ct, int alternate)
 		} else {
 			snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%%lcat");
 		}
-		ct->c_showproc = getcpy(buffer);
+		ct->c_showproc = mh_xstrdup(buffer);
 		return show_content_aux(ct, alternate, ct->c_showproc, NULL);
 	}
 
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ show_multi_aux(CT ct, int alternate, char *cp)
 				return NOTOK;
 
 			/* I'm not sure if this is necessary? */
-			p->c_storage = getcpy(file);
+			p->c_storage = mh_xstrdup(file);
 
 			if (p->c_showproc && strcmp(p->c_showproc, "true")==0)
 				return (alternate ? DONE : OK);
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ show_message_rfc822(CT ct, int alternate)
 
 	/* default method for message/rfc822 */
 	if (ct->c_subtype == MESSAGE_RFC822) {
-		cp = (ct->c_showproc = getcpy("%lshow -file %F"));
+		cp = (ct->c_showproc = mh_xstrdup("%lshow -file %F"));
 		return show_content_aux(ct, alternate, cp, NULL);
 	}
 
diff --git a/uip/mhstore.c b/uip/mhstore.c
index 4f84570..adaca77 100644
--- a/uip/mhstore.c
+++ b/uip/mhstore.c
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				if (!(cp = *argp++) || (*cp == '-' && cp[1]))
 					adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "missing argument to %s",
 							argp[-2]);
-				file = *cp == '-' ? cp : getcpy(expanddir(cp));
+				file = *cp == '-' ? cp : mh_xstrdup(expanddir(cp));
 				continue;
 
 			case DEBUGSW:
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			else
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else
 			app_msgarg(&msgs, cp);
 	}
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	/*
 	** Cache the current directory before we do any chdirs()'s.
 	*/
-	cwd = getcpy(pwd());
+	cwd = mh_xstrdup(pwd());
 
 	/*
 	** Check for storage directory.  If specified,
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if ((cp = context_find(nmhstorage)) && *cp)
 		tmp = concat(cp, "/", invo_name, NULL);
 	else
-		tmp = getcpy(toabsdir(invo_name));
+		tmp = mh_xstrdup(toabsdir(invo_name));
 
 	if (file && msgs.size)
 		adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "cannot specify msg and file at same time!");
@@ -382,9 +382,9 @@ store_all_messages(CT *cts)
 	** store any contents.
 	*/
 	if ((cp = context_find(nmhstorage)) && *cp)
-		dir = getcpy(cp);
+		dir = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 	else
-		dir = getcpy(cwd);
+		dir = mh_xstrdup(cwd);
 
 	for (ctp = cts; *ctp; ctp++) {
 		ct = *ctp;
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ store_generic(CT ct)
 			if (*cp && *cp!='.' && *cp!='|' && *cp!='!' &&
 					!strchr(cp, '%')) {
 				/* filename looks good: use it */
-				ct->c_storeproc = getcpy(cp);
+				ct->c_storeproc = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 			}
 			break;
 		}
@@ -728,11 +728,11 @@ store_content(CT ct, CT p)
 		*/
 		if (p) {
 			appending = 1;
-			ct->c_storage = getcpy(p->c_storage);
+			ct->c_storage = mh_xstrdup(p->c_storage);
 
 			/* record the folder name */
 			if (p->c_folder) {
-				ct->c_folder = getcpy(p->c_folder);
+				ct->c_folder = mh_xstrdup(p->c_folder);
 			}
 			goto got_filename;
 		}
@@ -772,11 +772,11 @@ store_content(CT ct, CT p)
 
 		/* Store content in temporary file for now */
 		tmpfilenam = m_mktemp(invo_name, NULL, NULL);
-		ct->c_storage = getcpy(tmpfilenam);
+		ct->c_storage = mh_xstrdup(tmpfilenam);
 
 		/* Get the folder name */
 		if (cp[1])
-			folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+			folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		else
 			folder = getcurfol();
 
@@ -784,7 +784,7 @@ store_content(CT ct, CT p)
 		create_folder(toabsdir(folder), 0, exit);
 
 		/* Record the folder name */
-		ct->c_folder = getcpy(folder);
+		ct->c_folder = mh_xstrdup(folder);
 
 		if (cp[1])
 			mh_free0(&folder);
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ store_content(CT ct, CT p)
 		return show_content_aux(ct, 0, buffer + 1, dir);
 
 	/* record the filename */
-	ct->c_storage = getcpy(buffer);
+	ct->c_storage = mh_xstrdup(buffer);
 
 got_filename:
 	/* flush the output stream */
diff --git a/uip/mhtest.c b/uip/mhtest.c
index 0fa9741..cecf2ee 100644
--- a/uip/mhtest.c
+++ b/uip/mhtest.c
@@ -153,14 +153,14 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				if (!(cp = *argp++) || (*cp == '-' && cp[1]))
 					adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "missing argument to %s",
 							argp[-2]);
-				file = *cp == '-' ? cp : getcpy(expanddir(cp));
+				file = *cp == '-' ? cp : mh_xstrdup(expanddir(cp));
 				continue;
 
 			case OUTFILESW:
 				if (!(cp = *argp++) || (*cp == '-' && cp[1]))
 					adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "missing argument to %s",
 							argp[-2]);
-				outfile = *cp == '-' ? cp : getcpy(expanddir(cp));
+				outfile = *cp == '-' ? cp : mh_xstrdup(expanddir(cp));
 				continue;
 
 			case VERBSW:
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			else
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else
 			app_msgarg(&msgs, cp);
 	}
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if ((cp = context_find(nmhstorage)) && *cp)
 		tmp = concat(cp, "/", invo_name, NULL);
 	else
-		tmp = getcpy(toabsdir(invo_name));
+		tmp = mh_xstrdup(toabsdir(invo_name));
 
 	if (file && msgs.size)
 		adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "cannot specify msg and file at same time!");
diff --git a/uip/new.c b/uip/new.c
index 25ee492..5bc7136 100644
--- a/uip/new.c
+++ b/uip/new.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ count_messages(char *field)
 	int j, k;
 	char *cp, **ap;
 
-	field = getcpy(field);
+	field = mh_xstrdup(field);
 
 	/* copied from seq_read.c:seq_init */
 	for (ap = brkstring(field, " ", "\n"); *ap; ap++) {
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ get_msgnums(char *folder, char *sequences[])
 		case FLD:
 		case FLDPLUS:
 			if (state == FLDPLUS) {
-				cp = getcpy(field);
+				cp = mh_xstrdup(field);
 				while (state == FLDPLUS) {
 					state = m_getfld(state, name, field,
 							sizeof(field), fp);
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ check_folders(struct node **first, struct node **last,
 		while (vfgets(fp, &line) == OK) {
 			len = strlen(line) - 1;
 			line[len] = '\0';
-			check_folder(getcpy(line), len, &b);
+			check_folder(mh_xstrdup(line), len, &b);
 		}
 		fclose(fp);
 	}
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		} else {
 			unseen = seq_unseen;  /* use default */
 		}
-		dp = getcpy(unseen);
+		dp = mh_xstrdup(unseen);
 		for (ap = brkstring(dp, " ", "\n"); *ap; ap++) {
 			sequences[i++] = *ap;
 		}
diff --git a/uip/packf.c b/uip/packf.c
index c81db88..a8c2c42 100644
--- a/uip/packf.c
+++ b/uip/packf.c
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		if (*cp == '+' || *cp == '@') {
 			if (folder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
-			folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+			folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else
 			app_msgarg(&msgs, cp);
 	}
diff --git a/uip/pick.c b/uip/pick.c
index 0465ef5..1df59b1 100644
--- a/uip/pick.c
+++ b/uip/pick.c
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			else
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else
 			app_msgarg(&msgs, cp);
 	}
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ pattern: ;
 			padvise(NULL, "pattern error in %s %s", argp[-2], cp);
 			return NULL;
 		}
-		n->n_patbuf = getcpy(dp);
+		n->n_patbuf = mh_xstrdup(dp);
 		return n;
 
 	case PROTHR:
@@ -1254,7 +1254,7 @@ plist
 			if (bp != NULL) {
 				mh_free0(&bp);
 			}
-			bp = getcpy(buf);
+			bp = mh_xstrdup(buf);
 			while (state == FLDPLUS) {
 				state = m_getfld(state, name, buf,
 						sizeof buf, fp);
diff --git a/uip/rcvdist.c b/uip/rcvdist.c
index e3c38cd..f3caa50 100644
--- a/uip/rcvdist.c
+++ b/uip/rcvdist.c
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				continue;
 			}
 		}
-		addrs = addrs ? add(cp, add(", ", addrs)) : getcpy(cp);
+		addrs = addrs ? add(cp, add(", ", addrs)) : mh_xstrdup(cp);
 	}
 
 	if (!addrs) {
diff --git a/uip/rcvstore.c b/uip/rcvstore.c
index 9c84270..5fd9ae0 100644
--- a/uip/rcvstore.c
+++ b/uip/rcvstore.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 */
 
 #include <h/mh.h>
+#include <h/utils.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <h/signals.h>
 #include <errno.h>
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			else
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else {
 			adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "usage: %s [+folder] [switches]",
 					invo_name);
diff --git a/uip/refile.c b/uip/refile.c
index ab5d55f..e75deb9 100644
--- a/uip/refile.c
+++ b/uip/refile.c
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				if (!(cp = *argp++) || *cp == '-')
 					adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "missing argument to %s",
 							argp[-2]);
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 				continue;
 			case FILESW:
 				if (filep > NFOLDERS)
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				if (!(cp = *argp++) || *cp == '-')
 					adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "missing argument to %s",
 							argp[-2]);
-				files[filep++] = getcpy(expanddir(cp));
+				files[filep++] = mh_xstrdup(expanddir(cp));
 				continue;
 			}
 		}
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (foldp > NFOLDERS)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only %d folders allowed!",
 						NFOLDERS);
-			folders[foldp++].f_name = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+			folders[foldp++].f_name = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else
 			app_msgarg(&msgs, cp);
 	}
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	*/
 	for (msgnum = mp->lowsel; msgnum <= mp->hghsel; msgnum++) {
 		if (is_selected(mp, msgnum)) {
-			cp = getcpy(m_name(msgnum));
+			cp = mh_xstrdup(m_name(msgnum));
 			if (m_file(cp, folders, foldp, !linkf))
 				exit(EX_IOERR);
 			mh_free0(&cp);
diff --git a/uip/repl.c b/uip/repl.c
index 505160e..e3028fa 100644
--- a/uip/repl.c
+++ b/uip/repl.c
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	/* read user profile/context */
 	context_read();
 
-	filter = getcpy(etcpath(mhlreply));
+	filter = mh_xstrdup(etcpath(mhlreply));
 
 	arguments = getarguments(invo_name, argc, argv, 1);
 	argp = arguments;
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				if (!(cp = *argp++) || *cp == '-')
 					adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "missing argument to %s",
 							argp[-2]);
-				file = getcpy(expanddir(cp));
+				file = mh_xstrdup(expanddir(cp));
 				continue;
 			case FORMSW:
 				if (!(form = *argp++) || *form == '-')
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				if (!(cp = *argp++) || *cp == '-')
 					adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "missing argument to %s",
 							argp[-2]);
-				filter = getcpy(etcpath(cp));
+				filter = mh_xstrdup(etcpath(cp));
 				continue;
 			case NFILTSW:
 				filter = NULL;
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			else
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else {
 			if (msg)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one message at a time!");
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if (ccme == -1)
 		ccme = groupreply;
 
-	cwd = getcpy(pwd());
+	cwd = mh_xstrdup(pwd());
 
 	if (file && (msg || folder))
 		adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "can't mix files and folders/msgs");
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		context_save();  /* save the context file   */
 	}
 
-	msg = file ? file : getcpy(m_name(mp->lowsel));
+	msg = file ? file : mh_xstrdup(m_name(mp->lowsel));
 
 	if ((in = fopen(msg, "r")) == NULL)
 		adios(EX_IOERR, msg, "unable to open");
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ replout(FILE *inb, char *drft, struct msgs *mp,
 	if ((cp = getenv("USER"))) {
 		FINDCOMP(cptr, "user");
 		if (cptr)
-			cptr->c_text = getcpy(cp);
+			cptr->c_text = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 	}
 	if (!ccme)
 		ismymbox(NULL);
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ finished:
 		}
 		if (sp != cptr->c_text) {
 			cp = cptr->c_text;
-			cptr->c_text = getcpy(sp);
+			cptr->c_text = mh_xstrdup(sp);
 			mh_free0(&cp);
 		}
 	}
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ static unsigned int bufsiz=0;  /* current size of buf */
 ** returns a pointer to the concatenated address string.
 **
 ** We try to not do a lot of malloc/copy/free's (which is why we
-** don't call "getcpy") but still place no upper limit on the
+** don't call "mh_xstrdup") but still place no upper limit on the
 ** length of the result string.
 **
 ** This routine is an override for the equally named one in sbr/fmt_addr.c.
diff --git a/uip/rmf.c b/uip/rmf.c
index 64ee68c..e435a27 100644
--- a/uip/rmf.c
+++ b/uip/rmf.c
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			else
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else {
 			adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "usage: %s [+folder] [switches]",
 					invo_name);
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ rma(char *folder)
 	struct node *np, *pp;
 
 	alen = strlen("atr-");
-	plen = strlen(cp = getcpy(toabsdir(folder))) + 1;
+	plen = strlen(cp = mh_xstrdup(toabsdir(folder))) + 1;
 
 	/*
 	** Search context list for keys that look like
diff --git a/uip/rmm.c b/uip/rmm.c
index 3237deb..99820e9 100644
--- a/uip/rmm.c
+++ b/uip/rmm.c
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder) {
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			} else {
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 			}
 		} else {
 			app_msgarg(&msgs, cp);
diff --git a/uip/scan.c b/uip/scan.c
index e595857..dc54bf0 100644
--- a/uip/scan.c
+++ b/uip/scan.c
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 					adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "missing argument to %s",
 							argp[-2]);
 				if (strcmp(file = cp, "-")!=0)
-					file = getcpy(expanddir(cp));
+					file = mh_xstrdup(expanddir(cp));
 				continue;
 			}
 		}
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			else
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else
 			app_msgarg(&msgs, cp);
 	}
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if (*cp) {
 		char **ap, *dp;
 
-		dp = getcpy(cp);
+		dp = mh_xstrdup(cp);
 		ap = brkstring(dp, " ", "\n");
 		for (i = 0; ap && *ap; i++, ap++) {
 			seqnum[i] = seq_getnum(mp, *ap);
diff --git a/uip/send.c b/uip/send.c
index d7cf204..619ff62 100644
--- a/uip/send.c
+++ b/uip/send.c
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		for (nmsgs = 0, msgnum = mp->lowsel;
 				msgnum <= mp->hghsel; msgnum++) {
 			if (is_selected(mp, msgnum)) {
-				files[nfiles++] = getcpy(m_name(msgnum));
+				files[nfiles++] = mh_xstrdup(m_name(msgnum));
 				unset_exists(mp, msgnum);
 			}
 		}
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			adios(EX_IOERR, altmsg, "unable to open for reading");
 		}
 		fstat(in, &st2);
-		distfile = getcpy(m_mktemp2(NULL, invo_name, NULL, NULL));
+		distfile = mh_xstrdup(m_mktemp2(NULL, invo_name, NULL, NULL));
 		if ((out = creat(distfile, (int)st2.st_mode & 0777))==NOTOK) {
 			adios(EX_IOERR, distfile, "unable to open for writing");
 		}
diff --git a/uip/slocal.c b/uip/slocal.c
index 17a1d36..18c4a58 100644
--- a/uip/slocal.c
+++ b/uip/slocal.c
@@ -747,10 +747,10 @@ parse(int fd)
 
 	/* add special entries to lookup table */
 	if ((p = lookup(hdrs, "source"))) {
-		p->p_value = getcpy(sender);
+		p->p_value = mh_xstrdup(sender);
 	}
 	if ((p = lookup(hdrs, "addr"))) {
-		p->p_value = getcpy(addr);
+		p->p_value = mh_xstrdup(addr);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ parse(int fd)
 				in)) {
 		case FLD:
 		case FLDPLUS:
-			lp = getcpy(field);
+			lp = mh_xstrdup(field);
 			while (state == FLDPLUS) {
 				state = m_getfld(state, name, field,
 						sizeof(field), in);
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ parse(int fd)
 				}
 			}
 			if (!p->p_name && i < NVEC) {
-				p->p_name = getcpy(name);
+				p->p_name = mh_xstrdup(name);
 				p->p_value = lp;
 				p->p_flags = P_NIL;
 				p++, i++;
@@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ parse(int fd)
 		if (!(q = lookup(hdrs, "reply-to")) || !q->p_value) {
 			q = lookup(hdrs, "from");
 		}
-		p->p_value = getcpy(q ? q->p_value : "");
+		p->p_value = mh_xstrdup(q ? q->p_value : "");
 		p->p_flags &= ~P_CHK;
 		if (debug) {
 			debug_printf("vars[%d]: name=\"%s\" value=\"%s\"\n",
@@ -891,18 +891,18 @@ glob(int fd)
 		return;
 	}
 	if ((p = lookup(vars, "sender"))) {
-		p->p_value = getcpy(sender);
+		p->p_value = mh_xstrdup(sender);
 	}
 	if ((p = lookup(vars, "address"))) {
-		p->p_value = getcpy(addr);
+		p->p_value = mh_xstrdup(addr);
 	}
 	if ((p = lookup(vars, "size"))) {
 		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d",
 				fstat(fd, &st) != -1 ? (int) st.st_size : 0);
-		p->p_value = getcpy(buffer);
+		p->p_value = mh_xstrdup(buffer);
 	}
 	if ((p = lookup(vars, "info"))) {
-		p->p_value = getcpy(info);
+		p->p_value = mh_xstrdup(info);
 	}
 	if (debug) {
 		for (p = vars; p->p_name; p++) {
@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ get_sender(char *envelope, char **sender)
 	unsigned char buffer[BUFSIZ];
 
 	if (!envelope) {
-		*sender = getcpy("");
+		*sender = mh_xstrdup("");
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ get_sender(char *envelope, char **sender)
 		} else {
 			break;
 		}
-	*sender = getcpy(buffer);
+	*sender = mh_xstrdup(buffer);
 }
 
 
@@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ you_lose:
 				** get copy of envelope information
 				** ("From " line)
 				*/
-				envelope = getcpy(buffer);
+				envelope = mh_xstrdup(buffer);
 
 				/* Put the delivery date in message */
 				fputs(ddate, ffp);
@@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ trimstr(char *cp)
 			*sp = ' ';
 		}
 	}
-	return getcpy(bp);
+	return mh_xstrdup(bp);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/uip/sortm.c b/uip/sortm.c
index 8f1d2ea..0c5511d 100644
--- a/uip/sortm.c
+++ b/uip/sortm.c
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (folder)
 				adios(EX_USAGE, NULL, "only one folder at a time!");
 			else
-				folder = getcpy(expandfol(cp));
+				folder = mh_xstrdup(expandfol(cp));
 		} else
 			app_msgarg(&msgs, cp);
 	}
diff --git a/uip/spost.c b/uip/spost.c
index e2b5a88..aacb633 100644
--- a/uip/spost.c
+++ b/uip/spost.c
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		verbose++;
 		out = stdout;
 	} else {
-		tmpfil = getcpy(m_mktemp2("/tmp/", invo_name, NULL, &out));
+		tmpfil = mh_xstrdup(m_mktemp2("/tmp/", invo_name, NULL, &out));
 	}
 
 	/* check for "Aliasfile:" profile entry */
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		char *dp, **ap; 
 
 		aliasflg = 1;
-		for (ap=brkstring(dp=getcpy(cp), " ", "\n"); ap && *ap;
+		for (ap=brkstring(dp=mh_xstrdup(cp), " ", "\n"); ap && *ap;
 				ap++) {
 			if ((state = alias(etcpath(*ap))) != AK_OK) {
 				adios(EX_IOERR, NULL, "aliasing error in file %s: %s",
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		case FLD:
 		case FLDPLUS:
 			compnum++;
-			cp = getcpy(buf);
+			cp = mh_xstrdup(buf);
 			while (state == FLDPLUS) {
 				state = m_getfld(state, name, buf,
 						sizeof(buf), in);
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 
 	while (recipients != NULL) {
-		cp = getcpy(recipients->m_mbox);
+		cp = mh_xstrdup(recipients->m_mbox);
 		if (recipients->m_host) {
 			cp = add("@", cp);
 			cp = add(recipients->m_host, cp);
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ putfmt(char *name, char *str, FILE *out)
 	}
 
 	if (hdr->flags & HSUB) {
-		subject = getcpy(str);
+		subject = mh_xstrdup(str);
 	}
 
 	if (!(hdr->flags & HADR)) {
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ putadr(char *name, struct mailname *nl)
 		}
 		if (mp->m_ingrp) {
 			if (mp->m_gname != NULL) {
-				cp = getcpy(mp->m_gname);
+				cp = mh_xstrdup(mp->m_gname);
 				cp = add(";", cp);
 				linepos = putone(cp, linepos, namelen);
 				mh_free0(&cp);
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ process_bccs(char *origmsg)
 	FILE *out = NULL;
 
 	for (mp=bccs; mp; mp=mp->m_next) {
-		bccdraft = getcpy(m_mktemp2("/tmp/", invo_name, NULL, &out));
+		bccdraft = mh_xstrdup(m_mktemp2("/tmp/", invo_name, NULL, &out));
 		fprintf(out, "To: %s\n", mp->m_text);
 		if (from) {
 			fprintf(out, "From: %s\n", from->m_text);
diff --git a/uip/whatnow.c b/uip/whatnow.c
index 4b45a0c..65d2fb0 100644
--- a/uip/whatnow.c
+++ b/uip/whatnow.c
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 
 	if ((!drft && !(drft = getenv("mhdraft"))) || !*drft)
-		drft = getcpy(m_draft(seq_cur));
+		drft = mh_xstrdup(m_draft(seq_cur));
 
 	if ((cp = getenv("mhuse")) && *cp)
 		use = atoi(cp);
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ editfile(char **ed, char **arg, char *file)
 	}
 
 	/* remember which editor we used */
-	edsave = getcpy(*ed);
+	edsave = mh_xstrdup(*ed);
 
 	*ed = NULL;
 
diff --git a/uip/whom.c b/uip/whom.c
index 27c8d91..b987356 100644
--- a/uip/whom.c
+++ b/uip/whom.c
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ process(char *file)
 
 		case FLDPLUS:
 			compnum++;
-			cp = getcpy(buf);
+			cp = mh_xstrdup(buf);
 			while (state == FLDPLUS) {
 				state = m_getfld(state, name, buf,
 						sizeof(buf), in);

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