I obtained log messages on production when the error happened. The log 
level is set to 'info'.

[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.947304 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4478:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4478): Shutdown requested 'site-2'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.947499 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4478:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4478): Stopping process 'site-2'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.947521 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4478:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4478): Destroying interpreters.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.947536 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4478:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4478): Cleanup interpreter ''.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.951446 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4477:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4477): Shutdown requested 'site-1'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.951672 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4477:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4477): Stopping process 'site-1'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.951693 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4477:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4477): Destroying interpreters.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.951708 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4477:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4477): Cleanup interpreter ''.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.955690 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4476:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4476): Shutdown requested 'site-3'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.955911 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4476:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4476): Stopping process 'site-3'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.955933 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4476:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4476): Destroying interpreters.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.955947 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4476:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4476): Cleanup interpreter ''.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.967577 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4476:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4476): Terminating Python.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.970224 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4476:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4476): Python has shutdown.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.970246 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4476:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4476): Exiting process 'site-3'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.975368 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4477:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4477): Terminating Python.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.978051 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4477:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4477): Python has shutdown.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.978072 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4477:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4477): Exiting process 'site-1'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.983240 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4478:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4478): Terminating Python.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.986019 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4478:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4478): Python has shutdown.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:14.986041 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 4478:tid 
139644458678144] mod_wsgi (pid=4478): Exiting process 'site-2'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:18.985926 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 1712:tid 
140701685757696] [client xx.xx.xx.xx:13183] Timeout when reading response 
headers from daemon process 'site-1': 
/home/ubuntu/snaptee-production/apache/wsgi.py
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:57.511176 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2417:tid 
140701627008768] [client xx.xx.xx.xx:9079] Timeout when reading response 
headers from daemon process 'site-1': 
/home/ubuntu/snaptee-production/apache/wsgi.py
[Mon Nov 03 11:11:59.504832 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2026:tid 
140701568259840] [client xx.xx.xx.xx:13194] Timeout when reading response 
headers from daemon process 'site-1': 
/home/ubuntu/snaptee-production/apache/wsgi.py
[Mon Nov 03 11:12:02.893114 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 1712:tid 
140701593437952] [client xx.xx.xx.xx:9123] Timeout when reading response 
headers from daemon process 'site-1': 
/home/ubuntu/snaptee-production/apache/wsgi.py
[Mon Nov 03 11:12:15.471793 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2026:tid 
140701643794176] [client xx.xx.xx.xx:9145] Timeout when reading response 
headers from daemon process 'site-1': 
/home/ubuntu/snaptee-production/apache/wsgi.py
[Mon Nov 03 11:12:18.741610 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 1712:tid 
140701840639744] [client xx.xx.xx.xx:13230] Timeout when reading response 
headers from daemon process 'site-1': 
/home/ubuntu/snaptee-production/apache/wsgi.py
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:32.470117 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 1712:tid 
140701840639744] [client xx.xx.xx.xx:9723] Timeout when reading response 
headers from daemon process 'site-1': 
/home/ubuntu/snaptee-production/apache/wsgi.py
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:33.336583 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2417:tid 
140701807068928] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:10126] mod_wsgi (pid=2417): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:36.421071 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 1712:tid 
140701660579584] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:10148] mod_wsgi (pid=1712): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:38.102948 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 1712:tid 
140701677364992] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:10157] mod_wsgi (pid=1712): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:38.186446 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 1712:tid 
140701685757696] [client xx.xx.xx.xx:13868] Timeout when reading response 
headers from daemon process 'site-1': 
/home/ubuntu/snaptee-production/apache/wsgi.py
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:42.206195 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 1712:tid 
140701823854336] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:14302] mod_wsgi (pid=1712): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:42.366307 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 3039:tid 
140701568259840] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:14306] mod_wsgi (pid=3039): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:46.209203 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2417:tid 
140701593437952] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:14308] mod_wsgi (pid=2417): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:47.026183 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2026:tid 
140701677364992] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:14312] mod_wsgi (pid=2026): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:49.092478 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 1712:tid 
140701652186880] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:10163] mod_wsgi (pid=1712): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:49.505943 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2417:tid 
140701840639744] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:14314] mod_wsgi (pid=2417): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:49.692284 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2417:tid 
140701719328512] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:10173] mod_wsgi (pid=2417): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:49.725615 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2026:tid 
140701568259840] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:14316] mod_wsgi (pid=2026): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:52.273296 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2026:tid 
140701685757696] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:10175] mod_wsgi (pid=2026): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:53.356815 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2026:tid 
140701823854336] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:14318] mod_wsgi (pid=2026): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:57.364586 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2026:tid 
140701585045248] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:10178] mod_wsgi (pid=2026): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:19:57.620572 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2417:tid 
140701652186880] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:14324] mod_wsgi (pid=2417): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:01.508145 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2026:tid 
140701719328512] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:14331] mod_wsgi (pid=2026): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:03.685263 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 3039:tid 
140701576652544] [client xx.xx.xx.xx:9777] Timeout when reading response 
headers from daemon process 'site-1': 
/home/ubuntu/snaptee-production/apache/wsgi.py
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:07.131191 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2026:tid 
140701610223360] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:14337] mod_wsgi (pid=2026): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:07.210243 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2026:tid 
140701601830656] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:10185] mod_wsgi (pid=2026): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:10.990187 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2417:tid 
140701660579584] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:10206] mod_wsgi (pid=2417): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:12.343626 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2026:tid 
140701807068928] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:14353] mod_wsgi (pid=2026): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:12.383353 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2417:tid 
140701601830656] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:10210] mod_wsgi (pid=2417): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:12.514056 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2026:tid 
140701568259840] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:10213] mod_wsgi (pid=2026): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:13.106436 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2026:tid 
140701677364992] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:14356] mod_wsgi (pid=2026): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:13.367651 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 3039:tid 
140701668972288] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:10219] mod_wsgi (pid=3039): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:17.423692 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 2417:tid 
140701610223360] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:14359] mod_wsgi (pid=2417): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:17.450428 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 3039:tid 
140701815461632] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:10221] mod_wsgi (pid=3039): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:20.733221 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 3794:tid 
140056943240960] mod_wsgi (pid=3794): Maximum requests reached, triggering 
immediate shutdown 'site-1'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:20.733323 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 3794:tid 
140057235269504] mod_wsgi (pid=3794): Shutdown requested 'site-1'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:20.733511 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 3794:tid 
140057235269504] mod_wsgi (pid=3794): Stopping process 'site-1'.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:20.733528 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 3794:tid 
140057235269504] mod_wsgi (pid=3794): Destroying interpreters.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:20.733538 2014] [wsgi:info] [pid 3794:tid 
140057235269504] mod_wsgi (pid=3794): Cleanup interpreter ''.
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:20.734308 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 3794:tid 
140057235269504] 2014-11-03 11:20:20,734 (3794/Dummy-7) newrelic.core.agent 
INFO - New Relic Python Agent Shutdown
[Mon Nov 03 11:20:20.680893 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 1712:tid 
140701710935808] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client 
xx.xx.xx.xx:10226] mod_wsgi (pid=1712): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon 
process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.1237.0.4.sock'.

Please advise. Thanks.


On Monday, November 3, 2014 6:43:19 PM UTC+8, Graham Dumpleton wrote:
>
> On 03/11/2014, at 9:35 PM, Kelvin Wong <[email protected] <javascript:>> 
> wrote:
>
> I don't think the original error situation is caused by server overloading 
> as the traffic of the server on that time it's fine.
>
>
> I didn't say it was.
>
> I just want to rule out some conditions as returning 503 can be caused by 
> overloading the service.
>
> Overloading the servers can produce 503 but the error log messages do not 
> match with the original error log message.
>
>
> And I am only addressing the message:
>
> 2014-11-03 07:47:01.591 [Mon Nov 03 07:46:54.109098 2014] [wsgi:error] 
> [pid 4615:tid 140372718073600] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: 
> [client xx.xx.xx.xx:26793] mod_wsgi (pid=4615): Unable to connect to WSGI 
> daemon process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.3387.0.4.sock'.
>
> That area of the code was rewritten in 4.X versions at some point and 
> introduced non blocking connects. Looking more at that specific message and 
> knowing the possibility that you were load testing I came across that 
> difference in Linux behaviour compared to what POSIX specifies.
>
> So all I can do is address that specific point and that it is all I can do 
> until I can get those info level messages from the error logs so I can 
> understand whether the mod_wsgi daemon processes are actually restarting at 
> the same time.
>
> Graham
>
>
> On Monday, November 3, 2014 5:58:47 PM UTC+8, Graham Dumpleton wrote:
>
> I still want any log messages either side of that point as it may confirm 
> what is going on, but what you might be encountering could be due to Linux 
> behaviour when performing a connect() on a UNIX socket in non blocking mode 
> not being POSIX compliant. Details:
>
> http://lists.mysql.com/internals/35082
>
> The mod_wsgi code is possibly not dealing with Linux's non POSIX 
> compliance and instead of interpreting it the same as connection refused 
> (when the listener socket backlog is full), it is regarding it as an 
> outright failure.
>
> So the cause of this if you are trying to do load testing is that you are 
> overwhelming the capacity of the mod_wsgi daemon processes causing the 
> socket listener queue to fill up. When it fills up then it is triggering 
> the non POSIX behaviour of Linux.
>
> Can you confirm that you only saw this when you overwhelmed the server 
> with more traffic that you would realistically expect it to receive and way 
> beyond the capacity it could handle based on how it is configured?
>
> Graham
>
> On 03/11/2014, at 8:33 PM, Graham Dumpleton <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> As I said before, I need to see messages either side of the event and with 
> Apache log level set to info.
>
> Graham
>
> On 03/11/2014, at 8:28 PM, Kelvin Wong <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> I tried some load testing on the server to see if it is caused by 
> overloading.
>
> I found there will be some other log message when the server is 
> overloading.
> 2014-11-03 07:47:01.591 [Mon Nov 03 07:46:53.795864 2014] [wsgi:error] 
> [pid 3724:tid 140372768429824] [client xx.xx.xx.xx:26561] Truncated or 
> oversized response headers received from daemon process 'site-1': 
> /home/ubuntu/site-1/apache/wsgi.py
> 2014-11-03 07:47:01.591 [Mon Nov 03 07:46:54.109098 2014] [wsgi:error] 
> [pid 4615:tid 140372718073600] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: 
> [client xx.xx.xx.xx:26793] mod_wsgi (pid=4615): Unable to connect to WSGI 
> daemon process 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.3387.0.4.sock'.
>
> Then I concluded that the situation is not caused by overloading the 
> server.
>
> Do you have any directions for me to reproduce the situation?
>
> Thanks.
>
>
> On Monday, November 3, 2014 11:09:33 AM UTC+8, Kelvin Wong wrote:
>
> I found no cron is running on root and user.
>
> According to the logrotate config, the log rotate weekly.
> But the error situation is likely happened nightly.
>
> So I think it will not be my concern.
>
>
> On Monday, November 3, 2014 11:00:10 AM UTC+8, Graham Dumpleton wrote:
>
> And when is 'cron' configured to run logrotate? Does it correspond to when 
> you are seeing the issue?
>
> On 03/11/2014, at 1:56 PM, Kelvin Wong <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> Yes, the memory usage is under control now and I increased 
> maximum-requests by 4 times.
>
> For the error, 
> Timeout when reading response headers from daemon process 'site-1': /home/
> ubuntu/site-1/apache/wsgi.py
> came out as sudden, that's why I capture this message only. I also found 
> main Apache error log nothing special.
>
> Now, I turned the log level to 'info' in order to obtain more messages.
>
> About the log file rotation, I only found the ubuntu default rotation one 
> which is using logrotate.
> /var/log/apache2/*.log {
>         weekly
>         missingok
>         rotate 52
>         compress
>         delaycompress
>         notifempty
>         create 640 root adm
>         sharedscripts
>         postrotate
>                 if /etc/init.d/apache2 status > /dev/null ; then \
>                     /etc/init.d/apache2 reload > /dev/null; \
>                 fi;
>         endscript
>         prerotate
>                 if [ -d /etc/logrotate.d/httpd-prerotate ]; then \
>                         run-parts /etc/logrotate.d/httpd-prerotate; \
>                 fi; \
>         endscript
> }
> It will do Apache reload on postrotate. I research a little bit, the 
> reload is needed for Apache handling file.
> Some suggested "copytruncate" on the config to avoid reload. Will you also 
> suggest that?
>
>
> Thanks.
>
>
> On Monday, November 3, 2014 8:00:10 AM UTC+8, Graham Dumpleton wrote:
>
>
> On 02/11/2014, at 2:18 AM, Kelvin Wong <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>
> I have some updates on the issue as it happened again. This time I 
> captured some data from New Relic.
>
> From the Requests.png, I found that there is an spike aroung 22:23 and 
> check the Apache log. I found there are many as following.
> Timeout when reading response headers from daemon process 'site-1': /home/
> ubuntu/site-1/apache/wsgi.py
>
> Spike also found on the Workers.png during that time period. The graph is 
> showing most of the worker is doing write?
> After a few minute, the following log appear again, and start returning 
> 503.
> (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client xx.xx.xx.xx:xxxxx] mod_wsgi 
> (pid=27816): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon process 'site-1' on 
> '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.17227.2.3.sock'.
>
> Can you tell what happened from those graphs?
>
>
> What I need to see is more of the log file around those events.
>
> Ensure you have LogLevel set to 'info' in the Apache configuration as 
> mod_wsgi will then log more messages about why processes restarted.
>
> Also ensure you are checking for message around the time in the global 
> Apache error log and not just in any virtual host specific error log, as 
> some messages, such as evidence of a restart or process crashes will only 
> appear in the main Apache error log.
>
> With memory growth under control:
>
>
> turning to look at daemon process restarts:
>
>
> they are obviously more frequent. Zooming in, each process is restarting 
> about every 5 minutes, although varies over time.
>
> I would suggest you can increase maximum-requests, possibly as high as 4 
> times what you are using.
>
> When enabling 'info' logging that will reduce the amount of noise in the 
> error logs which may hide the specific anomalous event you are trying to 
> track down.
>
> BTW. Did you look into whether any log file rotation is set up or not and 
> what did you find?
>
> Depending on the system you might be able to find whether something is 
> running by looking at one cron jobs are running for root.
>
>     sudo crontab -l
>
> Graham
>
>
> Thanks.
>
>
> On Friday, October 31, 2014 5:08:27 PM UTC+8, Graham Dumpleton wrote:
>
>
> On 31/10/2014, at 7:26 PM, Kelvin Wong <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> Oh. I see. Thanks.
>
> One more question.
> As I set the graceful-timeout on mod_wsgi process, then when Apache do 
> graceful restart, will mod_wsgi obey that timeout setting?
>
>
> No. It is impossible. There is simply no way for the mod_wsgi daemon 
> processes to act in coordination with the Apache child worker processes on 
> an Apache graceful restart.
>
> This is because the only way that mod_wsgi can create its distinct child 
> processes and have them managed by Apache at all is using a mechanism that 
> in the Apache runtime library is referred to as a 'other processes'.
>
> It doesn't matter whether Apache as a whole is signalled for a normal 
> shutdown (SIGHUP) or a graceful restart (SIGUSR1), Apache will in turn 
> always send a SIGINT on to 'other processes' such as those created by 
> mod_wsgi. If those 'other processes' don't shutdown immediately it will 
> signal them again at one second intervals until 3 seconds have elapsed, at 
> which point it will send them a SIGKILL. So Apache only supports a brutal 
> shutdown of that sort for 'other processes'.
>
> For its own child worker processes, to even support a graceful restart is 
> a non trivial thing. It isn't just a matter of sending the child worker 
> processes a SIGUSR1. Instead there is an elaborate scheme involving what is 
> called a pipe of death between the Apache parent and the child worker 
> processes, as well as shared state via shared memory between the Apache 
> parent process so the child worker processes now what sort of shutdown has 
> been triggered. That sort of mechanism to support a graceful shutdown for 
> 'other processes' simply does exist.
>
> So it is how it is and there is no way to change things. In practice it 
> hasn't caused any issues and web requests being interrupted is always a 
> risk that a web application has to deal with anyway.
>
> Graham
>
> On Friday, October 31, 2014 4:16:55 PM UTC+8, Graham Dumpleton wrote:
>
>
>
> On 31/10/2014, at 6:53 PM, Kelvin Wong <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> You means that the OS triggered Apache graceful restart? If so, why the OS 
> do that?
>
>
> Yes and I just told you why, as part of a log rotation mechanism.
>
> Try googling 'log file rotation' and see what mechanism is used on your 
> specific Linux system.
>
> One link about one such solution which is often used is:
>
> http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-do-i-rotate-log-files/
>
> Apache does itself have a way of handling log rotation itself, but likely 
> ignored by Linux distros which use their own preferred mechanism.
>
> Graham
>
>
> On Friday, October 31, 2014 3:45:35 PM UTC+8, Graham Dumpleton wrote:
>
> Your operating system could be signalling Apache during the middle of the 
> night so that the log files can be rotated.
>
> Graham
>
> On 31/10/2014, at 6:36 PM, Kelvin Wong <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> I checked the memory of overall Apache process, it goes up and down a 
> little. It Seemed the "maximum-requests" is doing its job.
>
> I found that when I do "sudo service apache reload", Apache will do 
> graceful restart as it shown in main Apache error log.
>
>
> [Sun Oct 26 07:34:37.198806 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 27816:tid 
> 140052910765824] (11)Resource temporarily unavailable: [client xx.xx.xx.xx
> :xxxxx] mod_wsgi (pid=27816): Unable to connect to WSGI daemon process 
> 'site-1' on '/var/run/apache2/wsgi.17227.2.3.sock'.
> When before above situation happened, Apache also doing graceful restart.
> But this should not be triggered by anyone as I mentioned it happened 
> during sleep time.
> Is there any reasons that Apache do graceful restart by itself?
>
> Thanks.
>
>
> On Friday, October 31, 2014 2:55:32 PM UTC+8, Graham Dumpleton wrote:
>
> BTW, in your NR agent configuration file find the 
> error_collector.ignore_errors setting and change it to:
>
> error_collector.ignore_errors = django.http.request:UnreadablePostError
>
> These indicate the HTTP client connection dropping before all content had 
> been sent.
>
> Generally you want to ignore these and eliminate them from your error 
> count as they do not represent an error in your application but are the 
> result of a client problem.
>
> Adding that configuration setting will cause them to be ignored and not 
> recorded as an error.
>
> Graham
>
> On 31/10/2014, at 5:41 PM, Graham Dumpleton <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>
> On 31/10/2014, at 5:04 PM, Kelvin Wong <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> Thanks for the details!
>
> I now have a better picture on how it works.
> I employed all the recommendations you suggested. I will keep monitoring 
> the processes.
>
> But how about the graceful restart signaled by Apache? Why it happened?
>
>
> As far as the message:
>
> [Tue Oct 28 02:20:40.722140 2014] [wsgi:error] [pid 24158:tid 
> 140182690981632] (2)No such 
> file or directory: [client 24.171.250.159:60769] mod_wsgi (pid=24158): Unable 
> to 
> connect to WSGI daemon 
> process 'snaptee-production-api-ssl' on'/var/run/apache2/wsgi.30188.7.3.sock'.
>
> goes, as I said I believe that could only be the result of an Apache 
> graceful restart.
>
> My recollection is that a 'reload' under a Linux system using its process 
> management tools triggers an Apache graceful restart where as a 'restart' 
> does a normal Apache restart.
>
> I believe you said you used 'reload' and so that would be the source of 
> that.
>
> The whole reason though I have been trying to sort out what processes 
> actually had memory issues though was to avoid MaxConnectionsPerChild as 
> well to ensure that that wasn't a source of the problem as well.
>
> Now that we have you on a better configuration lets see now whether it 
> happens again, rather than worrying too much about what happened in the 
> past. Just note when you happen to do a 'reload', and so understand that if 
> seen at that time that that was likely the cause.
>
> Once things settle down for a while then can look at your 
> processes/threads configuration and capacity utilisation and so work out 
> whether a poor configuration there is causing problems. Can also see 
> whether you are getting stuck requests as well which are eating into 
> capacity and which could result in some of the errors you were seeing when 
> any sort of restart was done.
>
> So slowly slowly. Resolve one issue at a time. Changing too many things at 
> once will only confuse and you will not get a sense of what changes are 
> actually making things better otherwise.
>
> Graham
>
>
> Thanks again.
>
>
> On Friday, October 31, 2014 12:29:12 PM UTC+8, Graham Dumpleton wrote:
>
> So lets look at just memory initially.
>
> When we talk about Apache processes, there are actually going to be three 
> different classes of processes.
>
> These are:
>
> 1. The Apache parent process.
>
> This runs as root. Because it runs as root and not the Apache user 
> (www-data) that the Apache child worker processes run as, then it can be 
> seen separately on the NR server monitoring.
>
> There is no memory increase here. It is actually very important that the 
> Apache parent process doesn't increase in size over time with restarts as 
> when it forks child process they would inherit that increasing memory size. 
> One of the reason that using mod_python is a bad idea is that it used to 
> initialise the Python interpreter in the Apache parent process and when 
> restarted, the Python interpreter would leak memory and so the Apache 
> parent process would grow in size on each restart.
>
> Anyway, you are good here and nothing to worry about.
>
> 2. The Apache child worker processes.
>
> These run as the Apache user which on your system is www-data.
>
> The Apache child worker processes are what accepts all inbound HTTP 
> requests. Static files will be served up by these processes.
>
> In your case where you are using mod_wsgi daemon processes, the Python web 
> application does not run in the Apache child worker processes. The Apache 
> child worker process still accept the requests initially though and would 
> then proxy the request through to the daemon process running the WSGI 
> application.
>
> 3. The mod_wsgi daemon processes.
>
> By default these also run as the Apache user which on your system is 
> www-data.
>
> This is where your WSGI application is running.
>
> Now both the Apache child worker processes and the mod_wsgi daemon 
> processes are forked children of the Apache parent process. They will 
> therefore all show as being the process 'apache2' on your system.
>
> Because both (1) and (2) are running as the Apache user, NR server 
> monitoring will not allow you to distinguish between them.
>
> Thus when you get:
>
> you aren't looking at just the Apache child worker processes and are also 
> looking at the mod_wsgi daemon processes.
>
> The only way you could use NR server monitoring to tell between the two is 
> if you used the 'user' option to WSGIDaemonProcess and ran the mod_wsgi 
> daemon processes as a different user again. Then you could distinguish.
>
> Although you can't distinguish using NR server monitoring, you can on 
> Linux if you ensure you are naming the processes. That is, when using 
> WSGIDaemonProcess directive, supply the display-name=%{GROUP} option. This 
> will allow you to see the mod_wsgi daemon processes as distinct if using 
> 'ps' or 'htop'.
>
> Lets instead now look at what the mod_wsgi plugin tells you:
>
> Over the 24 hours matching last charts we get:
>
> so nothing conclusive. For a shorter period of one hour we get:
>
> This shows an increase over time, but you have to be a little bit careful 
> in interpreting that. If you hover over the memory chart and look at the 
> popup you will see:
>
> This shows that the processes actually range in size. There is a range of 
> sizes because the process churn chart shows that processes are being 
> restarted at different times.
>
> Important though is to look at the max value. This is the largest size of 
> any process. If one moves along the chart for that period one sees that the 
> maximum is always about 12.9-13.0 MB.
>
> This indicates to me that the Apache child worker process size has reached 
> a plateau and that this is the normal behaviour of Apache child process to 
> grow over time up to a plateau which I believe I noted previously.
>
> So for the Apache child worker processes this isn't ringing any alarm 
> bells for me.
>
> If you have already removed MaxConnectionsPerChild and that maximum 
> continues along and not increasing too much more over time, then I wouldn't 
> be seeing a need to be setting MaxConnectionsPerChild.
>
> Next chart to look at is the memory chart where monitoring the actual 
> Python web application.
>
> Over the last 6 hours this shows:
>
> I am not 100% sure if you can get to this chart on the Lite subscription 
> level you are on but I can still see it.
>
> If it is available on Lite subscription, go to the bottom of the overview 
> dashboard and select on the chart icon for the server breakout.
>
> So as far as what process is growing in memory size, it is very much the 
> mod_wsgi daemon processes.
>
> The problem therefore is going to be an issue with caching in your 
> application, construction of object cycles that cannot be broken by the 
> garbage collector, or in worst case the garbage collector isn't even 
> running due to it dead locking.
>
> As a short term remedy to at least keep the memory growth under control 
> for the mod_wsgi daemon processes, you have two choices.
>
> The first is to use the 'inactivity-timeout' option to WSGIDaemonProcess 
> directive.
>
> The behaviour of this is slightly different between mod_wsgi 3.X and 4.X.
>
> Under 4.X what will happen when inactivity-timeout is set is that if no 
> requests at all are received by a daemon process group, and there are no 
> active ones, after the specified period, then the process will be restarted.
>
> You run up to 150 requests per minute across about 7 process instances.
>
>
> In practice this means that any one process is not even handling one 
> request per second.
>
> Even so, what it means is that if you set this to be 30 seconds, then a 
> process is never going to be idle long enough to be restarted. Can't 
> therefore use this.
>
> On mod_wsgi 3.X the difference was that the reading of request content and 
> writing of response content was monitored and if there was no activity on 
> those after the timeout period, then the process would be restarted. With 
> the way it worked, it meant if there was a long running request, or stuck 
> requests, they would be interrupted. In mod_wsgi 4.X, you should be using 
> request-timeout instead if the intent is to be able to interrupt long 
> running or stuck requests.
>
> The second option you can use instead of inactivity-timeout is the 
> maximum-requests option to WSGIDaemonProcess.
>
> This also has changed a bit in mod_wsgi 4.X from 3.X.
>
> Under 3.X once that many requests were processed by a process, the process 
> would be restarted. In restarting though, it followed the typical shutdown 
> sequence for mod_wsgi daemon processes.
>
> That is, no new requests would be accepted on that process. Currently 
> running requests would be given a grace period to complete (default 2.5 
> seconds). If they did not complete in that time, the process would be more 
> brutally shutdown.
>
> The result of this was that long running requests could be interrupted, 
> resulting in some of those errors you saw before.
>
> In mod_wsgi 4.X this option has the same default behaviour, but there is a 
> new way of having the restart be more graceful.
>
> What you instead use is both maximum-requests and graceful-timeout to 
> WSGIDaemonProcess at the same time.
>
> When you also have graceful-timeout option specified, what will happen 
> when the maximum requests is reached is that a new initial grace period is 
> entered based on what graceful-timeout is set to.
>
> During this initial grace period, new requests will still be accepted, but 
> if at any point during that time there are no active requests, the process 
> will be restarted immediately.
>
> If for some reason the initial grace period expires, then the normal 
> restart starts. That is, stop accepting requests, provide a further 2.5 
> seconds grace and then brutally restart.
>
> So this new graceful-timeout option in conjunction with maximum-requests 
> means that a process can be restarted but with a better ability to do so 
> without interrupting any requests.
>
> In your case because there is less than 1 request per second on average 
> across all processes, there should be a lot of opportunity for a restart to 
> occur in the gaps in between those infrequent requests.
>
> My recommendations at this point are:
>
> 1. Set MaxConnectionsPerChild to 0 so that Apache child worker processes 
> aren't being recycled unnecessarily.
>
> Monitor the mod_wsgi plugin chart 'Average Memory Useds (bytes/process)' 
> to ensure that the Apache child worker processes aren't growing in size in 
> an unbounded way above the typical max you are seeing now. They should 
> simply plateau after a while. Keep an eye on max in the popup rather than 
> the average as the latter can be deceiving as Apache child worker processes 
> can still be restarted by Apache because of its dynamic scaling feature, 
> thereby confusing the results you see.
>
> 2. Add to WSGIDaemonProcess the maximum-requests and graceful-timeout 
> option.
>
> As you are running only about 20 requests per minute for process, set 
> maximum-requests at about 250 initially, which would be about every 10 
> minutes or so at that rate. If the processes are getting recycled too often 
> and the startup cost is too much, then increase it. At the same time though 
> keep an eye on that memory chart in the server breakout on the main 
> dashboard to ensure memory not growing too much before the process gets 
> recycled.
>
> At the same time, make sure you set graceful-timeout. A safe figure for 
> this initially would be 30. That is the number of seconds to wait to see if 
> can restart when no requests, before a more brutal restart.
>
> 3. If you haven't done it already and you are definitely only using 
> mod_wsgi daemon mode for running your WSGI application, ensure you are 
> setting WSGIRestrictEmbedded to On at global scope in the Apache 
> configuration outside of any VirtualHost.
>
> So as an initial remedial action only, to combat memory growth, do that 
> for now. This will give you some breathing space so you can work out why 
> your web application is growing memory usage continually.
>
> When done and when it has been running for 6-12 hours, come back and we 
> can review how the memory growth charts are looking. I can also get to some 
> other charts you can't when on Lite subscription, which will show details 
> about the mod_wsgi daemon process restarts and we can see how far apart 
> they are coming and whether we need to adjust maximum-requests.
>
> As I say though, this is just to get you in a better position while you 
> work out your memory leakage problems.
>
> A next step I would like to do is have you install an extension to the NR 
> Python agent which allows the activities of the garbage collector to be 
> monitored to make sure it is running and whether uncollectable objects are 
> accumulating. You would not normally be able to use this with a Lite 
> account but I will be able to see the data. Before I can give you that 
> extension to try I need to wait on some internal approvals to release it, 
> which are already in train due to us needing to provide it to some other 
> users who are seeing memory growth issues which we are trying to help them 
> with.
>
> For interests sake, the charts it can produce are:
>
> [image: custom-dashboard.jpg]
> Anyway, work slowy through what I have said above and understand it. Get 
> those few configuration changes made and then we will look at the next 
> steps.
>
> Graham
>
> On 31/10/2014, at 1:12 PM, Kelvin Wong <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> I'm sorry to throw too much questions to you. I just want to provide more 
> information to make it easier to find the cause.
> Also, I rushed to you because this situation happened during sleep time. 
> So I'm little stressed about it.
>
> Back to your question.
> After following your instructions to setup mod_wsgi plugin to monitor the 
> mod_wsgi processes in New Relic, I take a look on the data.
> I found that it seemed normal to me. Before the 503 situation, "Average 
> Memory Us
>
> ...

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