Curious:  

"In the fewest words possible, concepts are:  _capacities to think about 
general characteristics._. The latter are sometimes positive, sometimes 
negative.

"There are degrees of complexity in the activity referred to above as 'thinking 
about general characteristics', and there are corresponding degrees of 
complexity in what is meant by processing concepts. To start with the simplest 
case: To process the concept of _red_ or the concept _dog_ is to possess the 
capacity to think about the characteristics _red_ or _dog_, in the sense of 
being able to recognize things as red things or as dogs when these are 
perceived;  more generally, it is the capacity to recognize characteristics in 
perceived or otherwise intuited particulars.  It is important to add that we 
can exercise this capacity whether or not we use or even possess such generals 
words as _red_ and _dog_, or such a proper name as _Cerberus_."

 "This sort of case is the bare recognition of characteristics in particulars 
when the latter are before us and we perceive or intuit them.  But there are 
more complicated kinds of thinking about characteristics that we can engage in 
while we are perceiving.  To illustrate the point:  if we perceive three 
apples, two of which are bright red and one a pale red, we can do all or some 
of the following things.  We can recognize that all three apples possess the 
characteristic _red_; we can apprehend or judge that the characteristic _red_ 
is instantiated within our perceptual field; we can judge that the 
characteristic instantiated in two apples is different from and brighter than 
that instantiated in the third;  we can judge that the characteristic _red_ is 
instantiated together with the characteristic of being an _apple_.  All of 
these mental activities we can accomplish without the use of words or mental 
images, and persons possessing neither language nor an ability to form men
 tal images could engage in them.


    (White, F. C., 'On Schopenhauer's Fourfold Root of the Principle of 
Sufficient Reason',(Philosophy of History and Culture, Vol 8), pp.75-76)
 
 
 

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