Dear Andrea,

> I'd like to ask your advice on a couple of issues:
> 1) What can be done (if anything) when the tangent space approximation
> of the shape space is bad? I am not talking about small problems due to
> outliers. I am considering a case when the approximation is bad because
> the biological variation in the sample is really large.

I would be interested to see an example of such data before
offering any definitive advice.

> 2) It is often difficult to sample landmarks all over a structure
> (unless using semilandmark on curves etc.). Often, landmarks tend to be
> more dense in some anatomical regions and less in others. Is there any
> risk of 'overfitting' the regions with more landmarks during the
> Procrustes superimposition? Are there other issues that may be related
> to large differences in landmark density in a structure?
> Thanks a lot for your help.

There are (at least) two answers.  

(a) There is a version of Procrustes analysis in which weights are
given to the landmarks.  Your example, with a large number of tightly
clustered landmarks, is a bit like using a smaller number of landmarks,
but with differential weights.  Bookstein coordinates are an extreme
example of this in which two landmarks each have weight one, and the
rest weight 0.  But again, it would be helpful to see an example before
offering definitive advice in your situation.

(b) When using the thin-plate spline bending energy metric to compare
different shapes, the presence of a dense set of landmarks in a small
region is a bonus because it enables you to detect fine-scale
differences between configurations which would be invisible if you only
had a smaller set of landmarks.

> Cheers
> Andrea

Best wishes,
John

Professor John T. Kent         tel (direct)   (44) 113-343-5103
Department of Statistics       tel(secretary) (44) 113-343-5101
University of Leeds            fax            (44) 113-343-5090
Leeds LS2 9JT, England         e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]


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