This is an edited version. For the complete document, go to <http://migratorybirds.fws.gov>
Jim Williams Wayzata =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service=A0 Final List of Bird Species to Which the Migratory Bird Treaty Act Does=20= Not=A0Apply SUMMARY: We are publishing a final list=A0of the nonnative bird species=20= that have=A0been introduced by humans into the=A0United States or its=20 territories and to=A0which the Migratory Bird Treaty Act=A0(MBTA) does = not=20 apply. This action is=A0required by the Migratory Bird Treaty=A0Reform = Act=20 (MBTRA) of 2004. The=A0MBTRA amends the MBTA by stating=A0that it = applies=20 only to migratory bird=A0species that are native to the United=A0States = or=20 its territories, and that a native=A0migratory bird is one that is=20 present as=A0a result of natural biological or=A0ecological processes. = This=20 notice=A0identifies those species that are not=A0protected by the MBTA,=20= even though=A0they belong to biological families=A0referred to in = treaties=20 that the MBTA=A0implements, as their presence in the=A0United States and=20= its territories is solely=A0the result of intentional or=20 unintentional=A0human-assisted introductions. The Final List: What Are the Bird=A0Species Not Protected by the = MBTA?=A0We=20 made this list as comprehensive=A0as possible by including all=20 nonnative,=A0human-assisted species that belong to=A0any of the families=20= referred to in the=A0treaties and whose occurrence(s) in the=A0United=20 States and its territories have=A0been documented in the=20 scientific=A0literature. It is not, however, an=A0exhaustive list of all=20= the nonnative=A0species that could potentially appear in=A0the United=20 States or its territories as a=A0result of human assistance. New=20 species=A0of nonnative birds are being reported=A0annually in the United=20= States, and it is=A0impossible to predict which species=A0might appear = in=20 the near future.=A0The appearance of a species on this=A0list does not=20= preclude its addition to the=A0list of migratory birds protected by=20 the=A0MBTA (50 CFR 10.13) at some later date=A0should substantial = evidence=20 come to=A0light confirming natural occurrence in=A0the United States or = its=20 territories.=A0The 125 species on this list are=A0arranged by family=20 according to the=A0American Ornithologists=92 Union (1998,=A0as amended = by=20 Banks et al. 2003).=A0Within families, species are=20 arranged=A0alphabetically by scientific name.=A0Common and scientific = names=20 follow=A0Monroe and Sibley (1993). Mandarin Duck Egyptian Goose Hottentot Teal Philippine Duck=A0 Graylag Goose Domestic Goose=A0 Swan Goose=A0 Bar-headed Goose=A0 Red-breasted Goose=A0 Ringed Teal Maned Duck=A0 Coscoroba Swan Black Swan=A0 Black-necked=A0Swan=A0 Mute Swan=A0 White-faced Whistling-Duck=A0 Orinoco Goose=A0 Rosy-billed Pochard=A0 Red-crested Pochard=A0 Cotton Pygmygoose=A0 Ruddy Shelduck=A0 Common Shelduck=A0 Great White=A0Pelican=A0 Pink-backed Pelican =A0Red-legged Cormorant=A0 Oriental Darter Eurasian Spoonbill Sacred Ibis=A0 Abdim=92s Stork=A0 White Stork=A0 Woolly-necked Stork=A0 Black-necked=A0Stork King Vulture=A0 Chilean=A0Flamingo=A0 Lesser Flamingo Red-backed Hawk=A0 Great Black-Hawk=A0 Griffon-type Old World vulture=A0 Gray-necked Wood-Rail=A0 Black Crowned-Crane Gray Crowned-Crane Sarus Crane=A0 Demoiselle Crane=A0 Southern Lapwing=A0 Spur-winged Lapwing Silver Gull=A0 Nicobar Pigeon Emerald Dove=A0 Rock Pigeon Common WoodPigeon=A0 Luzon Bleedingheart=A0 Diamond Dove=A0 Bar-shouldered Dove =A0Zebra Dove=A0 Crested Pigeon=A0 Spinifex Pigeon=A0 Partridge Pigeon=A0 Wonga Pigeon=A0 Common Bronzewing=A0 Blue-headed Quail-Dove=A0 Island CollaredDove Spotted Dove Eurasian CollaredDove Ringed Turtle-Dove Spectacled Owl=A0 Black-throated Mango=A0 Black-throated MagpieJay=A0 White-necked Raven=A0 Carrion Crow=A0 Cuban Crow=A0 House Crow=A0 Azure Jay=A0 San Blas Jay=A0 Rufous Treepie=A0 Eurasian Jay=A0 Red-billed=A0Chough=A0 Blue Magpie=A0(=3DRed-billed Blue-Magpie) Japanese Skylark=A0 Wood Lark Calandra Lark=A0 Mongolian=A0Lark=A0 Blue Tit=A0 Great Tit Varied Tit=A0 White-throated (=3DEurasian) Dipper=A0 Japanese Bush-Warbler Blackcap=A0 White-rumped=A0Shama Oriental Magpie-Robin=A0 European Robin Japanese Robin=A0 Ryukyu Robin=A0 Common (=3DEuropean) Nightingale=A0 Indian Robin=A0 Song Thrush=A0 Dark-throated Thrush=A0 Hedge Accentor (=3DDunnock) Red-hooded Tanager Blue-gray Tanager=A0 Red-legged=A0Honeycreeper=A0 Yellowhammer Yellow Cardinal Greater Antillean=A0Bullfinch=A0 Cuban Bullfinch=A0 Yellow-billed Cardinal Red-crested Cardinal Red-cowled Cardinal=A0 Red-capped Cardinal=A0 Saffron Finch Cuban Grassquit=A0 Orange-breasted Bunting=A0 Montezuma Oropendola=A0 Troupial Spot-breasted Oriole Red-breasted=A0Blackbird (=3DGreater Red-breasted=A0Meadowlark)=A0 Eurasian Linnet=A0 European Goldfinch=A0 European Greenfinch=A0 Red Siskin Hooded Siskin=A0 Parrot Crossbill Island (=3DCommon) Canary White-rumped=A0Seedeater=A0 Yellow-fronted=A0Canary The MBTA also does not apply to=A0many other bird species, including=20 (1)=A0nonnative species that have not been=A0introduced into the U.S. or=20= its=A0territories, and (2) species (native or=A0nonnative) that belong = to=20 the families=A0not referred to in any of the four treaties=A0underlying = the=20 MBTA. The second=A0category includes the Tinamidae=A0(tinamous), = Cracidae=20 (chachalacas),=A0Phasianidae (grouse, ptarmigan, and=A0turkeys),=20 Odontophoridae (New World=A0quail), Burhinidae = (thick-knees),=A0Glareolidae=20 (pratincoles), Pteroclididae=A0(sandgrouse), Psittacidae=20 (parrots),=A0Todidae (todies), Dicruridae (drongos),=A0Meliphagidae=20 (honeyeaters),=A0Monarchidae (monarchs), Pycnonotidae=A0(bulbuls),=20 Sylviinae (Old World=A0warblers, except as listed in Russian=A0treaty),=20= Muscicapidae (Old World=A0flycatchers, except as listed in=20 Russian=A0treaty), Timaliidae (wrentits),=A0Zosteropidae (white-eyes),=20= Sturnidae=A0(starlings, except as listed in Japanese=A0treaty), = Coerebidae=20 (bananaquits),=A0Drepanidinae (Hawaiian=A0honeycreepers), Passeridae = (Old=20 World=A0sparrows, including house or English=A0sparrow), Ploceidae=20 (weavers), and=A0Estrildidae (estrildid finches), as well as=A0numerous=20= other families not represented in the United States or its territories.=20= A=A0partial list of the nonnative human introduced species included in=20= category=A02 is available at http:// migratorybirds.fws.gov.=A0 =A0 Author John L. Trapp, U.S. Fish and Wildlife=A0Service, Division of=20 Migratory Bird=A0Management, Mail Stop 4107, 4501=A0North Fairfax Drive,=20= Arlington, VA=A022203. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service=A0 =A0 Final List of Bird Species to Which the Migratory Bird Treaty Act Does=20= Not=A0Apply =A0 SUMMARY: We are publishing a final list=A0of the nonnative bird species=20= that have=A0been introduced by humans into the=A0United States or its=20 territories and to=A0which the Migratory Bird Treaty Act=A0(MBTA) does = not=20 apply. This action is=A0required by the Migratory Bird Treaty=A0Reform = Act=20 (MBTRA) of 2004. The=A0MBTRA amends the MBTA by stating=A0that it = applies=20 only to migratory bird=A0species that are native to the United=A0States = or=20 its territories, and that a native=A0migratory bird is one that is=20 present as=A0a result of natural biological or=A0ecological processes. = This=20 notice=A0identifies those species that are not=A0protected by the MBTA,=20= even though=A0they belong to biological families=A0referred to in = treaties=20 that the MBTA=A0implements, as their presence in the=A0United States and=20= its territories is solely=A0the result of intentional or=20 unintentional=A0human-assisted introductions. =A0 The Final List: What Are the Bird=A0Species Not Protected by the = MBTA?=A0We=20 made this list as comprehensive=A0as possible by including all=20 nonnative,=A0human-assisted species that belong to=A0any of the families=20= referred to in the=A0treaties and whose occurrence(s) in the=A0United=20 States and its territories have=A0been documented in the=20 scientific=A0literature. It is not, however, an=A0exhaustive list of all=20= the nonnative=A0species that could potentially appear in=A0the United=20 States or its territories as a=A0result of human assistance. New=20 species=A0of nonnative birds are being reported=A0annually in the United=20= States, and it is=A0impossible to predict which species=A0might appear = in=20 the near future.=A0The appearance of a species on this=A0list does not=20= preclude its addition to the=A0list of migratory birds protected by=20 the=A0MBTA (50 CFR 10.13) at some later date=A0should substantial = evidence=20 come to=A0light confirming natural occurrence in=A0the United States or = its=20 territories.=A0The 125 species on this list are=A0arranged by family=20 according to the=A0American Ornithologists=92 Union (1998,=A0as amended = by=20 Banks et al. 2003).=A0Within families, species are=20 arranged=A0alphabetically by scientific name.=A0Common and scientific = names=20 follow=A0Monroe and Sibley (1993). =A0 Mandarin Duck Egyptian Goose Hottentot Teal Philippine Duck=A0 Graylag Goose Domestic Goose=A0 Swan Goose=A0 Bar-headed Goose=A0 Red-breasted Goose=A0 Ringed Teal Maned Duck=A0 Coscoroba Swan Black Swan=A0 Black-necked=A0Swan=A0 Mute Swan=A0 White-faced Whistling-Duck=A0 Orinoco Goose=A0 Rosy-billed Pochard=A0 Red-crested Pochard=A0 Cotton Pygmygoose=A0 Ruddy Shelduck=A0 Common Shelduck=A0 Great White=A0Pelican=A0 Pink-backed Pelican =A0Red-legged Cormorant=A0 Oriental Darter Eurasian Spoonbill Sacred Ibis=A0 Abdim=92s Stork=A0 White Stork=A0 Woolly-necked Stork=A0 Black-necked=A0Stork King Vulture=A0 Chilean=A0Flamingo=A0 Lesser Flamingo Red-backed Hawk=A0 Great Black-Hawk=A0 Griffon-type Old World vulture=A0 Gray-necked Wood-Rail=A0 Black Crowned-Crane Gray Crowned-Crane Sarus Crane=A0 Demoiselle Crane=A0 Southern Lapwing=A0 Spur-winged Lapwing Silver Gull=A0 Nicobar Pigeon Emerald Dove=A0 Rock Pigeon Common WoodPigeon=A0 Luzon Bleedingheart=A0 Diamond Dove=A0 Bar-shouldered Dove =A0Zebra Dove=A0 Crested Pigeon=A0 Spinifex Pigeon=A0 Partridge Pigeon=A0 Wonga Pigeon=A0 Common Bronzewing=A0 Blue-headed Quail-Dove=A0 Island CollaredDove Spotted Dove Eurasian CollaredDove Ringed Turtle-Dove Spectacled Owl=A0 =A0Black-throated Mango=A0 Black-throated MagpieJay=A0 White-necked Raven=A0 Carrion Crow=A0 Cuban Crow=A0 House Crow=A0 Azure Jay=A0 San Blas Jay=A0 Rufous Treepie=A0 Eurasian Jay=A0 Red-billed=A0Chough=A0 Blue Magpie=A0(=3DRed-billed Blue-Magpie) Japanese Skylark=A0 Wood Lark Calandra Lark=A0 Mongolian=A0Lark=A0 Blue Tit=A0 Great Tit Varied Tit=A0 White-throated (=3DEurasian) Dipper=A0 Japanese Bush-Warbler Blackcap=A0 White-rumped=A0Shama Oriental Magpie-Robin=A0 European Robin Japanese Robin=A0 Ryukyu Robin=A0 Common (=3DEuropean) Nightingale=A0 Indian Robin=A0 Song Thrush=A0 Dark-throated Thrush=A0 Hedge Accentor (=3DDunnock) Red-hooded Tanager Blue-gray Tanager=A0 Red-legged=A0Honeycreeper=A0 Yellowhammer Yellow Cardinal Greater Antillean=A0Bullfinch=A0 Cuban Bullfinch=A0 Yellow-billed Cardinal Red-crested Cardinal Red-cowled Cardinal=A0 Red-capped Cardinal=A0 Saffron Finch Cuban Grassquit=A0 Orange-breasted Bunting=A0 Montezuma Oropendola=A0 Troupial Spot-breasted Oriole Red-breasted=A0Blackbird (=3DGreater Red-breasted=A0Meadowlark)=A0 Eurasian Linnet=A0 European Goldfinch=A0 European Greenfinch=A0 Red Siskin Hooded Siskin=A0 Parrot Crossbill Island (=3DCommon) Canary White-rumped=A0Seedeater=A0 Yellow-fronted=A0Canary The MBTA also does not apply to=A0many other bird species, including=20 (1)=A0nonnative species that have not been=A0introduced into the U.S. or=20= its=A0territories, and (2) species (native or=A0nonnative) that belong = to=20 the families=A0not referred to in any of the four treaties=A0underlying = the=20 MBTA. The second=A0category includes the Tinamidae=A0(tinamous), = Cracidae=20 (chachalacas),=A0Phasianidae (grouse, ptarmigan, and=A0turkeys),=20 Odontophoridae (New World=A0quail), Burhinidae = (thick-knees),=A0Glareolidae=20 (pratincoles), Pteroclididae=A0(sandgrouse), Psittacidae=20 (parrots),=A0Todidae (todies), Dicruridae (drongos),=A0Meliphagidae=20 (honeyeaters),=A0Monarchidae (monarchs), Pycnonotidae=A0(bulbuls),=20 Sylviinae (Old World=A0warblers, except as listed in Russian=A0treaty),=20= Muscicapidae (Old World=A0flycatchers, except as listed in=20 Russian=A0treaty), Timaliidae (wrentits),=A0Zosteropidae (white-eyes),=20= Sturnidae=A0(starlings, except as listed in Japanese=A0treaty), = Coerebidae=20 (bananaquits),=A0Drepanidinae (Hawaiian=A0honeycreepers), Passeridae = (Old=20 World=A0sparrows, including house or English=A0sparrow), Ploceidae=20 (weavers), and=A0Estrildidae (estrildid finches), as well as=A0numerous=20= other families not represented in the United States or its territories.=20= A=A0partial list of the nonnative human introduced species included in=20= category=A02 is available at http:// migratorybirds.fws.gov.=A0 Author John L. Trapp, U.S. Fish and Wildlife=A0Service, Division of=20 Migratory Bird=A0Management, Mail Stop 4107, 4501=A0North Fairfax Drive,=20= Arlington, VA=A022203.
