Victoria Heller wrote:
> 
> Through affirmative action and welfare/entitlement programs.  It hasn't helped.
> 
We have not paid any reparations. Affirmative action was and
is designed so that we do not lose millions of people's
talents to the work force through stupidities like racism,
sexism, classism, etc. In a direct way it helps many
thousands of people get and keep jobs which match their
skills and education. It was created to change a foul
usiness/government  habit by insisting that we will consider
people for their talents and we will hold people in
positions to make those decisions accountable for their
actions to the nation. 
Indirectly it produced a bumper crop of benefits--from
working as a bus driver or snow plower to teaching at a
university as a PHD or working on your insides as an MD, or
DDS. And committing bazillions to the tax base. 
Further, it built on the continuing struggle of all people
to be judged on their merits and considered good potential
candidates for jobs. Thirty or so years later, it is far
more likely that my bright foster daughter will get a job
that engages her brains so that we all get the benefits
(she's Black, Queer, and has a middle Eastern name). It is a
way of us all holding ourselves to account for doing right
by people as a general principle.

Welfare/Entitlement programs are not reparations. Welfare
was initiated during the Great Depression (other econmic
depressions being only good or so-so depressions) because
millions of people, primrily White people, were literally
starving to death in this country. They are now used in a
different way, but they serve the same purpose--they keep us
from having huge strikes, dissident groups with the
determination to bring down the nation, and other
discontents of civilization. It's a cheap, degrading way to
keep the wheels of industry humming along. All told, it
takes less than 1% of our national resources. During the
period since 1933?), all the folks who received those
insulting donations were too busy filling out forms,
listening to lectures from perhaps well meaning, but utterly
clueless representatives of the system telling them to "fix"
themselves so they can be part of the system.
Reparations, on the other hand, are the wages of sin.
They're designed to ask the forgiveness of the offended
parties. Though they never cover the pain inflicted on
people, they mark the official apology into the
Congressional Register, the Treasury's balance sheets, and,
if used wisely (by their self-chosen standards) by the
offended parties, who can indeed improve their economic
circumstances with a mega-dose of one of the best cures for
poverty--money. The official apology automatically admits
that the sin happened, and that it was a sin--a crime
against humanity.
We have not made our apology as a nation to the Africans and
African Americans, the issue of people brought here enslaved
and against their will to essentially build, clothe and feed
this baby nation from the beginning through the Emancipation
Proclamtion, as I understood it.
WizardMarks, Central
> 
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