Stafen and Chris, Thank you for your reply. The problem is not with programming. *If* I was able to start flashing, it would be successful. The supply should not be the problem, because it's able to source at least 150 mA continuously. But somehow it is possible to lock the MSP430 via JTAG in a way that not even a manual reset is possible. Chris, you are right. An internal power switch would have been helpful. But 1) it costs money and 2) I never had this kind of problem with other controllers. A reset button is normally a good as a power switch. I will try to further investigate this.
Regards, Ralf