Chris Liechti <cliechti <at> gmx.net> writes:
>
>
> Am 21.12.2010 14:09, schrieb devebox:
> >> msp430-gcc -Wall -Os -c m.c -o m.o
> >> msp430-gcc -Wall -Os -c add2.c -o add2.o
> >> msp430-ld -r --unresolved-symbols=ignore-in-object-files --strip-all
> > -o m.cm m.o add2.o
>
> note that the C compiler uses things from the libraries libc and libgcc.
> when you call "ld" these are not added automatically. the symbols are
> missing (zero) in your readelf outout because you don't link the libraries.
>
> it's recommended to use also "gcc" as command for the linking. it
> automatically adds the required libs. thus, just replace "msp430-ld"
> with "msp430-gcc".
>
> chris
>
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Hi Chris,
Thanks much for the tip. I intentionally wanted to leave out the standard
libraries. I am compiling a loadable module for the contiki OS. The OS core
contains definitions of lib symbols and it provides a dynamic linker/loader
that is suppose to hook up the undefined symbols in my module with the
definitions in core. I used the "--unresolved-symbol" option for this reason.
To check if missing lib is indeed the culprit, I replaced msp430-ld with
msp430-gcc, but also added -Wl, and -mmcu options to pass options to the linker,
and to avoid a complain about "the region .text is full".
> make m.cm
msp430-gcc -mmcu=msp430x1611 -Wall -Os -c m.c -o m.o
msp430-gcc -mmcu=msp430x1611 -Wall -Os -c add2.c -o add2.o
msp430-gcc -mmcu=msp430x1611 -Wl,-r \
-Wl,--unresolved-symbols=ignore-in-object-files \
-Wl,--strip-all -o m.cm m.o add2.o
> readelf -a m.cm
Relocation section '.rela.text' at offset 0x9a8 contains 63 entries:
Offset Info Type Sym.Value Sym. Name + Addend
00000008 00000d05 R_MSP430_16_BYTE 00000752 _etext + 0
0000000c 00002a05 R_MSP430_16_BYTE 00000000 __data_start + 0
00000010 00002605 R_MSP430_16_BYTE 00000000 _edata + 0
00000022 00001e05 R_MSP430_16_BYTE 00000000 __bss_start + 0
00000026 00001305 R_MSP430_16_BYTE 00000000 __bss_end + 0
00000038 00002103 R_MSP430_16 00000078 main + 0
0000003c 00001a03 R_MSP430_16 0000003e _unexpected_ + 0
0000007a 00002505 R_MSP430_16_BYTE 00003900 __stack + 0
00000082 00000105 R_MSP430_16_BYTE 00000000 .text + 0 (A)
00000086 00000c05 R_MSP430_16_BYTE 000000ca printf + 0
0000008e 00002705 R_MSP430_16_BYTE 000000b2 add2 + 0
00000094 00000105 R_MSP430_16_BYTE 00000000 .text + 19 (B)
00000098 00000c05 R_MSP430_16_BYTE 000000ca printf + 0
000000a0 00000e03 R_MSP430_16 00000724 __stop_progExec__ + 0
000000ba 00000105 R_MSP430_16_BYTE 00000000 .text + 0 (C)
000000be 00000c05 R_MSP430_16_BYTE 000000ca printf + 0
000000d4 00000b05 R_MSP430_16_BYTE 00000000 putchar + 0
000000d8 00001c05 R_MSP430_16_BYTE 00000140 vuprintf + 0
000000f4 00000403 R_MSP430_16 00000000 .bss + 0
000000fc 00000303 R_MSP430_16 00000000 .data + 0
00000122 00000403 R_MSP430_16 00000000 .bss + 0
(truncated)
However, I still get the zero addend at (C) which is the argument to
the printf statement in add2.c.
I wondered if this problem is specific to msp430, so I tried to compile
that some source files for avr:
> make m.cm
avr-gcc -mmcu=atmega1284p -Wall -O2 -c m.c -o m.o
avr-gcc -mmcu=atmega1284p -Wall -O2 -c add2.c -o add2.o
avr-gcc -mmcu=atmega1284p -O2 -Wl,-r \
-Wl,--unresolved-symbols=ignore-in-object-files \
-Wl,--strip-all -o m.cm m.o add2.o
> readelf -r m.cm
(trancrated)
000000a6 00000203 R_AVR_13_PCREL 00000000 .text + ac
000000ac 00002106 R_AVR_LO8_LDI 00000000 __data_end + 0
000000b0 00000202 R_AVR_7_PCREL 00000000 .text + a8
000000c2 00002712 R_AVR_CALL 000000ce main + 0
000000c6 00003312 R_AVR_CALL 000006c2 exit + 0
000000ce 00000203 R_AVR_13_PCREL 00000000 .text + d0
000000d0 00000203 R_AVR_13_PCREL 00000000 .text + d2
000000d2 00000106 R_AVR_LO8_LDI 00000000 .data + 0 (A)
000000d4 00000107 R_AVR_HI8_LDI 00000000 .data + 0
000000e6 00000712 R_AVR_CALL 00000152 printf + 0
000000f6 00003412 R_AVR_CALL 00000120 add2 + 0
000000fa 00000203 R_AVR_13_PCREL 00000000 .text + fc
000000fc 00000203 R_AVR_13_PCREL 00000000 .text + fe
000000fe 00000106 R_AVR_LO8_LDI 00000000 .data + 19 (B)
00000100 00000107 R_AVR_HI8_LDI 00000000 .data + 19
0000010e 00000712 R_AVR_CALL 00000152 printf + 0
00000126 00000203 R_AVR_13_PCREL 00000000 .text + 128
00000128 00000203 R_AVR_13_PCREL 00000000 .text + 12a
0000012a 00000106 R_AVR_LO8_LDI 00000000 .data + 38 (C)
0000012c 00000107 R_AVR_HI8_LDI 00000000 .data + 38
0000013a 00000712 R_AVR_CALL 00000152 printf + 0
000006c4 00000203 R_AVR_13_PCREL 00000000 .text + 6c4
000000b2 00001307 R_AVR_HI8_LDI 00000000 __bss_end + 0
000000b4 00002606 R_AVR_LO8_LDI 00000000 __bss_start + 0
000000b6 00002607 R_AVR_HI8_LDI 00000000 __bss_start + 0
000000b8 00000203 R_AVR_13_PCREL 00000000 .text + bc
000000bc 00001306 R_AVR_LO8_LDI 00000000 __bss_end + 0
(trancated)
In this case avr-gcc decided to put the printf arguments into the .data
section, but otherwise the addends are correct for all three printf
statements.
I use gcc version 3.2.3, but I also tried mspgcc4 (with gcc version 4.4.3)
and got the same results.
Please kindly let me know if I'm missing something. Thanks a lot.
Martin
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