I am not sure if this is by design or otherwise, but I was trying to
compile some MSP430 code that used the naked attribute for a function
and found that if -O0 optimization was set for the compile, the
attribute was ignored resulting in non functional code. For -O1 or -Os
the expected code was generated.
The code is like this .
__attribute__((naked, weak))
void port_switch(Thread *ntp, Thread *otp) {
register struct intctx *sp asm("r1");
asm volatile ("push r11 \n\t" \
"push r10 \n\t" \
........
"push r4" : : : "memory");
otp->p_ctx.sp = sp;
sp = ntp->p_ctx.sp;
asm volatile ("pop r4 \n\t" \
"pop r5 \n\t" \
...........
"pop r11 \n\t" \
"ret" : : "r" (sp) : "memory");
}
And with -O0 the lst looks like this which is definitely not functional.
14 port_switch:
15 .LFB0:
16 .file 1 "../../os/ports/GCC/MSP430/chcore.c"
17 .loc 1 47 0
18 0000 814F 0000 mov r15, @r1
19 0004 814E 0200 mov r14, 2(r1)
20 .loc 1 50 0
21 #APP
22 ; 50 "../../os/ports/GCC/MSP430/chcore.c" 1
23 0008 0B12 push r11
............
30 0016 0412 push r4
31 ; 0 "" 2
32 .loc 1 58 0
33 #NOAPP
34 0018 0E41 mov r1, r14
35 001a 1F41 0200 mov 2(r1), r15
36 001e 8F4E 0600 mov r14, 6(r15)
37 .loc 1 60 0
38 0022 2F41 mov @r1, r15
39 0024 1F4F 0600 mov 6(r15), r15
40 0028 014F mov r15, r1
41 .loc 1 62 0
42 002a 0F41 mov r1, r15
43 #APP
44 ; 62 "../../os/ports/GCC/MSP430/chcore.c" 1
45 002c 3441 pop r4
....................................
If the naked is removed, the compiler produces identical code as -O0 +
naked.
For -O1 the code lst is like this.
14 port_switch:
15 .LFB0:
16 .file 1 "../../os/ports/GCC/MSP430/chcore.c"
17 .loc 1 47 0
18 .LVL0:
19 .loc 1 50 0
20 #APP
21 ; 50 "../..//os/ports/GCC/MSP430/chcore.c" 1
22 0000 0B12 push r11
............
29 000e 0412 push r4
30 ; 0 "" 2
31 .loc 1 58 0
32 #NOAPP
33 0010 8E41 0600 mov r1, 6(r14)
34 .loc 1 60 0
35 0014 114F 0600 mov 6(r15), r1
36 .LVL1:
37 .loc 1 62 0
38 0018 0F41 mov r1, r15
39 .LVL2:
40 #APP
41 ; 62 "../../os/ports/GCC/MSP430/chcore.c" 1
42 001a 3441 pop r4
.................
49 0028 3B41 pop r11
50 002a 3041 ret
Which is what is required although line 38 is superfluous.
Information on naked is a bit difficult to come by. The GCC manual states.
|naked|
Use this attribute on the ARM, AVR, MCORE, RX and SPU ports to
indicate that the specified function does not need prologue/epilogue
sequences generated by the compiler. It is up to the programmer to
provide these sequences. The only statements that can be safely
included in naked functions are |asm| statements that do not have
operands. All other statements, including declarations of local
variables, |if| statements, and so forth, should be avoided. Naked
functions should be used to implement the body of an assembly
function, while allowing the compiler to construct the requisite
function declaration for the assembler.
So perhaps it was expecting a bit much for this code to produce the
correct machine code.
But that aside, when the C code is replaced with assembler, there would
still be unintended writes to the stack.
Regards
Chris Healy
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