Dear Dr. Oscar Fuentes,
buenas tardes,

muchos gracias por el correo electronico.

that is true, that the previous example was copied from Internet.

i have Windows 7 (64-bit), and Msys2 (Mingw64) installed in my computer.
in the past i learned some basics of masm/tasm (16-bit) assembler.

i have additional questions. i would appreciate if you could answer my 
questions.

1) are nasm-, and yasm-assemblers, that are installed in Msys2 (Mingw64), 
different from those, that are installed in Linux ? 

2) what is the command line (in Msys2-Mingw64) parameters (options) (that is 
how it looks like) to compile a nasm-assembly code ?

3) what kind of, and how to use a linker in Msys2-Mingw64 to link an object 
file, that is produced as a result of nasm-assembler compilation, to get an 
"executable"-file ?

4) is NASM, that is included (installed) in Msys2-Mingw64 (in Windows 7/10), 
different from that of Linux version ?

5) is/are there tutorial(s) in Internet, that describes NASM-assembler, and 
YASM-assembler, and its use (how to compile, and how to link, including a type 
of the linker) both in Windows (64-bit, and 32-bit), and in Linux (64-bit, and 
32-bit), including Msys2 (Mingw64) environment in Windows 7 (64-bit) ?

muchos gracias.

con respeto

Il'dar


04.03.2020, 22:54, "Óscar Fuentes" <o...@wanadoo.es>:
> Il'dar Al'Miev <ialm...@yandex.ru> writes:
>
>>  Hello,
>>
>>  i installed nasm, and yasm (Assembler) in Msys2 (Mingw64). using a
>>  command "nasm -f elf helloworld.asm" produces the object file
>>  "helloworld.o" (i downloaded the asm-file, that is demonstrated below,
>>  from Internet).
>>
>>  now, i am trying to link, using the command "ld -m elf_i386 helloworld.o -o 
>> helloworld.exe". however, this command produces pseudo-symbols, and the 
>> file, helloworld.exe, is not produced.
>>
>>  i would appreciate someone's help to solve the problem (that is, how to 
>> compile, and to link, correctly, assembly-files).
>
> Windows does not use elf. Why do you use `-f` and `-m` parameters?
>
> Apart from that, your assembler seems copied from some linux tutorial.
> Windows does not use int 80 for invoking kernel functions.
>
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