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From: RajashekarM
Message 7 in Discussion
Hi,
Try using COLUMNS_UPDATED() , this is bitwise operations.
You need to derive at which column it got updated depending on the formula. If
you have an access to SQL Server books you will be able to solve it properly.
I have copied the code or example provided in SQL Books Online:
E. Use COLUMNS_UPDATED
This example creates two tables: an employeeData table and an auditEmployeeData
table. The employeeData table, which holds sensitive employee payroll
information, can be modified by members of the human resources department. If
the employee's social security number (SSN), yearly salary, or bank account
number is changed, an audit record is generated and inserted into the
auditEmployeeData audit table.
By using the COLUMNS_UPDATED() function, it is possible to test quickly for any
changes to these columns that contain sensitive employee information. This use
of COLUMNS_UPDATED() only works if you are trying to detect changes to the
first 8 columns in the table.USE pubs
IF EXISTS(SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'employeeData')
DROP TABLE employeeData
IF EXISTS(SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'auditEmployeeData')
DROP TABLE auditEmployeeData
GO
CREATE TABLE employeeData (
emp_id int NOT NULL,
emp_bankAccountNumber char (10) NOT NULL,
emp_salary int NOT NULL,
emp_SSN char (11) NOT NULL,
emp_lname nchar (32) NOT NULL,
emp_fname nchar (32) NOT NULL,
emp_manager int NOT NULL
)
GO
CREATE TABLE auditEmployeeData (
audit_log_id uniqueidentifier DEFAULT NEWID(),
audit_log_type char (3) NOT NULL,
audit_emp_id int NOT NULL,
audit_emp_bankAccountNumber char (10) NULL,
audit_emp_salary int NULL,
audit_emp_SSN char (11) NULL,
audit_user sysname DEFAULT SUSER_SNAME(),
audit_changed datetime DEFAULT GETDATE()
)
GO
CREATE TRIGGER updEmployeeData
ON employeeData
FOR update AS
/*Check whether columns 2, 3 or 4 has been updated. If any or all of columns 2,
3 or 4 have been changed, create an audit record. The bitmask is:
power(2,(2-1))+power(2,(3-1))+power(2,(4-1)) = 14. To check if all columns 2,
3, and 4 are updated, use = 14 in place of >0 (below).*/
IF (COLUMNS_UPDATED() & 14) > 0
/*Use IF (COLUMNS_UPDATED() & 14) = 14 to see if all of columns 2, 3, and 4 are
updated.*/
BEGIN
-- Audit OLD record.
INSERT INTO auditEmployeeData
(audit_log_type,
audit_emp_id,
audit_emp_bankAccountNumber,
audit_emp_salary,
audit_emp_SSN)
SELECT 'OLD',
del.emp_id,
del.emp_bankAccountNumber,
del.emp_salary,
del.emp_SSN
FROM deleted del
-- Audit NEW record.
INSERT INTO auditEmployeeData
(audit_log_type,
audit_emp_id,
audit_emp_bankAccountNumber,
audit_emp_salary,
audit_emp_SSN)
SELECT 'NEW',
ins.emp_id,
ins.emp_bankAccountNumber,
ins.emp_salary,
ins.emp_SSN
FROM inserted ins
END
GO
/*Inserting a new employee does not cause the UPDATE trigger to fire.*/
INSERT INTO employeeData
VALUES ( 101, 'USA-987-01', 23000, 'R-M53550M', N'Mendel', N'Roland', 32)
GO
/*Updating the employee record for employee number 101 to change the salary to
51000 causes the UPDATE trigger to fire and an audit trail to be produced.*/
UPDATE employeeData
SET emp_salary = 51000
WHERE emp_id = 101
GO
SELECT * FROM auditEmployeeData
GO
/*Updating the employee record for employee number 101 to change both the bank
account number and social security number (SSN) causes the UPDATE trigger to
fire and an audit trail to be produced.*/
UPDATE employeeData
SET emp_bankAccountNumber = '133146A0', emp_SSN = 'R-M53550M'
WHERE emp_id = 101
GO
SELECT * FROM auditEmployeeData
GO
F. Use COLUMNS_UPDATED to test more than 8 columns
If you must test for updates that affect columns other than the first 8 columns
in a table, you must use the SUBSTRING function to test the proper bit returned
by COLUMNS_UPDATED. This example tests for updates that affect columns 3, 5, or
9 in the Northwind.dbo.Customers table.USE Northwind
DROP TRIGGER tr1
GO
CREATE TRIGGER tr1 ON Customers
FOR UPDATE AS
IF ( (SUBSTRING(COLUMNS_UPDATED(),1,1)=power(2,(3-1))
+ power(2,(5-1)))
AND (SUBSTRING(COLUMNS_UPDATED(),2,1)=power(2,(1-1)))
)
PRINT 'Columns 3, 5 and 9 updated'
GO
UPDATE Customers
SET ContactName=ContactName,
Address=Address,
Country=Country
GO
regards,
Raj
From: "Pankil" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: "MumbaiUserGroup" <[email protected]>
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED], [email protected]
Subject: Re: SQL Audit Trigger
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2006 23:17:30 -0800
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New Message on MumbaiUserGroup
SQL Audit Trigger
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Message 4 in Discussion
From: Pankil
Hi Raj,
Thanks for quick response. I have also tried with the IF UPDATE but here also I
have to pass column name that means I have to loop through all the columns and
check for individual column updated or not. Is there a way where I can find
list of all columns being updated?
Regards,
Pankil
From: "Rajashekar M" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: [email protected]
CC: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: RE: SQL Audit Trigger
Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2006 06:31:56 +0000
Hi Pankil,
You can use the following keyword of SQL Server "IF UPDATE clause" to know
which column got updated. It returns you true then it means the column got
changed.
For detail example pls look into SQL Server Online books, you will find the
exact sysntaxt to use.
If you feel still required help, let me know
Ex: CREATE TABLE my_table*
(a int NULL, b int NULL)
GO
CREATE TRIGGER my_trig
ON my_table
FOR INSERT
AS
IF UPDATE(b)
PRINT 'Column b Modified'
GO
Regards,
Raj
From: "Pankil" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: "MumbaiUserGroup" <[email protected]>
To: "MumbaiUserGroup" <[email protected]>
Subject: SQL Audit Trigger
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2006 21:25:49 -0800
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New Message on MumbaiUserGroup
SQL Audit Trigger
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Message 1 in Discussion
From: Pankil
Hi,
I want to log an Audit for all records being inserted, update & deleted in
another table of following format ..
Audit Table
-----------
Type Varchar(1) --- This will store 'I', 'U' or 'D'
TableName Varchar(100) --Tablename
PK Varchar(400) --Stores primarykey name & value of that table
ColumnName Varchar(100) --Field
NewValue Varchar(200) --Value being inserted
OldValue Varchar(200) --Old value in case of Update/Delete
Say for example I am creating a trigger on Table Test having follwing structure
Test
----
PKTest int --
PKTest1 int -- PKTest & PKTest1 being composite primary key
F1 Varchar(5)
F2 Varchar(10)
firing following queries in Test Table
1. insert into Test Values (1, 1, 'A', 'B')
2. insert into Test Values (1, 2, 'A1', 'B1')
3. Update Test Set F1 = 'C' Where PKTest = 1 and PKTest1 = 1
Now Requirement is following data needs to be logged in to Audit Table
Case 1.
Type = 'I'
TableName = 'Test'
PK = 'PKTest=1|PKTest1=1'
ColumnName = F1
NewValue = 'A'
OldValue = Null
Case 2.
Type = 'I'
TableName = 'Test'
PK = 'PKTest=1|PKTest1=2'
ColumnName = F1
NewValue = 'A1'
OldValue = Null
Case 3.
Type = 'I'
TableName = 'Test'
PK = 'PKTest=1|PKTest1=1'
ColumnName = F1
NewValue = 'C'
OldValue = 'A'
I am able to achive this output but the trigger I used is using a loop through
All columns and check if column is updated or not .. if yes then insert into
audit log .. For current scenario there is no issues and works fine ... but
issue arises when I want to write the trigger on a table having more than 60
columns this slow down the inserts and update.
Is there any better way to write this trigger instead of looping through the
column list and check for each column?
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