Bismillahir Rahmanir
Raheem
FRIDAY KHUTBAH Etiquette of travelling to
Hajj and elsewhere Is there a particular etiquette that the traveller should
pay
attention to,
especially when travelling to Hajj?.
Praise be to Allaah.
There are many points of etiquette to be followed by the
traveller, which the scholars have compiled. One of those who compiled these
rulings well was al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him), in his book
al-Majmoo (4/264-287), where he mentions sixty-two points of etiquette. We
will mention some of them in brief, and anyone who wants to know more may
consult the writings of al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him).
He said:
Chapter on the etiquette of travelling:
This is an important topic, for which there is a great
need.
Our aim here is to refer to this etiquette in brief.
1 When a person wants to travel, it is mustahabb for him
to consult those whose religious commitment, experience and knowledge he trusts
about travelling at that time. The one who is consulted must be sincere in
offering advice and avoid being influenced by whims and desires. Allaah says
(interpretation of the meaning):
and consult them in the affairs
[Aal Imraan 3:159]
The saheeh ahaadeeth indicate that the people used to
consult the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) with regard to
their affairs.
2 Once he has decided to travel, the Sunnah is to seek
Allaahs guidance by praying istikhaarah. So he should pray two rakahs of
non-obligatory prayer, then recite the duaa of istikhaarah.
3 If he has decided to travel for Hajj or jihad or any
other purpose, he should start by repenting from all sins and makrooh actions,
and he should put right any wrongs he has done towards people and pay off
whatever he can of the debts he owes them; he should also return anything that
has been entrusted to him and seek forgiveness from anyone with whom he has any
dealings or friendship. He should write his will and have it witnessed, and he
should appoint someone to pay off the debts that he was not able to pay. He
should also leave with his family and those on whom he is obliged to spend
enough funds to cover their needs until he returns.
4 He should seek to please his parents and those whom he
is obliged to honour and obey.
5 If he is travelling for Hajj or jihad or any other
purpose, he should strive to ensure that his funds are halaal and free from any
suspicion. If he goes against this and goes for Hajj or jihad with wealth that
has been seized by force, he is a sinner and although his Hajj or jihad may be
outwardly valid, it will not be a proper Hajj (Hajj mabroor).
6 It is mustahabb for the one who is travelling to Hajj
or for any other purpose for which provision is carried to take a great deal of
provision and money with him, so that he can share them with those who are in
need. His provisions should be good (i.e., halaal), because Allaah says
(interpretation of the meaning):
O you who believe! Spend of the good things which you have
(legally) earned, and of that which We have produced from the earth for you,
and do not aim at that which is bad to spend from it
[al-Baqarah 2:267]
He should give willingly so that it will be more likely to
be accepted.
7 If he wants to travel for Hajj or jihad, he should
learn about how they are to be done, for no act of worship is valid if done by
one who does not know it properly. It is mustahabb for the one who wants to do
Hajj to take with him a clear book about the rituals which also speaks about
their aims, and he should read it constantly and often throughout his journey,
so that it will become fixed in his mind. Hence there is the fear that for some
of the common folk, their Hajj will not be valid because they fail to fulfill
one of the conditions and so on. And some of them may imitate some of the
common folk of Makkah, thinking that they know the rituals properly and thus
being deceived by them. That is a serious mistake. Similarly in the case of one
who is going out for jihad etc, it is recommended for him to take a book which
speaks of what he needs to know, and the warrior should learn what he needs to
know about fighting and the duaas to be said at that time, and the
prohibitions on treachery, killing women and children, and so on. The one who
is travelling for the purpose of trade should learn what he needs to know about
buying and selling, which transactions are valid and which are invalid, what is
halaal and what is haraam, and so on.
8 It is mustahabb for him to seek a companion who desires
good and hates evil, so that if he forgets, he can remind him, if he remembers,
he can help him, and if he happens to be a man of knowledge, he should stick
with him, because he will help him to avoid bad attitudes such as boredom with
travel and he can help him to maintain a noble attitude and encourage him to do
so.
He should also be keen to please his companion throughout
the journey. Each of them should put up with the other and view his companion
with respect, and be patient with whatever he may do at some times.
9 It is mustahabb for him to bid farewell to his family,
neighbours, friends and all his loved ones. He should bid them farewell and he
should say to each of them: I place your religion, your faithfulness and the
ends of your deeds in the trust of Allaah. The one who is staying behind
should say to the traveller: May Allaah bless you with taqwa and forgive you
your sins and make goodness easy for you wherever you are.
10 It is Sunnah to say the following duaa when leaving
the house: Bismillaah, tawakkaltu ala Allaah, wa laa hawla wa laa quwwata illa
Billaah. Allaahumma inni aoodhu bika min an adilla aw udalla aw azilla aw
uzalla aw azlima aw uzlama aw ajhala aw yujhal alayya (In the name of Allaah,
I put my trust in Allaah and there is no power and no strength except with
Allaah. O Allaah, I seek refuge with You lest I should stray or be led astray,
or slip or be tripped, or do wrong or be wronged, or behave foolishly or be
treated foolishly).
11 The Sunnah when leaving one's house and wanting to get
up on one's mount is to say Bismillah. Then when he has mounted it he should
say: Al-hamdu Lillaah illadhi sakhkhara lana hadha wa ma kunna lahu muqrineen
wa inna ila rabbina la munqaliboon (In the name of Allaah
All praise be to
Allaah Who has placed this (transport) at our service and we ourselves would
not have been capable of that, and to our Lord is our final destiny. Then he
should say Al-hamdu Lillaah (praise be to Allaah) three times and Allaahu akbar
(Allaah is most Great) three times, then, Subhaanaka inni zalamtu nafsi faghfir
li innahu la yaghfir ul-dhunooba illa anta (Glory be to You, verily I have
wronged myself, so forgive me, for surely no one can forgive sins except
You).
And: Allaahumma inna nasaluka fi safarina haadha al-birra
wal-taqwa wa min al-aml ma tarda, Allaahumma hawwin alayna safarana haadha
watwi anna budahu. Allaahumma anta al-saahib fil-safar wal-khaleefah
fil-ahl. Allaahumma inni aoodhu bika min watha al-safar wa kaaabat
al-manzar wa su al-munqalib fil-maali wal-ahl (O Allaah, we ask You for
righteousness and piety in this journey of ours, and we ask You for deeds which
please You. O Allaah, facilitate our journey and let us cover its distance
quickly. O Allaah, You are the Companion on the journey and the Successor (the
One Who guards them in a persons absence) over the family. O Allaah, I seek
refuge with You from the difficulties of travel, from having a change of heart
and from being in a bad predicament, and I seek refuge with You from an
ill-fated outcome with regard to wealth and family). When returning the same
words are recited with the following addition: Aayiboona taaiboona aabidoona
li rabbina haamidoon (Returning, repenting, worshipping and praising our
Lord).
12 It is mustahabb to travel with a group of people,
because of the hadeeth of Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) who said: The
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: If the
people knew what I know about being alone, no one would ever travel alone at
night. Narrated by al-Bukhaari.
13 It is mustahabb for the group to appoint the best and
wisest of their number as their leader, and to obey him, because of the hadeeth
of Abu Saeed and Abu Hurayrah who said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: When three people set out on a journey,
let them appoint one of their number as their leader. A hasan hadeeth narrated
by Abu Dawood with a hasan isnaad.
14 It is mustahabb to set out at the end of the night,
because of the hadeeth of Anas who said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: You should travel at the end of the
night (or throughout the night) because it is easier to cover a greater
distance at night. This was narrated by Abu Dawood with a hasan hadeeth. It
was also narrated by al-Haakim who said: it is saheeh according to the
conditions of al-Bukhaari and Muslim.
15 He should adopt a kind and good attitude, and avoid
arguing or pushing and shoving people on the road. He should guard his tongue
against insults, backbiting, cursing his mount or any other kind of foul
speech.
16 It is mustahabb for the traveller to say takbeer when
going up a rise in the land and to say tasbeeh when going down into valleys and
the like.
17 If he sees a village or town that he wants to enter,
it is mustahabb for him to say: Allaahumma asaluka khayraha wa khayra ahliha
wa khayra ma fiha wa aoodhu bika min sharriha wa sharri ahliha wa sharri ma
fiha (O Allaah, I ask You for its goodness, the goodness of its people and the
goodness of what is in it, and I seek refuge with You from its evil, the evil
of its people and the evil of what is in it).
18 It is mustahabb for him to make duaa most of the
time when travelling, because his duaa will be answered.
19 -- He should try to remain in a state of purity and to pray on
time. Allaah has made it easy by allowing tayammum and joining and shortening
of prayers.
20 The Sunnah when stopping in a place is to say what was
narrated by Khawlah bint Hakeem, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allaah
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say: Whoever makes a stop then
says: Aoodhu bi kalimaat Allaah il-taammati min sharri ma khalaq (I seek
refuge in the perfect words of Allaah from the evil of that which He has
created),
nothing will harm him until he moves on from that place. Narrated by
Muslim.
21 It is mustahabb for a travelling group to camp close
to one another and not to be scattered or separated needlessly, because of the
hadeeth of Abu Thalabah al-Khushani (may Allaah be pleased with him) who said:
When the people stopped in a place, they would scatter in the mountain passes
and valleys. The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) said: Your scattering in these mountain passes and valleys is something
from the Shaytaan. After that, they never stopped in any place without being
close together. Narrated by Abu Dawood with a hasan isnaad.
22 The Sunnah for the traveller is that when he has done
what he set out to do, he should hasten to return to his family, because of the
hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah, according to which the Messenger of Allaah (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: Travel is a kind of torment, which
keeps one of you from his food and drink. When one of you has finished what he
set out to do, let him hasten back to his family. Narrated by al-Bukhaari and
Muslim.
23 The Sunnah is to say when returning from a journey
that which is narrated in the hadeeth of Ibn Umar, according to which the
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), when he came
back from a campaign or from Hajj and Umrah, he would say takbeer on every
high ground three times, then he would say, Laa ilaaha ill-Allaah wahdahu laa
shareeka lah, lahul-mulk wa lahul-hamd wa huwa ala kulli shayin qadeer.
Aayiboona taaiboona aabidoona, saajidoona li rabbina haamidoon. Sadaqa
Allaahu wadah wa nasara abdah wa hazama al-ahzaaba wahdah
(There is no god but Allaah alone, with no partner or
associate. His is the Dominion, to Him be all praise, and He is Able to do all
things. Returning, repenting, worshipping, prostrating to our Lord and praising
Him. Allaah fulfilled His promise, granted victory to His slave and defeated
the confederates Alone). Narrated by al-Bukhaari and Muslim.
It was narrated that Anas said: We came back with the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), and when we reached the
outskirts of Madeenah he said: Aayiboona taaiboona aabidoona li rabbina
haamidoon (Returning, repenting, worshipping and praising our Lord). And he
kept saying that until we came to Madeenah. Narrated by Muslim.
..
24 The Sunnah when returning home is to start by going to
the mosque that is nearest one's home and praying two rakahs with the
intention of offering salaat al-qudoom (the prayer of arrival), because of the
hadeeth of Kab ibn Maalik, according to which the Prophet (peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him), when he came back from a journey, would start by going
to the mosque where he would pray two rakahs and then sit down. Narrated by
al-Bukhaari and Muslim.
25 It is mustahabb to make food for the returning
traveller, whether it is made by the traveller himself or by someone else for
him, as indicated by the hadeeth of Jaabir (may Allaah be pleased with him),
according to which the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him), when he came back to Madeenah from a journey, would slaughter a
camel or a cow. Narrated by al-Bukhaari.
26 It is haraam for a woman to travel without a mahram
unnecessarily, whether that is a long or a short distance, because of the
hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) who said: The
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: It is
not permissible for a woman who believes in Allaah and the Last Day to travel
for the distance of one day and one night except with a mahram. Narrated by
al-Bukhaari and Muslim.
End quote from al-Nawawi.
Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him)
said:
The etiquette of travelling for Hajj is divided into two
categories: obligatory and mustahabb. The obligatory etiquette means that the
traveller should fulfill all the obligations and pillars (essential parts) of
Hajj, and avoid the things that are forbidden in ihraam in particular, and the
things that are forbidden in general, whether they are forbidden in ihraam or
when not in ihraam, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
The Hajj (pilgrimage) is (in) the well-known (lunar year)
months (i.e. the 10th month, the 11th month and the first ten days of the 12th
month of the Islamic calendar, i.e. two months and ten days). So whosoever
intends to perform Hajj therein (by assuming Ihraam), then he should not have
sexual relations (with his wife), nor commit sin, nor dispute unjustly during
the Hajj
[al-Baqarah 2:197]
The mustahabb etiquette when travelling for Hajj is for a
person to do all the things that he should do, such as being generous to
people, serving his brothers, putting up with their annoyance, not retaliating
to mistreatment, and being kind to them, whether that is after he puts on the
ihraam or before, because this etiquette is sublime and good, and is required
of every believer at all times and in all places. There are also other points
of etiquette that has to do with the act of worship, such as doing Hajj in the
most perfect manner and striving to do it with the proper etiquette in both
word and deed. End quote.
Fataawa Ibn Uthaymeen, 21/16.
Islam Q&A
Be sure we shall
test you with something of fear and hunger, some loss in goods or lives or the
fruits (of your toil), but give glad tidings to those who patiently persevere.
(2:155) O you who believe!
be patient and excel in patience and remain steadfast, and be careful of (your
duty to) Allah, that you may be successful. (3:200) Our Lord! Bestow
on us mercy from Your presence and dispose of our affairs for us in the right
way. (18:10) Our Lord! Perfect
our light for us and forgive us our sins, for verily You have power over all
things. (66:8) "You (Alone)
we worship, and You (Alone) we ask for help (for each and everything).
[al-Faatihah
1:5]
Courtesy: Sister Umm Yusuf
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