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Sarojini Naidu
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Sarojini Naidu
Born
Sarojini Chattopadhyaya
February 13, 1879(1879-02-13)
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
Died
March 2, 1949 (aged 70)
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Spouse(s)
Dr. Muthyala Govindarajulu Naidu
Children
Jayasurya, Padmaja, Randheer, and Leelamani
Sarojini Naidu or Sarojini Chattopadhyaya (February 13, 1879, Hyderabad - March
2, 1949, Lucknow), also known by the sobriquet Bharatiya Kokila (The
Nightingale of India), was a child prodigy, freedom fighter, and poet. Naidu
was the first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National
Congress and the first woman to become the Governor of Uttar Pradesh.
She was active in the Indian Independence Movement, joining Mahatma Gandhi in
the Salt March to Dandi, and then leading the Dharasana Satyagraha after the
arrests of Gandhi, Abbas Tyabji, and Kasturba Gandhi.
Contents[hide]
1 Early life
1.1 Education
1.2 In the Freedom struggle
2 Personal life
3 Works
3.1 List of works
//
[edit] Early life
Sarojini Naidu was born in Hyderabad, India as the eldest daughter of
scientist, philosopher, and educator Aghornath Chattopadhyaya, and Varada
Sundari Devi, a poetess. Her father was the founder of the Nizam College, and
also the first member of the Indian National Congress in Hyderabad with his
friend Mulla Abdul Qayyum. He was later dismissed from his position as
Principal and even banished in retaliation for his political activities.
Naidu's brother, Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, was also a noted Indian activist.
During WW I Virendranath was instrumental in founding the Berlin Committee and
was one of the leading figures of the Hindu German Conspiracy. He later became
committed to Communism, travelling to Soviet Russia where he is believed to
have been executed on Stalin's orders in 1937.
Another brother Harindranath Chattopadhyaya was anoted playright,poet and actor.
[edit] Education
She attained national fame for entering Madras University at the age of twelve.
In 1895, at the age of sixteen, she travelled to England to study first at
King's College London and subsequently at Girton College, Cambridge.
Sarojini Naidu learnt to speak Urdu, Telugu, English, Persian and Bengali. Her
favorite poet was P.B. Shelley.
[edit] In the Freedom struggle
Sarojini Naidu with Gandhi during Dandi march
She joined the Indian independence movement, in the wake of the aftermath of
partition of Bengal in 1905. During 1903-17 Sarojini came into contact with
Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant,
C. P. Ramaswami Iyer, Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru.
>From 1915 to 1918 she lectured all over India on welfare of youth, dignity of
>labour, women's emancipation and nationalism. After meeting Jawaharlal Nehru
>in 1916, she took up the cause of the indigo workers of chappel head. In 1925
>she was elected as the President of the Congress, the first Indian woman to
>hold the post.
In March 1919, the British government passed the Rowlatt Act by which the
possession of seditious documents was deemed illegal. Mohandas Gandhi organized
the Non-Cooperation Movement to protest and Naidu was the first to join the
movement which the government worked to suppress.
In July 1919, Naidu became the Home Rule League's ambassador to England. In
July 1920 she returned to India and on August 1, Mahatma Gandhi declared the
Non-Cooperation Movement. In January 1924, she was one of the two Indian
National Congress delegates at the East African Indian Congress.
Naidu arrived in New York in October 1928 and was concerned with the unjust
treatment of the African Americans and the Amerindians. Upon her return to
India she became a member of Congress Working Committee.
On January 26, 1930 the National Congress proclaimed its independence from the
British Empire. On May 5, Mohandas Gandhi was arrested. Naidu was arrested
shortly thereafter and was in jail for several months. She, along with Gandhi,
was released on January 31, 1931. Later that year, they were again arrested.
Naidu was eventually released due to her poor health and Gandhi was released in
1933. In 1931, she participated in the Round Table Summit, along with Gandhiji
and Pundit Malaviyaji. On October 2, 1942, she was arrested during the "Quit
India" protest and stayed in jail for 21 months with Gandhiji. Naidu shared a
warm relationship with Mohandas Gandhi, even calling him "Mickey Mouse".
At the Asian Relations Conference of March 1947, Naidu presided over the
Steering Committee.
On August 15, 1947, with the independence of India, Naidu became the Governor
of the United Provinces (presently Uttar Pradesh), India's first woman governor
and she died in office following a heart attack on March 2, 1949.
[edit] Personal life
At the age of 17, she met Dr. Muthyala Govindarajulu Naidu and fell in love
with him. He was from Andhra Pradesh. After finishing her studies at the age of
19, she married him during the time when inter-caste marriages were not
allowed. Her marriage was a very happy one. They were married by the Act
(1872), in Madras in 1898. They had 4 children: Jayasurya, Padmaja, Randheer,
and Leelamani. Her daughter Padmaja later became Governor of West Bengal.
[edit] Works
Sarojini Naidu is also well acclaimed for her contribution to poetry. Her
poetry had beautiful words that could also be sung. In 1905, the first volume
of her collection of poems was published as The Golden Threshold. Two more
volumes were published: The Bird of Time (1912) and The Broken Wing in (1917).
Later, her The Wizard Mask and A Treasury of Poems were published. In 1961 her
daughter, Padmaja published a collection of her previously unpublished poems
under the title, The Feather of the Dawn.
[edit] List of works
The Golden Threshold (1905)
The Bird of Time: Songs of Life, Death & the Spring (1912)
The Broken Wing: Songs of Love, Death and the Spring (1917)
The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India (1928)
The Feather of the Dawn (1961)
The Gift of India
Ur's
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