And now:Ish <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: via FN: From: David Rider <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Subject: Re: [FN] chivington Deb Glidden recommended Stan Hoig's book, _The Sand Creek massacre", as an excellent and factual account of the incident. I second that recommendation. It's old, published many years ago, but remains, imo, the best overall account. I also recommend Duane Schultz more recent treatment, _Month of the freezing moon_. Schultz' writing style is easy to read and gripping. He also does more in-depth coverage of the events leading up to it. btw, "freezing moon" is one of two Cheyenne expressions for the month of November; the other is the month of the' "hard face." Barbara Johnson said that "...the person probably most responsible for what happened was not Chivington... but... Major Scott Anthony...He was the field commander who initially dealth with the Indians at Sand Creek and more or less led them into a trap that enabled chivington to slaughter them..." That's entirely untrue. Anthony wasn't even out in Colorado Territory at the time the Cheyenne and Arapaho were "led" into the trap. It was EdWard Wynkoop who inadvertantly led them to the trap. Wynkoop met Black Kettle and was so impressed with him that he set up a meeting at Camp Weld, Denver, in September, 1864. The co-conspirators at that meeting who set the Cheyenne and Arapaho up were Chivington and the governor of Colorado Territory, John Evans (does Evanston, IL ring a bell? Evans also founded Northwestern Univ. in Evanston, just north of Chicago). Plus the editor of the Rocky Mountain News, who wrote searing editorials on Indians...much like Frank Baum did in Aberdeen. Wynkoop was in charge at Fort Lyon, but Chivington, furious with him for being soft on Indians, urged General Curtis, chivington's immediate supervisor, to have Wynkoop replaced. In came anthony, sometime between the Sep meeting in Denver and the November massacre. Anthony was much more to Chivington's liking, but he did little more than go along with Chivington's plan to sneak up on 'em in Sand Creek and "kill them all big and small." A couple of people stood up for the absent Wynkoop, and *they* were threatened with court martial. BJ also says that Scott Anthony was court-martialed. He was not. No one was. In fact, Anthony testified in defense of Chivington, and was critical of him for not killing more - just as Frank Baum had been critical of the military for not killing more at Wounded Knee. The Arapaho had been split into two factions: Left Hand and his band camped with the Cheyenne at Sand Creek, but Little Raven and his band did not. Little Raven had spent a lot of time in Denver and so he knew, better than most, what white people were like. He saw that they misled their own, and so was extremely reluctant to trust them, as Left Hand did, and as Black Kettle of the Cheyenne did. After Sand Creek, Chivington debated whether to head up north and east into the Smoky Hill campsight, where thousands of Lakota, Arapaho, and Cheyenne were still camped, and chasing Little Raven's much smaller band, who'd headed south. He opted for the latter. But he never found them. Their camps were found, but always just after they'd left. Chivington finally gave up and headed back up to Denver for his hero's welcome. Anthony criticized Chivington's ineptness in not being able to find Little Raven, and criticized his lack of courage for not going after the big camp at Smoky Hill. But, he was not court-martialed, and he was not part of the conspiracy. He was a bit player. Oh, and he was not the 'field commander' at Sand Creek either. Chivington was. Anthony was in charge of the 150 or so regular cavalry; chivington called the shots and was in command of all of them, the 600+ Colorado Third volunteer militia and Anthony's boys. dave <<<<=-=-=FREE LEONARD PELTIER=-=-=>>>> If you think you are too small to make a difference; try sleeping in a closed room with a mosquito.... African Proverb <<<<=-=http://www.tdi.net/ishgooda/ =-=>>>> IF it says: "PASS THIS TO EVERYONE YOU KNOW...." Please Check it before you send it at: http://urbanlegends.miningco.com/library/blhoax.htm
