And now:Ish <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

>From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1999 01:09:01 EST
>To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>Subject: Sterilization of Native American Women
>X-Mailer: AOL 3.0 16-bit for Windows sub 41
>Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>X-Comment: Nevada Indian Environmental Coalition
>
>Find at:  http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/9118/mike1.html;
>http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/9118/mike2.html
>
>Martha E. Ture
>
>
>Coerced Sterilization of Native American Women 
>
>------------------------------------------------------------------------
>"The Native American Woman's Health Education Resource Center has 
>documented abuses carried out by the Indian Health Services (IHS), Job 
>Corps, and other agencies on which Native American women depend for 
>health care services. Issues they have identified are forced 
>sterilization, unsafe use of Depo-Provera and Norplant, and destructive 
>alcohol-related policies" 
>"A study by the Government Accounting Office during the 1970s found 
>widespread sterilization abuse in four areas served by the IHS. In 1975 
>alone, some 25,000 Native American women were permanently 
>sterilized--many after being coerced, misinformed, or threatened. One 
>former IHS nurse reported the use of tubal ligation on "uncooperative" 
>or "alcoholic" women into the 1990s."
>-- Women of Color Partnership
>-
>�A History of Governmentally Coerced Sterilization: The Plight of the 
>Native American Woman 
>Link to Paper (31K)
>�Comprehensive Bibliography of Books, Pamphlets, Law Review Articles and 
>Internet Links 
>Link to Bibliography
>
>�Contact the Author, Michael Sullivan DeFine, University of Maine School 
>of Law student
>
>A History of Governmentally Coerced Sterilization:
>The Plight of the Native American Woman 
>
>------------------------------------------------------------------------
>May 1, 1997
>By Michael Sullivan DeFine
>University of Maine School of Law
>Footnotes appear at the end of the text 
>
>I. Introduction
>The purpose of this article is to trace the historical influence of 
>governmentally funded sterilization from the beginning of the eugenics 
>movement in the 19th century to see how this effects Native American 
>women today. This topic will investigate the social prejudices and 
>rationalizations for sterilization of the "less-talented" members of 
>society advocated by the most influential social and biological 
>scientists in American history. 
>These "science"-based eugenic influences break through the lines of 
>science into the world of politics, promulgating anti-humanistic views 
>of poor women of color in the form of legislation fraught with bigotry 
>and baseless generalizations. This political view flows through the 
>judicial system, as courts apply eugenic philosophies in determining who 
>should be sterilized and for what reasons. 
>
>Turning specifically to the sterilization of Native American women, this 
>article concludes with a discussion of the federal relationship with 
>American Indian tribes, personal accounts from Native American women who 
>were sterilized and their attitudes toward family planning, state and 
>federal policies regarding informed consent and sterilization, an 

>examination of the contractual relationship between the Indian Health 
>Service and private practices, the United States General Accounting 
>Office investigation of Indian Health Service sterilization procedures, 
>and the meaning behind the statistics of population growth.
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