The modular approach has worked well for me, and I agree with all your 
reasons for using it.

I suspect an ESD event is causing the damage; we just need to find out 
where it's coming from and mitigate it.

The first place to look is power supplies. In order to minimize the impact 
of an ESD event, all of the connections on the power supply need to be at 
the same potential when the power-supply is connected to your board. Also, 
all of the power connections on the board need to be at the same potential 
before you connect the supply. 

This is easily done with large resistors between each power-supply voltage, 
and your circuit ground; typically I use 1-10Megs for higher voltages like 
the anode supply. For lower voltages, 10-100K is fine. These resistors 
eventually discharge any power-supply capacitors; you can calculate the 
time constant T=5*R*C, where T is seconds, R is ohms, C is farads. The 
smaller R is, the shorter the time is to discharge, but also there is more 
wasted power. If you have multiple boards, etc, each one needs it's own set 
of bleeder resistors.

I dont have the time to go into all of the nuances about ESD design 
practices here, but if you have all supplies tied together, most of the 
other components will protect eachother thru conductive paths; this is 
especially true for MOS IC's because they have built-in ESD protection 
circuitry that essentially ties all pins together. Even though a discrete 
MOS device is unlikely to have ESD protection built-in, if it's connected 
to another device, such as a microcontroller, that has ESD-protection, both 
will be protected in-circuit.

If you really want to be as careful as possible, touch the ground of the 
power supply with one finger, and the ground of the board with another 
finger before connecting the power cable. This will equalize the 2 
components to the same voltage thru your body resistance within 
milliseconds. When you connect them, there is NO ESD event.

Finally, make sure you are connecting power-supplies first, then signal 
connectors. That way, there will not be an ESD event when the signal 
connector is inserted because the power cable has already equalized the 2 
devices. Be careful, though, because signal connectors that tie grounds 
together can create ground loops in your system. If you have 
noise-sensitive circuits, like clock signals, you may need to use 
differential signalling, schmitt-triggers, or opto-isolators.

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