On Fri, Oct 30, 2015 at 04:52:41PM -0700, Linus Torvalds wrote:
> I really suspect this patch is "good enough" in reality, and I would
> *much* rather do something like this than add a new non-POSIX flag
> that people have to update their binaries for. I agree with Eric that
> *some* people will do so, but it's still the wrong thing to do. Let's
> just make performance with the normal semantics be good enough that we
> don't need to play odd special games.
>
> Eric?
... and here's the current variant of mine. FWIW, it seems to survive
LTP and xfstests + obvious "let's torture the allocator". On the
"million dups" test it seems to be about 25% faster than the one Linus
had posted, at ten millions - about 80%. On opensock results seem to be
about 20% better than with the variant Linus has posted, but I'm not sure
if the testbox is anywhere near the expected, so I'd appreciate if you'd
given it a spin on your setups.
It obviously needs saner comments, tuning, etc. BTW, another obvious
low-hanging fruit with this data structure is count_open_files() (and
that goes for 1:64 bitmap Linus uses) - dup2(0, 10000000); close(10000000);
fork(); and count_open_files() is chewing through the damn bitmap from
about 16M down to low tens. While holding ->files_lock, at that...
I'm not saying it's critical, and it's definitely a followup patch fodder
in either approach, but it's easy enough to do.
diff --git a/fs/file.c b/fs/file.c
index 6c672ad..fa43cbe 100644
--- a/fs/file.c
+++ b/fs/file.c
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ int sysctl_nr_open_min = BITS_PER_LONG;
int sysctl_nr_open_max = __const_max(INT_MAX, ~(size_t)0/sizeof(void *)) &
-BITS_PER_LONG;
+#define BITS_PER_CHUNK 512
+
static void *alloc_fdmem(size_t size)
{
/*
@@ -46,8 +48,10 @@ static void *alloc_fdmem(size_t size)
static void __free_fdtable(struct fdtable *fdt)
{
+ int i;
kvfree(fdt->fd);
- kvfree(fdt->open_fds);
+ for (i = 0; i <= 3; i++)
+ kvfree(fdt->bitmaps[i]);
kfree(fdt);
}
@@ -62,7 +66,7 @@ static void free_fdtable_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
*/
static void copy_fdtable(struct fdtable *nfdt, struct fdtable *ofdt)
{
- unsigned int cpy, set;
+ unsigned int cpy, set, to, from, level, n;
BUG_ON(nfdt->max_fds < ofdt->max_fds);
@@ -71,18 +75,53 @@ static void copy_fdtable(struct fdtable *nfdt, struct
fdtable *ofdt)
memcpy(nfdt->fd, ofdt->fd, cpy);
memset((char *)(nfdt->fd) + cpy, 0, set);
- cpy = ofdt->max_fds / BITS_PER_BYTE;
- set = (nfdt->max_fds - ofdt->max_fds) / BITS_PER_BYTE;
- memcpy(nfdt->open_fds, ofdt->open_fds, cpy);
- memset((char *)(nfdt->open_fds) + cpy, 0, set);
+ cpy = ofdt->max_fds / 8;
+ set = (nfdt->max_fds - ofdt->max_fds) / 8;
memcpy(nfdt->close_on_exec, ofdt->close_on_exec, cpy);
memset((char *)(nfdt->close_on_exec) + cpy, 0, set);
+ if (likely(!nfdt->bitmaps[1])) {
+ // flat to flat
+ memcpy(nfdt->bitmaps[0], ofdt->bitmaps[0], cpy);
+ memset((char *)(nfdt->bitmaps[0]) + cpy, 0, set);
+ return;
+ }
+ to = round_up(nfdt->max_fds, BITS_PER_CHUNK);
+ set = (to - ofdt->max_fds) / 8;
+ // copy and pad the primary
+ memcpy(nfdt->bitmaps[0], ofdt->bitmaps[0], ofdt->max_fds / 8);
+ memset((char *)nfdt->bitmaps[0] + ofdt->max_fds / 8, 0, set);
+ // copy and pad the old secondaries
+ from = round_up(ofdt->max_fds, BITS_PER_CHUNK);
+ for (level = 1; level <= 3; level++) {
+ if (!ofdt->bitmaps[level])
+ break;
+ to = round_up(to / BITS_PER_CHUNK, BITS_PER_CHUNK);
+ from = round_up(from / BITS_PER_CHUNK, BITS_PER_CHUNK);
+ memcpy(nfdt->bitmaps[level], ofdt->bitmaps[level], from / 8);
+ memset((char *)nfdt->bitmaps[level] + from / 8, 0, (to - from)
/ 8);
+ }
+ // zero the new ones (if any)
+ for (n = level; n <= 3; n++) {
+ if (!nfdt->bitmaps[n])
+ break;
+ to = round_up(to / BITS_PER_CHUNK, BITS_PER_CHUNK);
+ memset(nfdt->bitmaps[n], 0, to / 8);
+ }
+ // and maybe adjust bit 0 in the first new one.
+ if (unlikely(n != level)) {
+ unsigned long *p = nfdt->bitmaps[level - 1];
+ for (n = 0; n < BITS_PER_CHUNK / BITS_PER_LONG; n++)
+ if (~p[n])
+ return;
+ __set_bit(0, nfdt->bitmaps[level]);
+ }
}
static struct fdtable * alloc_fdtable(unsigned int nr)
{
struct fdtable *fdt;
void *data;
+ int level = 0;
/*
* Figure out how many fds we actually want to support in this fdtable.
@@ -114,16 +153,28 @@ static struct fdtable * alloc_fdtable(unsigned int nr)
goto out_fdt;
fdt->fd = data;
+ if (nr > BITS_PER_CHUNK)
+ nr = round_up(nr, BITS_PER_CHUNK);
data = alloc_fdmem(max_t(size_t,
2 * nr / BITS_PER_BYTE, L1_CACHE_BYTES));
if (!data)
goto out_arr;
- fdt->open_fds = data;
+ fdt->bitmaps[0] = data;
data += nr / BITS_PER_BYTE;
fdt->close_on_exec = data;
-
+ fdt->bitmaps[1] = fdt->bitmaps[2] = fdt->bitmaps[3] = NULL;
+ while (unlikely(nr > BITS_PER_CHUNK)) {
+ nr = round_up(nr / BITS_PER_CHUNK, BITS_PER_CHUNK);
+ data = alloc_fdmem(nr);
+ if (!data)
+ goto out_bitmaps;
+ fdt->bitmaps[++level] = data;
+ }
return fdt;
+out_bitmaps:
+ while (level >= 0)
+ kvfree(fdt->bitmaps[level--]);
out_arr:
kvfree(fdt->fd);
out_fdt:
@@ -229,14 +280,47 @@ static inline void __clear_close_on_exec(int fd, struct
fdtable *fdt)
__clear_bit(fd, fdt->close_on_exec);
}
+static bool set_and_check(unsigned long *start, unsigned n)
+{
+ int i;
+ start += (n & -BITS_PER_CHUNK) / BITS_PER_LONG;
+ n %= BITS_PER_CHUNK;
+ __set_bit(n, start);
+ for (i = 0; i < BITS_PER_CHUNK / BITS_PER_LONG; i++)
+ if (~*start++)
+ return true;
+ return false;
+}
+
static inline void __set_open_fd(int fd, struct fdtable *fdt)
{
- __set_bit(fd, fdt->open_fds);
+ int level;
+ for (level = 0; ; level++, fd /= BITS_PER_CHUNK) {
+ if (level == 3 || !fdt->bitmaps[level + 1]) {
+ __set_bit(fd, fdt->bitmaps[level]);
+ break;
+ }
+ if (likely(set_and_check(fdt->bitmaps[level], fd)))
+ break;
+ }
}
static inline void __clear_open_fd(int fd, struct fdtable *fdt)
{
- __clear_bit(fd, fdt->open_fds);
+ int level;
+ unsigned long *p = fdt->bitmaps[0] + fd / BITS_PER_LONG, v;
+ v = *p;
+ __clear_bit(fd % BITS_PER_LONG, p);
+ if (~v) // quick test to avoid looking at other cachelines
+ return;
+ for (level = 1; level <= 3; level++) {
+ if (!fdt->bitmaps[level])
+ break;
+ fd /= BITS_PER_CHUNK;
+ if (!test_bit(fd, fdt->bitmaps[level]))
+ break;
+ __clear_bit(fd, fdt->bitmaps[level]);
+ }
}
static int count_open_files(struct fdtable *fdt)
@@ -246,7 +330,7 @@ static int count_open_files(struct fdtable *fdt)
/* Find the last open fd */
for (i = size / BITS_PER_LONG; i > 0; ) {
- if (fdt->open_fds[--i])
+ if (fdt->bitmaps[0][--i])
break;
}
i = (i + 1) * BITS_PER_LONG;
@@ -262,7 +346,7 @@ struct files_struct *dup_fd(struct files_struct *oldf, int
*errorp)
{
struct files_struct *newf;
struct file **old_fds, **new_fds;
- int open_files, size, i;
+ int open_files, size, i, n;
struct fdtable *old_fdt, *new_fdt;
*errorp = -ENOMEM;
@@ -279,7 +363,8 @@ struct files_struct *dup_fd(struct files_struct *oldf, int
*errorp)
new_fdt = &newf->fdtab;
new_fdt->max_fds = NR_OPEN_DEFAULT;
new_fdt->close_on_exec = newf->close_on_exec_init;
- new_fdt->open_fds = newf->open_fds_init;
+ new_fdt->bitmaps[0] = newf->open_fds_init;
+ new_fdt->bitmaps[1] = new_fdt->bitmaps[2] = new_fdt->bitmaps[3] = NULL;
new_fdt->fd = &newf->fd_array[0];
spin_lock(&oldf->file_lock);
@@ -321,8 +406,17 @@ struct files_struct *dup_fd(struct files_struct *oldf, int
*errorp)
old_fds = old_fdt->fd;
new_fds = new_fdt->fd;
- memcpy(new_fdt->open_fds, old_fdt->open_fds, open_files / 8);
memcpy(new_fdt->close_on_exec, old_fdt->close_on_exec, open_files / 8);
+ memcpy(new_fdt->bitmaps[0], old_fdt->bitmaps[0], open_files / 8);
+
+ n = round_up(open_files, BITS_PER_CHUNK);
+ for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
+ if (!new_fdt->bitmaps[i])
+ break;
+ n /= BITS_PER_CHUNK;
+ n = round_up(n, BITS_PER_CHUNK);
+ memcpy(new_fdt->bitmaps[i], old_fdt->bitmaps[i], n / 8);
+ }
for (i = open_files; i != 0; i--) {
struct file *f = *old_fds++;
@@ -351,10 +445,24 @@ struct files_struct *dup_fd(struct files_struct *oldf,
int *errorp)
int left = (new_fdt->max_fds - open_files) / 8;
int start = open_files / BITS_PER_LONG;
- memset(&new_fdt->open_fds[start], 0, left);
- memset(&new_fdt->close_on_exec[start], 0, left);
+ memset(new_fdt->close_on_exec + start, 0, left);
+ if (likely(!new_fdt->bitmaps[1])) {
+ memset(new_fdt->bitmaps[0] + start, 0, left);
+ goto done;
+ }
+ start = round_up(open_files, BITS_PER_CHUNK);
+ n = round_up(new_fdt->max_fds, BITS_PER_CHUNK);
+ for (i = 0 ; i <= 3; i++) {
+ char *p = (void *)new_fdt->bitmaps[i];
+ if (!p)
+ break;
+ n = round_up(n / BITS_PER_CHUNK, BITS_PER_CHUNK);
+ start = round_up(start / BITS_PER_CHUNK,
BITS_PER_CHUNK);
+ memset(p + start / 8, 0, (n - start) / 8);
+ }
}
+done:
rcu_assign_pointer(newf->fdt, new_fdt);
return newf;
@@ -380,7 +488,7 @@ static struct fdtable *close_files(struct files_struct *
files)
i = j * BITS_PER_LONG;
if (i >= fdt->max_fds)
break;
- set = fdt->open_fds[j++];
+ set = fdt->bitmaps[0][j++];
while (set) {
if (set & 1) {
struct file * file = xchg(&fdt->fd[i], NULL);
@@ -453,70 +561,146 @@ struct files_struct init_files = {
.max_fds = NR_OPEN_DEFAULT,
.fd = &init_files.fd_array[0],
.close_on_exec = init_files.close_on_exec_init,
- .open_fds = init_files.open_fds_init,
+ .bitmaps[0] = init_files.open_fds_init,
},
.file_lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(init_files.file_lock),
};
-/*
- * allocate a file descriptor, mark it busy.
- */
+/* search for the next zero bit in cacheline */
+static unsigned scan(unsigned long *start, unsigned size, unsigned from,
+ int check_zeroes)
+{
+ unsigned long *p = start + from / BITS_PER_LONG, *q = p, *end;
+ unsigned bit = from % BITS_PER_LONG, res;
+ unsigned long v = *p, w = v + (1UL<<bit);
+
+ start += (from & -BITS_PER_CHUNK) / BITS_PER_LONG;
+ end = start + size / BITS_PER_LONG;
+
+ if (unlikely(!(w & ~v))) {
+ while (likely(++q < end)) {
+ v = *q;
+ w = v + 1;
+ if (likely(w))
+ goto got_it;
+ }
+ return size; // not in this chunk
+ }
+got_it:
+ res = __ffs(w & ~v); // log2, really - it's a power of 2
+ res += (q - start) * BITS_PER_LONG;
+ if (!check_zeroes)
+ return res;
+ if (likely(~(v | w))) // would zeroes remain in *q?
+ return res;
+ if (p == q || !bit) // was *p fully checked?
+ p--;
+ while (++q < end) // any zeros in the tail?
+ if (likely(~*q))
+ return res;
+ if (unlikely(check_zeroes > 1))
+ for (q = start; q <= p; q++)
+ if (~*q)
+ return res;
+ return res | (1U<<31);
+}
+
int __alloc_fd(struct files_struct *files,
unsigned start, unsigned end, unsigned flags)
{
- unsigned int fd;
+ unsigned int fd, base;
int error;
struct fdtable *fdt;
-
+ unsigned count, level, n;
+ int summary;
spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
repeat:
fdt = files_fdtable(files);
+ count = fdt->max_fds;
+ summary = 2;
fd = start;
- if (fd < files->next_fd)
+ if (likely(fd <= files->next_fd)) {
fd = files->next_fd;
-
- if (fd < fdt->max_fds)
- fd = find_next_zero_bit(fdt->open_fds, fdt->max_fds, fd);
-
- /*
- * N.B. For clone tasks sharing a files structure, this test
- * will limit the total number of files that can be opened.
- */
- error = -EMFILE;
- if (fd >= end)
- goto out;
-
- error = expand_files(files, fd);
- if (error < 0)
+ summary = 1;
+ }
+ base = fd;
+ if (unlikely(base >= count))
+ goto expand2;
+ if (likely(!fdt->bitmaps[1])) {
+ base = scan(fdt->bitmaps[0], count, base, 0);
+ if (unlikely(base == count))
+ goto expand;
+ if (unlikely(base >= end)) {
+ error = -EMFILE;
+ goto out;
+ }
+ fd = base;
+ __set_bit(fd, fdt->bitmaps[0]);
+ goto found;
+ }
+ n = scan(fdt->bitmaps[0], BITS_PER_CHUNK, base, summary);
+ base &= -BITS_PER_CHUNK;
+ base += n & ~(1U<<31);
+ if (unlikely(n == BITS_PER_CHUNK)) {
+ int bits[3];
+ level = 0;
+ do {
+ bits[level] = count;
+ count = DIV_ROUND_UP(count, BITS_PER_CHUNK);
+ base /= BITS_PER_CHUNK;
+ n = scan(fdt->bitmaps[++level], BITS_PER_CHUNK, base,
0);
+ base &= -BITS_PER_CHUNK;
+ base += n;
+ if (unlikely(base >= count))
+ goto expand;
+ } while (unlikely(n == BITS_PER_CHUNK));
+ while (level--) {
+ base *= BITS_PER_CHUNK;
+ n = scan(fdt->bitmaps[level], BITS_PER_CHUNK, base,
!level);
+ if (WARN_ON(n == BITS_PER_CHUNK)) {
+ error = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;
+ }
+ base += n & ~(1U<<31);
+ if (unlikely(base >= bits[level]))
+ goto expand;
+ }
+ }
+ if (unlikely(base >= end)) {
+ error = -EMFILE;
goto out;
-
- /*
- * If we needed to expand the fs array we
- * might have blocked - try again.
- */
- if (error)
- goto repeat;
-
- if (start <= files->next_fd)
+ }
+ fd = base;
+ __set_bit(fd, fdt->bitmaps[0]);
+ if (unlikely(n & (1U << 31))) {
+ for (level = 1; ; level++) {
+ base /= BITS_PER_CHUNK;
+ if (level == 3 || !fdt->bitmaps[level + 1]) {
+ __set_bit(base, fdt->bitmaps[level]);
+ break;
+ }
+ if (likely(set_and_check(fdt->bitmaps[level], base)))
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+found:
+ if (summary == 1)
files->next_fd = fd + 1;
-
- __set_open_fd(fd, fdt);
if (flags & O_CLOEXEC)
__set_close_on_exec(fd, fdt);
else
__clear_close_on_exec(fd, fdt);
error = fd;
-#if 1
- /* Sanity check */
- if (rcu_access_pointer(fdt->fd[fd]) != NULL) {
- printk(KERN_WARNING "alloc_fd: slot %d not NULL!\n", fd);
- rcu_assign_pointer(fdt->fd[fd], NULL);
- }
-#endif
-
out:
spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
return error;
+expand:
+ base = fdt->max_fds;
+expand2:
+ error = expand_files(files, base);
+ if (error < 0)
+ goto out;
+ goto repeat;
}
static int alloc_fd(unsigned start, unsigned flags)
@@ -809,7 +993,8 @@ __releases(&files->file_lock)
goto Ebusy;
get_file(file);
rcu_assign_pointer(fdt->fd[fd], file);
- __set_open_fd(fd, fdt);
+ if (!tofree)
+ __set_open_fd(fd, fdt);
if (flags & O_CLOEXEC)
__set_close_on_exec(fd, fdt);
else
diff --git a/fs/select.c b/fs/select.c
index 0155473..670f542 100644
--- a/fs/select.c
+++ b/fs/select.c
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ static int max_select_fd(unsigned long n, fd_set_bits *fds)
set = ~(~0UL << (n & (BITS_PER_LONG-1)));
n /= BITS_PER_LONG;
fdt = files_fdtable(current->files);
- open_fds = fdt->open_fds + n;
+ open_fds = fdt->bitmaps[0] + n;
max = 0;
if (set) {
set &= BITS(fds, n);
diff --git a/include/linux/fdtable.h b/include/linux/fdtable.h
index 674e3e2..6ef5274 100644
--- a/include/linux/fdtable.h
+++ b/include/linux/fdtable.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ struct fdtable {
unsigned int max_fds;
struct file __rcu **fd; /* current fd array */
unsigned long *close_on_exec;
- unsigned long *open_fds;
+ unsigned long *bitmaps[4];
struct rcu_head rcu;
};
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ static inline bool close_on_exec(int fd, const struct fdtable
*fdt)
static inline bool fd_is_open(int fd, const struct fdtable *fdt)
{
- return test_bit(fd, fdt->open_fds);
+ return test_bit(fd, fdt->bitmaps[0]);
}
/*
--
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