Brian, thank you for your comments. The relation between theory and  
practice is, and especially in the social sciences, is indeed a very  
interesting and also a very complex one.

>Given that, I'd be really curious to hear more about how the  circular or
>spiral movement unfolds between your practice and the academic disciplines.

The notion of Giddens 'double hermeneutic' pays tribute to this  
complexity. You rephrase this as a circular or spiral movement, which  
I doubt it is. As people we attribute, synchronize and adapt  
ourselves to situations very fast and this process is often a fuzzy  
one. But this process is not a linear process.  When you ask the  
question about what children learn in schools, often this will appear  
to be not the subjects that are taught, but to 'adapt to certain  
rules' in the first place. Also when people design 'change',  
underlying assumptions and attitudes is often the first thing that is  
communicated, attributed, synchronized and adapted to.

So if we ask ourselves the question what do we learn from certain  
concepts for change, like Bauhaus, socialism or capitalism, the  
answers are also not obvious. And those answers will also not be  
obvious in response to the waves of innovation that we have been part  
of. As I write in my dissertation, have we all contributed to  
creating a 'planetary learning tool' or have we contributed to the  
creation of the 'social atom bomb'?

As human beings we try to learn from people before us. I find that I  
learned most from people who have honestly reflected upon their  
earlier beliefs and practices. These reflections come to you through  
friends, novels, non-fiction and critiques. Because we are most of  
the time so deeply involved and part of this interaction between  
theory and practice (and I would argue that everyone is, not only  
academics), it is very hard to see the relation happening while being  
in interaction. Only rigorous self-reflection as well as profound  
questioning can unravel this at certain times.

Science has specialized in rigorous and logic questioning.  But I  
like to argue that especially in the social sciences, self-reflection  
is crucial for generating knowledge that will survive. One cannot  
connect theory and practice without reflection. One cannot generate  
new knowledge without reflection. One cannot develop new practices  
without reflection. And self-reflection is a fundamental aspect of  
such reflection processes. The old Greeks made a distinction between  
different kinds of knowledge and included self-reflection as a major  
contributor as well. It was called Paresis, which one can distinct  
from Episteme (what today's science is mostly focusing on) and Metis  
(knowledge that evolves from craft and skill).

In many professional practices people have found that reflection is  
more than building up logic arguments. Many managers found out the  
hard way, that when they want to innovate the practice of their  
business, giving logic arguments to employees and collaborators will  
not do the job. People are complex, any social system is complex and  
one has to use the energy of the system itself for creating  
sustainable change. Contextual reflexivity (thinking together how to  
improve a certain practice) always poses the ethical question "what  
is good to do" and this has to be answered by people with different  
beliefs, backgrounds and interests to be able to 'collectively author  
the outcomes', as Garrick Jones (LSE) put it so eloquently.  As you  
will understand, this requires elaborate orchestration. In these new  
orchestrations in specific situations in education, health care,  
business, social organizations, art and culture new knowledge is to  
be found.

>I can see two possible reasons or what you identify as a lack of response
>from classical sociology. One would be that most of it is dominated by the
>outdated categories of mass society, what Ulrich Beck calls "zombie
>categories" (see the interview under that title in his book
>"Individualization," published jointly with Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim). But
>"another, converging reason could be that the new kinds of practice simply
>"do not address what most sociologists  consider the central mediating
>"institution of society, namely the state.  Haven't we media-culture types
>"mostly treated the state itself as a zombie category? Could that be the
>"explanation why only the marketing people and the anthropologists are
>"interested?

I doubt whether the reason for the absence of an innovative social  
science, which will be able to deal with the time-space configuration  
changes we are facing, has to do anything with focusing on the state  
and power relations as such. I blame mostly an academic class who  
rules today's universities, who deeply distrusts all non-academics  
and who is not willing to enter into any conversation with the world  
other than sending out messages through their own media (and even a  
thorough analysis of today's new power relations does not come from  
the social sciences in the first place).Lucky enough, such attitudes  
and positions also create their own counter forces, the nettime list  
being one of them..:)...

I cannot judge whether 'we media types' have treated the state as a  
zombie category. I did not personally. Such theories are useful for  
me in so far they help me act better within certain situations. The  
work done by for example Gramsci, Foucault, Negri en now Beck  
unravels dynamics for me that we have to deal with. I do regard  
others and myself as responsible acting individuals who have to act  
upon and within the framework of such dynamics. Coming from the  
Netherlands I am aware of the complex communication and decision  
making that is part of any democratic process. Indeed burocracy is a  
problem, and can be very alienating when you have to confront it.  
Nevertheless till today I regularly take the effort of contributing  
to such processes, because I think it makes sense. 'Good burocracy?  
is part of any democracy and can be a tool against nepotism,  
corruption and oppression. I have learned to expect different things  
when being part of a cultural process to when I am part of a  
democratic process. Both make sense for certain things at certain times.

>Is there some way to address the state and the common good its supposed to
>represent, without getting dragged down into all the bureaucratic crap
>that we have struggled so hard to get away from?

I think not. Actually I think it is a mistake to struggle to get away  
from the burocratic crap. I think one should get involved and  
struggle to make these processes better so they can be a tool for  
safeguarding human rights. To change the focus of these systems from  
'super control and efficiency' to 'fairness and transparency'. Many  
people should take the effort to get involved in these processes,  
because the current level of burocracy (with technology involved and  
ethical and political debates in the design arena's of these tools  
not being there) is outliving anyone's imagination by now.

As an example I take the recent thread about the semantic web to show  
how new orchestrations can inform new knowledge as well as why we  
should not refrain from burocratic crap. A discussion like the thread  
about the semantic web, which I really appreciate, should in the end  
lead to an understanding of how the 'being, doing and meaning' in the  
development of this new protocols will safeguard how we as human  
beings will be able to relate to each other and the environment in  
which we live. One needs good analysis and theory to be able to  
create and design new stuff. When making the analysis as well as when  
designing, one needs a perspective. Utimately an ethical perspective  
that is related to survival and well-being. What needs does it serve?  
What dangers does it generate?

Garcia's question about whether the semantic web is just a library  
system for the future, or Byfield?s post pointing we out we are just  
sold to each other again both refer to this ethical layer in general.  
But when involved in any larger organization today, the issue of  
knowledge-management is huge as well as specific for many involved.  
The understanding that creating a 'local semantic web' demands  
serious editing and orchestration, which includes the meta- 
organization of information and communication, is till today hardly  
described in such terms. Such meta-organization includes metadata and  
software that facilitates these data, but it includes much more as  
well: time-lines, production and publication systems, instances of  
arresting information, systems to get rid of information. When those  
are in place we have not made the step to knowledge creation and  
management yet. Therefore we need meta-organization of formal and  
informal moments of communication, time wraps for creation, for  
interaction, for change. We need to time for trial and error and  
methods to evaluate. Time to reflect. And this is just a glimpse.  
Practices of knowledge management should inform discussions like the  
semantic web. An educational system, or healthcare system, or  
financial system, or outsourced electricity-control system should  
inform these debates as well as the famous web 2.0 examples (which  
for the most part are not very interesting to me since they have not  
surpassed the phase of the fancy fair yet). These practices can  
inform these debates because 'at the ground' people who do 'normal  
jobs' have to deal with the change in time/space configuration and  
have to find solutions.

In 'real life' those solutions are part of larger social structures  
in which the real issues around trustworthiness, privacy, liability  
and more surface and have consequences for people involved. These  
hard consequences should inform both theory as well as design.  I  
appreciate Florian's critique because the Semantic Web as the  
ultimate gratifier and legalizer of thought and distinguisher of all  
the stuff that the 'we in charge' do not like has to be tackled  
profoundly again and again. But in the critique and the reactions to  
it one is mainly concerned with its uuniversal claim and validity,  
while the discussion changes shape when one is designing an online  
learning-environment, a medical information system or a knowledge  
management system for a company. In these real life situations people  
are dependent upon each other?s performance, share a language and  
culture, and even in such a situation a local Semantic Web is already  
very hard to make provided one wants it to contribute to the  
community significantly. In such a ?real life? case also the relation  
between the local and the global surfaces in way that design  
requirements of such a service/system/structure emerge. From such a  
perspective, I argue, we should be involved and not leave the  
'burocratic crap' to be developed by others who do not share the  
concern of creating environments for human beings, and their dignity,  
to flourish.

Caroline


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