US Attacks: How They Did It
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How could a handful of people board four passenger planes, seize control
of them and fly them into specially targeted buildings?

The answer may not be fully known unless the aircrafts' black-box flight
recorders are found in the rubble. But a picture is emerging from
victims' frantic mobile phone calls, made to loved ones seconds before
their death:

Stabbings

The hijackers attacked stewardesses with knives to draw pilots from
their locked cockpits. Businessman Peter Hanson, who was with his wife
and young son on board the United Airlines flight that plunged into the
World Trade Centre, called his father in Connecticut and managed to say
a stewardess had been stabbed, before being cut off.

It also appears the hijackers may have used the threat of a bomb. Alice
Hoglan in San Francisco said her 31-year-old son Mark Bingham phoned her
from aboard the Pennsylvania crash flight to say: "We've been taken
over. There are three men that say they have a bomb."

The weapons

Mike Yardley, a former British army officer, says the choice of simple
knives was very deliberate. "The reason that knives have been chosen is
because it would have reduced their security risks," he said.

"Remember, they are trying to pull this off four times - if they had
risked firearms, if one person had been seized, the whole operation
could have been compromised. Unfortunately, terrorism is easy, once you
cross the boundary of deciding to do it.

Aviation experts say catching a domestic flight in the US is "like
hopping on a bus", with passengers often not required to have their
hand-luggage X-rayed or to walk through metal detectors. Amazingly,
Federal Aviation Administration rules allow "knives with blades up to 4
inches", although local laws often ban the carrying of knives in
airports.

The training

Having gained entry to the cockpit, most experts now believe the pilots
were murdered; few believe a professional pilot would willingly fly
their plane into a building full of people, even with a gun at their
head.

The phone calls suggested each plane was seized by a team of three
hijackers. In each case, at least one of them is likely to have been a
trained pilot who took over the controls to steer the planes on their
lethal flight paths.

In Boston, from where two of the doomed aircraft took off, five Arab men
have apparently already been identified as suspects. According to the
Boston Globe newspaper, police seized a rented car containing
Arabic-language flight training manuals at Logan International Airport.

Anyone with about $50,000 can learn to fly a plane. But experts have
said simple and readily available computer simulator flight programmes
would be enough to provide someone with the knowledge to complete a
kamikaze attack.

Why did US spy agencies not have warning? And if they did, why didn't
they act?

There are still no real answers to these questions.  One Arab journalist
claims he was warned three weeks ago by followers of Osama bin Laden of
a "huge and unprecedented attack" on US interests but did not take the
threats seriously.

The US itself issued a warning about an increased terror threat from
Islamic fundamentalist groups only four days before the attacks. But
there is no evidence of any warning of the specific attacks against the
World Trade Centre and the Pentagon.

There is speculation "sleepers" may have been involved - terrorists who
infiltrated airline companies. But in America, people are pointing a
finger of blame at the country's multi-billion dollar  intelligence
network. Senator Pat Roberts said the Senate Intelligence Committee had
no indication the attacks were coming: "In my view, this has been an
intelligence failure."


Last Updated: 12:08 UK, Wednesday September 12, 2001


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