Check out our Special Report on the Financial Crisis. Don't miss feature
writer Ted Landphair's America - a blog on American life. And remember to log
on to USAVotes2008.com, our election community site, where you can discuss U.S.
politics with others around the world.
McCain, Obama Square Off in Season's Last Debate
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Debate produced heated discussion of slumping US economy, some testy exchanges
about conduct of candidates' campaigns
The third and final American presidential debate produced heated discussion of
the slumping U.S. economy and some testy exchanges about the conduct of the
candidates' two campaigns. VOA's Michael Bowman reports from Hofstra University
in New York, which hosted the event between Republican Senator John McCain and
Democratic Senator Barack Obama. Senator Barack Obama (left) greets
Senator John McCain at beginning of debate in New York, 15 Oct 2008In their
last joint appearance before the November 4 election, senators McCain and Obama
clashed on how best to revive the U.S. economy and spare Americans from pain
and dislocation stemming from the continuing financial crisis. McCain took a
strong stand against any new federal taxes and said Obama's plan to raise taxes
for high-income earners would harm small businesses and ordinary Americans.
"Why would you want to increase anybody's taxes right now? Why would you want
to do that [to] anyone, anyone in America, when we have such a tough time, when
these small business people, like Joe the plumber, are going to create jobs,
unless you take that money from him and spread the wealth around,” said John
McCain. Senator Barack Obama speaks during presidential debate, 15 Oct
2008Obama stressed he wants to cut taxes for middle-income Americans and said
McCain represents a continuation of President Bush's economic policies. "On the
core economic issues that matter to the American people - on tax policy, on
energy, on spending priorities - you have been a vigorous supporter of
President Bush,” said Barack Obama. “Essentially what you are proposing is
eight more years of the same thing, and it hasn't worked, and I think the
American people understand it hasn't worked and we need to move in a new
direction." Unlike previous debate encounters where McCain and Obama spoke from
podiums or took turns standing in front of a town hall audience, this debate
had the two men seated close to each other at a single table. The proximity was
intended to foster direct, spontaneous exchanges between the candidates, and to
make it harder for either to give a series of pre-rehearsed mini-speeches. The
formula seemed to have worked. Senator John McCain at presidential debate
in New York, 15 Oct 2008McCain, who repeatedly went on the offensive to
challenge Obama's positions and statements, pressed his rival on his connection
to a 1960's radical, William Ayers. He also mentioned Obama's ties to a civic
organization, Acorn, that has been accused of voter registration fraud. "Mr.
Ayers - I do not care about an old, washed-up terrorist, but as Senator
[Hillary] Clinton said in her debates with you, we need to know the full extent
of that relationship,” he said. “We need to know the full extent of Senator
Obama's relationship with Acorn, which is now on the verge of maybe
perpetrating the greatest fraud in voter history." Obama, who seemed determined
to project calm and an even temper, took the opportunity to speak on the Ayers
matter, which has been the focus of much media attention in recent days.
Senators Barack Obama (l) and John McCain debating at Hofstra University in New
York, 15 Oct 2008"Forty years ago, when I was eight years old, he [Ayers]
engaged in despicable acts with a radical domestic group,” he said. “I have
roundly condemned those acts. Ten years ago, he served and I served on a school
reform board that was funded by one of Ronald Reagan's former ambassadors and
close friends. Mr. Ayers is not involved in my campaign." The wide-ranging
debate also explored health care reform, trade policy, the negative tone of
political advertising, judicial nominations, abortion and education.During the
debate, both campaigns issued statements rebutting their opponent's arguments.
Both campaigns claimed victory moments after the event ended. Post-debate polls
will explore the American public's verdict on the debate, in coming days.
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US Investors Hopeful as Inflation Unchanged
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Stock futures move higher as Labor Department report shows inflation flat,
claims for unemployment benefits decline
Sale signs in a Pasadena, California store front (Oct 2008 file photo)U.S.
stock futures are moving higher, investors encouraged by government reports
showing that inflation remained flat in September and that initial claims for
unemployment benefits fell.The U.S. Labor Department said Thursday that
consumer prices were unchanged in September due in large part to falling energy
costs. Officials say, excluding food and energy, prices gained just one-tenth
of one percent.A second Labor Department report said the number of Americans
filing jobless claims dropped last week. But officials say the total number of
Americans continuing to ask for unemployment benefits rose to more than 3.7
million, the highest it has been in five years.Europe's key markets in London,
Frankfurt and France had been down more than five percent at the start of their
trading sessions, but pared their losses after the U.S. reports were
released.Other recent economic data, combined with ongoing concerns about the
global financial crisis, has many investors worried that a global recession may
be inevitable.Earlier, those fears sent Japan's Nikkei down more than 11
percent, the worst loss for the index in two decades. Share prices in South
Korea were nearly 10 percent lower , while the Hang Seng in Hong Kong lost
nearly five percent at the close. White House officials said Wednesday that
leaders of the Group of Eight industrialized nations (including the United
States, Japan, Germany, France, Britain, Italy, Canada, and Russia) would work
to strengthen financial institutions and restore confidence.
Some information for this report was provided by AFP, AP, Bloomberg and Reuters.
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Asian Markets Drop Sharply on Lower US Spending, Recession Fears
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US stocks fell sharply in Wednesday trading after report showed drop in retail
sales
Stock markets across Asia dropped sharply after a decline in retail sales in
the United States. As Daniel Schearf reports from Beijing, Asian businesses
are particularly vulnerable to a slow down in U.S. consumer spending.Tokyo's
Nikkei index was down more than 11 percent, its biggest drop in 21 years, while
South Korea's main index fell more than nine percent.The strength of South
Korean banks came under scrutiny and its currency, the won, dropped nearly 10
percent against the dollar.A photographer takes a picture of a display showing
stock prices at a brokerage firm in Hong Kong, 16 Oct 2008Hong Kong shares lost
eight percent in early trading but recovered some ground to close down 4.8
percent.Some markets had more moderate losses; Mumbai's main stock index lost
just a little over two percent and Jakarta gave up 3.8 percent.The declines
came after U.S. data showed September retail sales fell 1.2 percent, almost
double the expected loss. That sent the Dow Jones Industrial Average in New
York sliding almost eight percent."This crisis is not over. What has happened
in the West is they've taken steps which are starting to lead to a return of
confidence in the system," said Bob Broadfoot, managing director of Political
and Economic Risk Consultancy in Hong Kong. "But, the economic fall-out is
going to play out over the next year. And, I think that the markets in Asia are
starting to realize, especially in places like China, that the economies here
are all going to be adversely affected."Asia's export-oriented economies depend
on U.S. consumers to drive growth. Now that money in the U.S. is tight, Asia
is feeling the pinch, because orders for manufactured goods are slowing.The
global financial crisis started with defaults on high-risk loans in the United
States. Big name investment banks were hit hard - Lehman Brothers declared
bankruptcy and Merrill Lynch was bought by Bank of America.As result, credit
has nearly dried up around the world, making it hard for companies to borrow
cash to fund operations or to expand.The U.S. government has earmarked more
than $700 billion to shore up financial institutions and get credit flowing
again. Other governments around the world have announced similar plans.But the
bailout effort has so far shown little sign of restoring investor confidence or
calming fears of a global recession.
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Commodity Prices Tumble in Australia as Credit Crisis Bites
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Industry experts say while exports of commodities to China will suffer in
short-term, future appears much brighter
Australia's economy has enjoyed years of solid growth thanks to a booming
resources sector. Now, the good times appear to be fading as the global credit
crisis affects China's appetite for Australian iron and other minerals. >From
Sydney, Phil Mercer reports.Man looks at Australian Securities Exchange board,
10 Oct 2008As the world economy tumbles, commodity prices have also fallen
sharply. Shares in Australian mining giants, BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto, have
plunged.It has been a spectacular fall for a sector that until recently had
enjoyed record-breaking prices.Matthew Smith, an economist at the University of
Sydney, expects worse to follow."What we've seen at the moment there's clearly
been a lot of speculative activity in commodities partly because of the credit
boom as well and that is now going to disappear and you'll see prices
immediately fall, I think," Smith said. "They will fall further as the demand
for these commodities will fall. So, yes that will tend to bring down price
inflation."The inflation rate measures changes in the cost of living and in the
prices of goods and services. In Australia it stands at 4.5 percent a year,
which is much higher than the country's Reserve Bank would like. The Asian
Development Bank estimates that average inflation across Asia has increased to
seven-point-eight percent in 2008 - the highest in more than a decade.Falling
commodity prices should help to bring inflation down but Smith thinks that
other economic factors in Australia could temper falls in the cost of
living."There is one thing though and that is the exchange rate in Australia
has fallen considerably by about 25 percent over the last month," Smith said.
"So, that will feed into higher import prices and so that will mean that there
will be some consumer goods that will be higher. (The) cost of living will
remain fairly high for a period of time before it starts subsiding and settling
down." A weaker Australian dollar also keeps the benefits of falling oil
prices from being passed onto drivers.World grain prices also have been
tumbling from the highs of early this year, but from Manila's food stalls to
Sydney's supermarkets, consumers are not yet seeing lower food prices.There
have been serious supply problems in global agriculture, including storms that
have hurt the rice crop in Southeast Asia, and a drought in Australia that has
hampered the harvest.Analysts fear that farmers, frustrated by falling prices
and credit shortages, will plant less.Luke Chandler, from Rabobank Australia,
thinks the commodity market turbulence will continue."The commodity markets
have really been battered by the uncertainty we've had in the broader economy,"
Chandler noted. "And it's really going to take a period of adjustment until we
get some relative stability in these financial markets so that we can see a
turnaround in the confidence of traders and investors to step back into the
markets." There is some optimism for the Australian resource market.
Industry experts think that while exports of commodities to China will suffer
in the short-term, the situation further down the track is much brighter, which
will help to insulate Australia from the worst effects of the global
slowdown.Market analyst Peter Arden says that Asia's demand for Australian
minerals will recover."The world has grown a lot bigger over that decade and
still needs minerals to replace ones that have been mined out of traditional
deposits," Arden said. "So, the sector still has a very robust condition about
it and it still will enjoy very good times because at the end of the day, in
our view, the industrializations and particularly urbanizations going on in
India and China are very long-run things that support long-term commodity
demand." In the meantime, the Australian government this week announced an
unprecedented package to help the economy ride out the global downturn.The plan
will use about $6.7 billion to stimulate demand by giving cash handouts to
retirees, first-time home buyers and others with low incomes. Prime Minister
Kevin Rudd hopes the money will keep the economy afloat during these troubled
times."What began as a patch of bad weather in America has now become a cyclone
that has threatened to engulf the world," Rudd said. "But my message to the
nation today is that while these winds of ill-fortune have battered
institutions and shattered confidence across the world, the Australian
financial system remains strong. Our economy remains strong." It is,
though, likely to become sluggish. While any falls in inflation and interest
rates, will be good for consumers, an economic downturn will almost certainly
cost jobs. Australia, like other countries in the Asia-Pacific region, may
escape the worst of the global financial meltdown, but it will suffer economic
pain.
------------------------------------------------------
Suspected US Missile Strikes Pakistan's South Waziristan
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Thursday's strike hit area controlled by Baitullah Mehsud, leader of coalition
of Pakistani Taliban groups
Locals in Pakistan's South Waziristan tribal agency say a suspected
U.S. drone aircraft has fired a missile into a local home. VOA's Barry
Newhouse reports from Islamabad that intelligence officials say four
people were killed in the latest apparent attack against Taliban
militants.Suspected American drone aircraft have launched about 12 missile
strikes against targets in North and South Waziristan in the past two months -
a sharp increase in such operations against suspected Taliban and al Qaida
militants. The latest strike hit an area controlled by Baitullah Mehsud, the
leader of a coalition of Pakistani Taliban groups. Earlier, Taliban militants
in the Swat valley attacked a police station using rockets before a suicide
bomber detonated a car bomb next to the compound. The attack killed at least
four security personnel. Since August, Pakistan's military has been locked in
ongoing battles against Islamic militants in areas of the rural northwest.
Officials say militants have retaliated by carrying out bombings in Pakistan's
cities, including last month's bombing of the Marriott hotel in Islamabad that
killed more than 50 people.The fighting has weakened Pakistan's already shaky
economy, sending the rupee to an all time low against the dollar. A continuing
electricity shortage still plagues much of the country and has contributed to
water shortages in some places. Lawmakers have pledged to pursue a political
consensus for a security plan to tackle the militancy, but an ongoing series of
closed-door military briefings to a joint-session of parliament have drawn
criticisms from many politicians. Pakistan Muslim League - Q party Senator
Khalid Ranjha tells VOA the meetings have been largely filled with
platitudes."It is a common reaction of all the members that this is much ado
about nothing," Ranjha said. "This is nothing to do with a joint session apart
from good phrases, we should do better, we should fight terrorism - there is
nothing to bite at." The closed-door meetings are expected to continue for
several more days. Lawmakers are officially barred from discussing the content
of the proceedings.
------------------------------------------------------
Thailand, Cambodia Working to Resolve Border Dispute
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Dispute concerns land around the 900-year-old Preah Vihear temple
Thailand and Cambodia are renewing diplomatic efforts to end a border dispute
centering on an ancient temple complex. United Nations Secretary-General Ban
Ki-moon has urged the two nations to use restraint after a clash that left
soldiers on both sides of the border wounded and two Cambodians dead. VOA's
Kate Pound Dawson in Bangkok has more.Officials from both nations are making
clear they do not want the dispute to escalate. Military commanders were
meeting, Thursday morning, near the border to find ways to avoid new
violence.Cambodian soldiers patrol on the road up to the famed Preah Vihear
temple, Preah Vihear province, Cambodia, near Thai border, 16 Oct 2008Both
sides accuse the other of starting the Wednesday shooting that left several
soldiers injured.The dispute concerns land around the 900-year-old Preah Vihear
temple. In 1962, the International Court of Justice granted sovereignty over
the temple to Cambodia, but a main access route to it lies in Thailand. For
decades, a lingering disagreement over the area was nearly dormant, but it
revived in July when Thai nationalists protested Cambodia's successful request
to have the temple declared a U.N. World Heritage site. Talks on the dispute
ended unsuccessfully, Monday, and Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen then
declared that Thai troops had crossed the border. Sunai Pasuk, the Thailand
representative for Human Rights Watch, says international concerns rose after
Mr. Hun Sen issued an ultimatum to Thailand to pull back its troops. "I believe
that Thailand has the world community on its side," said Sunai. "So, this fact
needs to be considered by Hun Sen." United Nations Secretary-General Ban
Ki-moon has expressed concern about the fighting and has called on both
countries to peacefully resolve the dispute.In Washington, the U.S. State
Department also urges both governments to avoid violence.It is not clear
exactly what sparked this week's shooting. However, fear that the conflict may
widen has prompted about 400 Thais to leave Cambodia, after Bangkok urged
citizens to return home if they did not have urgent business across the
border. And, hundreds of Cambodians are reported to be leaving their homes
near the temple.
------------------------------------------------------
Zimbabwe Talks Move Toward Compromise
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Partial agreement expected Thursday after two full days of intense, long
sessions of negotiations mediated by former South African president Thabo Mbeki
Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe has made some compromises over distribution of
cabinet portfolios according to the state controlled and owned Herald newspaper
Thursday. Peta Thornycroft reports from Harare a partial agreement is expected
Thursday after two full days of intense and long sessions of negotiations
mediated by former South African president Thabo Mbeki.Zimbabwean President
Robert Mugabe arrives at hotel in Harare on October 15, 2008 for the second day
of talks, which are being mediated by former South African President Thabo
Mbeki At stake for prime minister designate Morgan Tsvangirai, leader of the
Movement for Democratic Change party, is the ability to run a new government
and deliver relief urgently to the people of Zimbabwe.He signed up to a power
sharing agreement last month but it broke down at the weekend when Mr. Mugabe
assigned all the security ministries to his ZANU-PF party. ZANU-PF now sits on
the opposition benches in parliament following the narrow MDC victory in the
March elections.Tsvangirai has let it be known that he is deeply concerned
about the sudden and dramatic upsurge in hunger nationwide, particularly in the
south of Zimbabwe.Several Legislators from the south, in Harare for parliament,
said children under five are beginning to die in their rural areas. One
legislator said he believes this is the worst food insecurity in living memory
in the Matabeleland North province.Senator David Coltart said Wednesday he is
watching people shrivel in front of his eyes in his district in second city
Bulawayo. Food agencies have not yet begun any meaningful distribution of
emergency feeding to many areas under threat of mass starvation, as they were
banned in June by the government for three critical months from making
preparations for emergency feeding. They are now trying to catch up but hunger
stalks most of the population which goes to bed hungry at night. Movement for
Democratic Change (MDC) President Morgan Tsvangirai in Harare, 15 Oct. 2008 The
pressure therefore is also on Tsvangirai to find a way through the talks to be
able to form a government.The dispute over ministries narrowed in the last day
to the crucial ministries of finance and home affairs.The finance ministry
would allow Tsvangirai to control the aid he hopes the west will provide to
rebuild the socialwelfare ministries he will control. Home affairs, controls
the police. However Mr. Mugabe, with his vast portfolio of powers embedded in
the executive presidency, can appoint the commissioner of police even if
Tsvangirai has some power over the every day affairs of the large police
force.Several policemen in Harare in bank queues in the last few days said they
were hungry, were not paid enough, and did not want to be controlled by Mr.
Mugabe.However the senior ranks of the police, such as those in the army and
intelligence services, have been given white owned farms by Mr. Mugabe.The
unlocking of the deadlock declared by Tsvanirai last week will attract both
praise and criticism from Zimbabweans. Many of the poor in the streets say they
are desperate for a change, any change. Others say he would be settling for an
inferior deal in which he would be providing respectability in the
international arena for Mr Mugabe who will continue to wield the real power. No
one , however, seems to have suggestions of any alternative to an attempt at a
government of national unity.
------------------------------------------------------
Climate Change, Global Credit Crisis Deepen Poverty and Hunger in East Timor
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New survey finds more than 70 percent of households unable to find enough to
eat during half the year
Aid agencies warn that East Timor faces a food crisis and more than half of its
youngest children are going hungry as global food prices soar. A new survey
reveals that more than 70 percent of households across East Timor are unable to
find enough to eat each day for almost half the year. From Sydney, Phil Mercer
reports.Elderly vendor waits for customers (File)A group of international aid
organizations says that East Timor's "hungry season", which usually lasts for a
couple of months, now extends for almost half of the year.The number of
children under age five suffering from chronic malnutrition has hit as high as
59 percent in many areas. In some districts the food crisis has touched 90
percent of households.Aid workers say the global financial meltdown has
contributed to the problem, as jobs are lost and donors cut back aid, while
food prices have spiraled upward. Charities estimate that an extra 100 million
people have been pushed closer to hunger in other parts of Asia, the Pacific
and Africa, as well. Andrew Hewett, the executive director of Oxfam Australia,
says changing weather patterns have cut into East Timor's harvests."We are
finding that climate change is causing problems for people's livelihoods and
people's food security in that country," Hewett said. "It was already a pretty
desperate situation in East Timor. People were used to the idea that for at
least a couple of months a year that they just did not have enough food. The
problem is that that period has got greater."Despite turmoil in international
financial markets, charities urge wealthier countries to support emergency food
programs.Aid workers have reported similar problems in Cambodia and the Solomon
Islands, where children are increasingly surviving on just one meal a day.It
has been a hard road for East Timor since independence from Indonesia in 2002.
It suffers ethnic and regional divisions, and youth unemployment is above 60
percent.In addition, a rebellion by disaffected soldiers in 2006 triggered
violence that killed more than 30 people and forced 150,000 residents from
their homes. Thousands remain in refugee camps.
------------------------------------------------------
Paris Conference Highlights Growing Concern Over Human Trafficking
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Experts say most trafficking takes place in Asia but hundreds of thousands also
trafficked yearly in Europe
Non-governmental experts and European officials are gathering in Paris Thursday
for a conference about the rising phenomenon of human trafficking. Lisa
Bryant reports from the French capital that experts are calling for better
monitoring and coordination to combat the problem, especially in cases
involving children who have been the most vulnerable.Experts estimate that
about 2.4 million people are trafficked around the world each year, with the
numbers rising. But that is only a rough estimate, they say, since getting a
grip on the phenomenon is difficult. But one thing is clear, according to
Marina Leabsch, the number of people being trafficking around the world is
increasing. Leabsch is an expert on human trafficking for the Catholic relief
organization Caritas, which is organizing the Paris conference. "According to
the recent estimates of the International Labor Organization, we can see that
half of the estimated people being trafficked are children, and since
trafficking is a crime and a serious violation of human rights, it's clearly a
concern," she said.Leabsch says most of the human trafficking takes place in
Asia - but about 250,000 people are trafficked each year in Europe and other
industrialized countries. "If we talk about [Europe], then we are certainly
talking about countries like Ukraine, the Czech Republic, Lithuania - also all
the Baltic countries, but also Russia," she said.Child trafficking and sexual
exploitation of women and minors are the most severe forms of abuse that occur
frequently in impoverished regions of the PhilippinesExperts like Leabsch say
children are easy prey for traffickers in particular. In some cases their
parents are tricked into believing they are sending their children to a better
life in a richer nation. Caritas and other groups fighting against human
trafficking are urging the European Union to do more to monitor the phenomenon
within individual member states and to establish more cross - border
communication to combat it across the 27-member block.
------------------------------------------------------
Study: Old Polio Vaccine Four Times More Effective Than Newer Drug
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Researchers say nowhere is this more evident than Nigeria, which harbors lion's
share of global polio cases
According to a study published this week in the New England Journal of
Medicine, researchers report that an older polio vaccine is much more effective
at protecting children against the paralytic disease than newer drugs.
Researchers say no where is this more evident than Nigeria, which harbors the
lion's share of global polio cases. VOA's Jessica Berman reports.
US health official Mike Leavitt holding child and polio vaccine in
IndiaIn 2003, while the rest of the world had become virtually polio-free
thanks to vaccination, Nigeria became a hotbed of the paralytic disease when it
halted its immunization program for one year, with the polio rate soaring to 82
percent of all global cases.
In an effort to bring the situation under control, the Nigerian government
began an eradication campaign in 2006 that included two different types of
vaccine.
The most widely used vaccine worldwide is a one that contains live, weakened
virus to stimulate the body's immune system to fight the disease. Known as an
OPV vaccine, this polio vaccine can be either trivalent or monovalent.
A trivalent vaccine confers protection against the three types of polio. A
monovalent vaccine, which targets a single disease-causing type, had been used
for many years before the trivalent vaccine was developed.
In a study of both types of vaccine in Nigeria, researchers compared the two
drugs to see which was more effective in preventing the disease in thousands of
children between 2001 and 2007.
Researchers with England's Imperial College in London and the World Health
Organization concluded the older, monovalent vaccine is four times more
effective than the trivalent in protecting children against polio.
Senior author Nicholas Grassly, an infectious diseases specialist at Imperial
College, says the three polio or sero-types in the trivalent vaccine weaken its
effectiveness against the most common form of the disease, type one polio.
"These three serotypes, they provide immunity, but they can interfere with one
another in the gut," he said.
Researchers found that a child receiving a monovalent type one vaccine has a
67 percent reduced risk of becoming infected with polio compared to sixteen
percent risk of infection for the standard trivalent vaccine.
Experts say since 2006, the number of reported cases of polio in Nigeria has
dropped by 75 percent with the use of the live weakened monovalent polio
vaccine.
Vaccine scientist Ellie Ehrenfeld at the US National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases says the findings demonstrate a monovalent vaccine is a
good tool in the fight against paralytic polio.
But Ehrenfeld thinks the safer and more expensive polio vaccine used in the
West called IPV ought to be available around the globe.
She believes IPV, which is made from the killed polio virus, will control the
disease once eradication has been achieved. "I do think and I feel pretty
strongly that when you have only one tool in your tool box which in this case
is OPV, especially when there exists another tool that is IPV that it is a
mistake to put all you eggs in one basket," he said.
Ehrenfeld's comments were published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
------------------------------------------------------
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