*From Meryl Nass:* *Dr. Thomas Cowan believes that no viruses exist. Dr. Andrew Kaufman is > science-light. Those are Mr. Rappoport’s guiding lights.* > > > *Why did that CDC document written in February say CDC had no quantifiable > virus samples available? Because CDC was scamming the US citizenry by > creating a faulty test for Covid (and they were quickly informed that it > was faulty, but they did not fix it) and refusing to allow anyone else to > offer a valid test, until Feb 29. Of course they had the virus. But they > were not sharing their information nor any samples with anyone until > forced, on Feb 29. I suspect this was part of a plan to allow the virus to > spread through the US in the absence of a means to detect it with tests. > But perhaps it was simply gross incompetence and hubris.* > > *You can call SARS-2 anything you want, but it acts like a virus. But it > is transmitted between people and some animals, whether you choose to > believe it is alive or dead. It is grown in labs. It is transmitted > between animals in labs. It can be destroyed (I call it killed) in a > broth, petri dish, test tube with a number of drugs. And its relatives > were experimented on in labs, after the progenitors were taken from bats. > And you have to grow them (viruses or whatever you call them) in labs in > order to experiment on them.* > > *SARS-2 grows in cells in the back of the nose and throat at first, then > moves into more cell types and can kill you by initiating cell death, > cytokine storm, hyoercoagulability.* > > *No poisons do that. It can only happen if the virus GROWS and > MULTIPLIES.* > > *Here are some references, and I have included the beginning of the 3’d > reference so you can see for yourselves if this is a virus, has been > isolated, cultured, etc.* > > Akst J. Australian Lab Cultures New Coronavirus as Infections Climb. The > Scientist. > https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/australian-lab-cultures-new-coronavirus-as-infections-climb-67031 > . > > 2. CDC has grown the COVID-19 virus in cell culture > <https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/grows-virus-cell-culture.html>, > which is necessary for further studies, including for additional genetic > characterization. The cell-grown virus was sent to NIH’s BEI > ResourcesRepository > <https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/bei-resources-repository> for use by > the broad scientific community. > > https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/ > > Pathology <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#>. 2020 > Oct 8 > doi: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.09.012 > <https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pathol.2020.09.012> [Epub ahead of print] > PMCID: PMC7543926 > Virus isolation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 > (SARS-CoV-2) for diagnostic and research purposes > Sacha Stelzer-Braid > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Stelzer-Braid%20S%5BAuthor%5D>, > 1,2,∗ Gregory J. Walker > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Walker%20GJ%5BAuthor%5D>,1,2 > Anupriya > Aggarwal > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Aggarwal%20A%5BAuthor%5D>,3 Sonia > R. Isaacs > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Isaacs%20SR%5BAuthor%5D>,1,2 > Malinna > Yeang <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Yeang%20M%5BAuthor%5D>,1, > 4 Zin Naing > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Naing%20Z%5BAuthor%5D>,4 Alberto > Ospina Stella > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Stella%20AO%5BAuthor%5D>,3 Stuart > G. Turville > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Turville%20SG%5BAuthor%5D>,3 > and William D. Rawlinson > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Rawlinson%20WD%5BAuthor%5D>1,2, > 4 > Author information > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#> Article notes > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#> Copyright and > License information > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#> Disclaimer > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/about/disclaimer/> > Go to: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#> > Abstract > Isolation of the new pandemic virus severe acute respiratory syndrome > coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential for diagnostic and research > purposes including assessment of novel therapeutics. Several primary and > continuous cell lines are currently used, and new organoid and engineered > cell lines are being developed for improved investigation and understanding > of the human immune response to this virus. Here we review the growth of > SARS-CoV-2 in reference standard cell lines, engineered cell lines and new > developments in this field. > *Key words: *Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, > virus culture, cell culture, respiratory virus > Go to: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#> > Introduction > Virus culture has been regarded as the reference standard of diagnostics > for decades, as it allows for identification and isolation of active, > replicating virus.1 > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib1> However, > more rapid and sensitive molecular techniques, typically nucleic acid > amplification tests (NAAT), such as real-time polymerase chain reaction > (PCR), are now the major routine diagnostic tests used in virology > diagnostic laboratories. Particularly with a novel or emerging virus such > as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there are > certain circumstances where virus isolation for diagnostic and research > purposes remains important, including: > > - 1. > To test convalescent sera for neutralising potential, for example as > therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in intensive > care units. > - 2. > To determine whether infectious virus is present, particularly to > inform return to work for previously infectious individuals such as health > care workers; individuals with persistent PCR positive results on serial > follow-up samples for viral clearance purpose; or when to discontinue > transmission-based precautions for patients.2 > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib2> > - 3. > As first line testing for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation efficacy of > potential preventative or therapeutic compounds. > - 4. > For use as positive controls in the evaluation of molecular assays.3 > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib3> > > *The first culture of SARS-CoV-2 internationally was reported by Caly and > colleagues in Melbourne, Australia on 28 January 2020 and the cultured > virus was rapidly shared globally with other researchers*.4 > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib4> The World > Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus a virus of Public Health > Emergency of International Concern shortly afterwards on 30 January, and a > pandemic on 11 March 2020. > Initial studies of SARS-CoV-2 virus culture were performed using the > monkey kidney cell lines Vero-CCL81 and Vero E6.4 > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib4> , 5 > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib5> However, > various cell lines have been reported as able to sustain SARS-CoV-2 growth > and offer a closer approximation to the human immune response. *We review > here the growth of the virus in existing standard (monkey and human) and > engineered cell lines. We discuss the utility of human cell lines in virus > culture*, and the potential for using these in human immunological and > other studies. > Go to: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#> > SARS-CoV-2 virus isolation > The SARS-CoV-2 virus requires the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) > receptor6 <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib6> for > entry into the host cell. This receptor is expressed in lung epithelial > cells as well as endothelial cells lining the arteries, veins, capillaries, > small intestine, testes, renal tissue and cardiovascular tissue.7 > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib7>, 8 > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib8>, 9 > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib9> Infection of > the host cell also relies on priming of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by the > transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS).6 > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib6> The ACE2 > receptor is also used as the receptor for both SARS-CoV and the related > human respiratory alphacoronavirus NL63.8 > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib8> > Clinical samples being collected for SARS-Cov-2 nucleic acid amplification > tests are upper respiratory tract samples, typically sampling both the > nose/nasopharyngeal and throat (oropharyngeal) with (preferably) flocked > swabs, as recommended by the Australian Public Health Laboratory Network10 > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib10> and World > Health Organization.11 > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib11> Lower > respiratory tract samples including sputum (if produced) and > bronchoalveolar lavage are collected if the lower respiratory tract is > suspected to be involved, although risk of virus aerosolisation is higher. > 11 <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib11> The > virus is detectable by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in > the stool of ∼30% patients, and while this may not be infectious, > SARS-CoV-2 in one stool sample from a Chinese patient who died from > COVID-19 was reported to be culturable after second round passage.12 > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib12> The virus > is not commonly detected in urine; only one of nine patients had a very low > level of SARS-CoV-2 in urine detected by real-time PCR in a study by Peng > and colleagues.13 > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543926/#bib13> > > > > > > On Nov 1, 2020, at 5:42 PM, Mark Crispin Miller < > [email protected]> wrote: > > > https://blog.nomorefakenews.com/2020/10/26/the-missing-virus-answering-critics-objections/ > > > ---
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