DomGarguilo commented on code in PR #5691:
URL: https://github.com/apache/accumulo/pull/5691#discussion_r2177850964


##########
core/src/main/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/rpc/AccumuloProtocolFactory.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.accumulo.core.rpc;
+
+import org.apache.accumulo.core.Constants;
+import org.apache.accumulo.core.data.InstanceId;
+import org.apache.thrift.TException;
+import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
+import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TMessage;
+import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
+import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
+
+/**
+ * Factory for creating instances of the AccumuloProtocol.
+ * <p>
+ * This protocol includes a custom header to ensure compatibility between 
different versions of the
+ * protocol.
+ */
+public class AccumuloProtocolFactory extends TCompactProtocol.Factory {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  private final boolean isClient;
+  private final InstanceId instanceId;
+
+  public static class AccumuloProtocol extends TCompactProtocol {
+
+    static final int MAGIC_NUMBER = 0x41434355; // "ACCU" in ASCII
+    static final byte PROTOCOL_VERSION = 1;
+
+    private final boolean isClient;
+    private final InstanceId instanceId;
+
+    public AccumuloProtocol(TTransport transport, InstanceId instanceId, 
boolean isClient) {
+      super(transport);
+      this.instanceId = instanceId;
+      this.isClient = isClient;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For client calls, write the Accumulo protocol header before writing the 
message
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessageBegin(TMessage message) throws TException {
+      if (this.isClient) {
+        this.writeClientHeader();
+      }
+      super.writeMessageBegin(message);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For server calls, validate the header before reading the message
+     */
+    @Override
+    public TMessage readMessageBegin() throws TException {
+      if (!this.isClient) {
+        this.validateHeader();
+      }
+
+      return super.readMessageBegin();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes the Accumulo protocol header containing version and 
identification info
+     */
+    private void writeClientHeader() throws TException {
+      super.writeI32(MAGIC_NUMBER);
+      super.writeByte(PROTOCOL_VERSION);
+      super.writeString(Constants.VERSION);
+      super.writeString(this.instanceId.canonical());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads and validates the Accumulo protocol header
+     *
+     * @throws TException if the header is invalid or incompatible
+     */
+    void validateHeader() throws TException {
+
+      final int magic;
+      try {
+        magic = super.readI32();
+      } catch (TException e) {
+        throw new TException("Failed to read magic number from header", e);
+      }
+      if (magic != MAGIC_NUMBER) {
+        throw new TException("Invalid Accumulo protocol: magic number 
mismatch. Expected: 0x"
+            + Integer.toHexString(MAGIC_NUMBER) + ", got: 0x" + 
Integer.toHexString(magic));
+      }
+
+      final byte clientProtocolVersion;
+      try {
+        clientProtocolVersion = super.readByte();
+      } catch (TException e) {
+        throw new TException("Failed to read protocol version from header", e);
+      }
+      validateProtocolVersion(clientProtocolVersion);
+
+      final String clientAccumuloVersion;
+      try {
+        clientAccumuloVersion = super.readString();
+      } catch (TException e) {
+        throw new TException("Failed to read accumulo version from header", e);
+      }
+      validateAccumuloVersion(clientAccumuloVersion);
+
+      final String clientInstanceId;
+      try {
+        clientInstanceId = super.readString();
+      } catch (TException e) {
+        throw new TException("Failed to read instance id from header", e);
+      }
+      validateInstanceId(clientInstanceId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws TException if the given protocol version is incompatible with 
the current version
+     */
+    private void validateProtocolVersion(byte protocolVersion) throws 
TException {
+      if (protocolVersion != PROTOCOL_VERSION) {
+        throw new TException("Incompatible protocol version. Version seen: " + 
protocolVersion
+            + ", expected version: " + PROTOCOL_VERSION);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws TException if the given Accumulo version (client) is 
incompatible with the current
+     *         version (server)
+     */
+    private void validateAccumuloVersion(String clientAccumuloVersion) throws 
TException {
+      final String serverAccumuloVersion = Constants.VERSION;
+
+      // Extract major.minor version components
+      final String serverMajorMinor = 
extractMajorMinorVersion(serverAccumuloVersion);
+      final String clientMajorMinor = 
extractMajorMinorVersion(clientAccumuloVersion);
+
+      if (!serverMajorMinor.equals(clientMajorMinor)) {

Review Comment:
   See https://github.com/apache/accumulo/pull/5398#discussion_r2029431139 for 
one explanation.



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