membphis commented on code in PR #12686:
URL: https://github.com/apache/apisix/pull/12686#discussion_r2467601253


##########
apisix/utils/span.lua:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+--
+-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+-- contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+-- this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+-- The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+-- (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+-- the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+--
+local tablepool = require("tablepool")
+local util = require("opentelemetry.util")
+local span_status = require("opentelemetry.trace.span_status")
+local setmetatable = setmetatable
+local table = table
+local ipairs = ipairs
+local pool_name = "opentelemetry_span"
+
+local _M = {}
+
+
+local mt = {
+    __index = _M
+}
+
+
+function _M.new(name, kind)
+    local self = tablepool.fetch(pool_name, 0, 8)
+    self.name = name
+    self.start_time = util.time_nano()
+    self.end_time = 0
+    self.kind = kind
+    self.attributes = self.attributes or {}
+    self.children = self.children or {}

Review Comment:
   the table `attributes` and `children`, they can be reused
   we can run the flame graph, to confirm if we need this `optimize`



##########
apisix/utils/span.lua:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+--
+-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+-- contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+-- this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+-- The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+-- (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+-- the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+--
+local tablepool = require("tablepool")

Review Comment:
   current way is fine



##########
apisix/utils/span.lua:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+--
+-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+-- contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+-- this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+-- The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+-- (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+-- the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+--
+local tablepool = require("tablepool")
+local util = require("opentelemetry.util")
+local span_status = require("opentelemetry.trace.span_status")
+local setmetatable = setmetatable
+local table = table
+local ipairs = ipairs
+local pool_name = "opentelemetry_span"
+
+local _M = {}
+
+
+local mt = {
+    __index = _M
+}
+
+
+function _M.new(name, kind)
+    local self = tablepool.fetch(pool_name, 0, 8)
+    self.name = name
+    self.start_time = util.time_nano()
+    self.end_time = 0
+    self.kind = kind
+    self.attributes = self.attributes or {}
+    self.children = self.children or {}
+    self.status = nil
+    return setmetatable(self, mt)
+end
+
+
+function _M.append_child(self, span)
+    table.insert(self.children, span)
+end
+
+
+function _M.set_status(self, code, message)
+    code = span_status.validate(code)
+    local status = {
+        code = code,
+        message = ""
+    }
+    if code == span_status.ERROR then
+        status.message = message
+    end
+
+    self.status = status
+end
+
+
+function _M.set_attributes(self, ...)
+    for _, attr in ipairs({ ... }) do

Review Comment:
   current way is slow, make a try with new way:
   
   ```lua
   for ... select('#' )



##########
apisix/utils/span.lua:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+--
+-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+-- contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+-- this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+-- The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+-- (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+-- the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+--
+local tablepool = require("tablepool")
+local util = require("opentelemetry.util")
+local span_status = require("opentelemetry.trace.span_status")
+local setmetatable = setmetatable
+local table = table
+local ipairs = ipairs
+local pool_name = "opentelemetry_span"
+
+local _M = {}
+
+
+local mt = {
+    __index = _M
+}
+
+
+function _M.new(name, kind)
+    local self = tablepool.fetch(pool_name, 0, 8)
+    self.name = name
+    self.start_time = util.time_nano()
+    self.end_time = 0
+    self.kind = kind
+    self.attributes = self.attributes or {}
+    self.children = self.children or {}
+    self.status = nil
+    return setmetatable(self, mt)
+end
+
+
+function _M.append_child(self, span)
+    table.insert(self.children, span)
+end
+
+
+function _M.set_status(self, code, message)
+    code = span_status.validate(code)
+    local status = {
+        code = code,
+        message = ""
+    }
+    if code == span_status.ERROR then
+        status.message = message
+    end
+
+    self.status = status
+end
+
+
+function _M.set_attributes(self, ...)
+    for _, attr in ipairs({ ... }) do
+        table.insert(self.attributes, attr)
+    end
+end
+
+
+function _M.finish(self)
+    self.end_time = util.time_nano()
+end
+
+function _M.release(self)

Review Comment:
   the same as current, the table pool will call `table.clear` auto
   
   ```suggestion
   function _M.release(self)
       tablepool.release(pool_name, self)
   end
   ```



##########
apisix/utils/tracer.lua:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+--
+-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+-- contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+-- this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+-- The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+-- (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+-- the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+--
+local ngx = ngx
+local stack = require("apisix.utils.stack")
+local span = require("apisix.utils.span")
+local span_kind = require("opentelemetry.trace.span_kind")
+local span_status = require("opentelemetry.trace.span_status")
+local table = table
+local pairs = pairs
+
+local _M = {
+    kind = span_kind,
+    status = span_status,
+}
+
+
+function _M.new_span(name, kind)
+    local ctx = ngx.ctx
+    if not ctx._apisix_spans then
+        ctx._apisix_spans = {}
+    end
+    if not ctx._apisix_span_stack then
+        ctx._apisix_span_stack = stack.new()
+    end
+    local sp = span.new(name, kind)
+    if ctx._apisix_skip_tracing then
+        return sp
+    end
+    if ctx._apisix_span_stack:is_empty() then
+        table.insert(ctx._apisix_spans, sp)
+    else
+        local parent_span = ctx._apisix_span_stack:peek()
+        parent_span:append_child(sp)
+    end
+    ctx._apisix_span_stack:push(sp)
+    return sp
+end
+
+
+function _M.finish_current_span(code, message)
+    if not ngx.ctx._apisix_span_stack then
+        return
+    end
+    local sp = ngx.ctx._apisix_span_stack:pop()
+    if code then
+        sp:set_status(code, message)
+    end
+    sp:finish()
+end
+
+function _M.finish_all_spans(code, message)
+    if not ngx.ctx._apisix_spans then

Review Comment:
   ```lua
   local apisix_spans = ngx.ctx._apisix_spans
   if not apisix_spans then
       return
   end
   
   for _, sp in pairs(apisix_spans) do
       if code then
           sp:set_status(code, message)
       end
       sp:finish()
   end



##########
apisix/utils/span.lua:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+--
+-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+-- contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+-- this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+-- The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+-- (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+-- the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+--
+local tablepool = require("tablepool")
+local util = require("opentelemetry.util")
+local span_status = require("opentelemetry.trace.span_status")
+local setmetatable = setmetatable
+local table = table
+local ipairs = ipairs
+local pool_name = "opentelemetry_span"
+
+local _M = {}
+
+
+local mt = {
+    __index = _M
+}
+
+
+function _M.new(name, kind)
+    local self = tablepool.fetch(pool_name, 0, 8)
+    self.name = name
+    self.start_time = util.time_nano()
+    self.end_time = 0
+    self.kind = kind
+    self.attributes = self.attributes or {}
+    self.children = self.children or {}
+    self.status = nil
+    return setmetatable(self, mt)
+end
+
+
+function _M.append_child(self, span)
+    table.insert(self.children, span)
+end
+
+
+function _M.set_status(self, code, message)
+    code = span_status.validate(code)
+    local status = {

Review Comment:
   ```lua
       local status = self.status
       if not status then
           status = {
               code = code,
               message = ""
           }
           self.status = status
       else
           status.code = code
       end
   
       if code == span_status.ERROR then
           status.message = message
       end



##########
apisix/utils/stack.lua:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+--
+-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+-- contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+-- this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+-- The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+-- (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+-- the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+--
+local _M = {}
+local mt = { __index = _M }
+local setmetatable = setmetatable
+
+function _M.new()
+    local self = {
+        _data = {},
+        _n = 0,
+    }
+    return setmetatable(self, mt)
+end
+
+
+function _M.push(self, value)
+    self._n = self._n + 1
+    self._data[self._n] = value
+end
+
+
+function _M.pop(self)
+    if self._n == 0 then
+        return nil
+    end
+
+    local value = self._data[self._n]
+    self._data[self._n] = nil
+    self._n = self._n - 1
+    return value
+end
+
+
+function _M.peek(self)
+    if self._n == 0 then
+        return nil
+    end
+
+    return self._data[self._n]
+end
+
+
+function _M.is_empty(self)
+    return self._n == 0
+end
+
+
+function _M.size(self)
+    return self._n
+end
+
+
+function _M.clear(self)
+    for i = 1, self._n do

Review Comment:
   we can call `table.clear(self._data)`, which is much easier



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