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FreeMarker writes its output - to a <code class="inline-code">Writer</code> that you pass to the - <code class="inline-code">Template.process</code> method, and it does not care if - that <code class="inline-code">Writer</code> prints to the console or to a file or - to the output stream of <code class="inline-code">HttpServletResponse</code>. - FreeMarker knows nothing about servlets and Web; it just merges Java - object with template files and generates text output from them. From - here, it is up to you how to build a Web application around - this.</p><p>But, probably you want to use FreeMarker with some already - existing Web application framework. Many frameworks rely on the - "Model 2" architecture, where JSP pages handle - presentation. If you use such a framework (for example, <a href="http://jakarta.apache.org/struts";>Apache Struts</a>), - then read on. For other frameworks please refer to the documentation - of the framework.</p> - - - - -<h2 class="content-header header-section2" id="pgui_misc_servlet_model2">Using FreeMarker for "Model 2"</h2> - - - <p>Many frameworks follow the strategy that the HTTP request is - dispatched to user-defined "action" classes that put - data into <code class="inline-code">ServletContext</code>, - <code class="inline-code">HttpSession</code> and - <code class="inline-code">HttpServletRequest</code> objects as attributes, and - then the request is forwarded by the framework to a JSP page (the - view) that will generate the HTML page using the data sent with the - attributes. This is often referred as Model 2.</p> - - <p class="center-img"> <img src="figures/model2sketch.png" alt="Figure"> </p> - - - <p>With these frameworks you can simply use FTL files instead of - JSP files. But, since your servlet container (Web application - server), unlike with JSP files, does not know out-of-the-box what to - do with FTL files, a little extra configuring is needed for your Web - application:</p> - - <div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"> - <li> - <p>Copy <code class="inline-code">freemarker.jar</code> (from the - <code class="inline-code">lib</code> directory of the FreeMarker distribution) - into the <code class="inline-code">WEB-INF/lib</code> directory of your Web - application.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>Insert the following section to the - <code class="inline-code">WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file of your Web application - (and adjust it if required):</p> - </li> - </ol></div> - - - -<div class="code-wrapper"><pre class="code-block code-unspecified"><servlet> - <servlet-name>freemarker</servlet-name> - <servlet-class><strong>freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet</strong></servlet-class> - - <!-- - Init-param documentation: - <a href="http://freemarker.org/docs/api/freemarker/ext/servlet/FreemarkerServlet.html";>http://freemarker.org/docs/api/freemarker/ext/servlet/FreemarkerServlet.html</a> - --> - - <!-- FreemarkerServlet settings: --> - <init-param> - <param-name>TemplatePath</param-name> - <param-value>/</param-value> - </init-param> - <init-param> - <param-name>NoCache</param-name> - <param-value>true</param-value> - </init-param> - <init-param> - <param-name>ResponseCharacterEncoding</param-name> - <!-- Use the output_encoding setting of FreeMarker: --> - <param-value>fromTemplate</param-value> - </init-param> - <init-param> - <param-name>ExceptionOnMissingTemplate</param-name> - <!-- true => HTTP 500 on missing template, instead of HTTP 404. --> - <param-value>true</param-value> - </init-param> - - <!-- FreeMarker engine settings: --> - <init-param> - <param-name>incompatible_improvements</param-name> - <param-value>2.3.25</param-value> - <!-- - Recommended to set to a high value. - See: http://freemarker.org/docs/pgui_config_incompatible_improvements.html - --> - </init-param> - <init-param> - <param-name>template_exception_handler</param-name> - <!-- Use "html_debug" during development! --> - <param-value>rethrow</param-value> - </init-param> - <init-param> - <param-name>template_update_delay</param-name> - <!-- Use 0 during development! Consider what value you need otherwise. --> - <param-value>30 s</param-value> - </init-param> - <init-param> - <param-name>default_encoding</param-name> - <!-- The encoding of the template files: --> - <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> - </init-param> - <init-param> - <param-name>output_encoding</param-name> - <!-- The encoding of the template output; Note that you must set - "ResponseCharacterEncodring" to "fromTemplate" for this to work! --> - <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> - </init-param> - <init-param> - <param-name>locale</param-name> - <!-- Influences number and date/time formatting, etc. --> - <param-value>en_US</param-value> - </init-param> - <init-param> - <param-name>number_format</param-name> - <param-value>0.##########</param-value> - </init-param> - - <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -</servlet> - -<servlet-mapping> - <servlet-name>freemarker</servlet-name> - <url-pattern><strong>*.ftl</strong></url-pattern> - <!-- HTML and XML auto-escaped if incompatible_improvements >= 2.3.24: --> - <url-pattern><strong>*.ftlh</strong></url-pattern> - <url-pattern><strong>*.ftl</strong>x</url-pattern> -</servlet-mapping> - -<em>...</em> - -<!-- - Prevent the visiting of MVC Views from outside the servlet container. - RequestDispatcher.forward/include should, and will still work. - Removing this may open security holes! ---> -<security-constraint> - <web-resource-collection> - <web-resource-name>FreeMarker MVC Views</web-resource-name> - <url-pattern>*.ftl</url-pattern> - <url-pattern>*.ftlh</url-pattern> - <url-pattern>*.ftlx</url-pattern> - </web-resource-collection> - <auth-constraint> - <!-- Nobody is allowed to visit these directly. --> - </auth-constraint> -</security-constraint></pre></div> - - <p>After this, you can use FTL files (<code class="inline-code">*.ftl</code>) - in the same manner as JSP (<code class="inline-code">*.jsp</code>) files. (Of - course you can choose another extension besides - <code class="inline-code">ftl</code>; it is just the convention)</p> - - <div class="callout note"> - <strong class="callout-label">Note:</strong> - - <p>How does it work? Let's examine how JSP-s work. Many servlet - container handles JSP-s with a servlet that is mapped to the - <code class="inline-code">*.jsp</code> request URL pattern. That servlet will - receive all requests where the request URL ends with - <code class="inline-code">.jsp</code>, find the JSP file based on the request - URL, and internally compiles it to a <code class="inline-code">Servlet</code>, - and then call the generated servlet to generate the page. The - <code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code> mapped here to the - <code class="inline-code">*.ftl</code> URL pattern does the same, except that - FTL files are not compiled to <code class="inline-code">Servlet</code>-s, but to - <code class="inline-code">Template</code> objects, and then the - <code class="inline-code">process</code> method of <code class="inline-code">Template</code> - will be called to generate the page.</p> - </div> - - - <p><a name="topic.servlet.scopeAttr"></a>For example, instead - of this JSP file (note that it heavily uses Struts tag-libs to save - designers from embedded Java monsters):</p> - - - -<div class="code-wrapper"><pre class="code-block code-template"><%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %> -<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld" prefix="logic" %> - -<html> -<head><title>Acmee Products International</title> -<body> - <h1>Hello <bean:write name="user"/>!</h1> - <p>These are our latest offers: - <ul> - <logic:iterate name="latestProducts" id="prod"> - <li><bean:write name="prod" property="name"/> - for <bean:write name="prod" property="price"/> Credits. - </logic:iterate> - </ul> -</body> -</html></pre></div> - - <p>you can use this FTL file (use <code class="inline-code">ftl</code> file - extension instead of <code class="inline-code">jsp</code>):</p> - - - -<div class="code-wrapper"><pre class="code-block code-template"><html> -<head><title>Acmee Products International</title> -<body> - <h1>Hello ${user}!</h1> - <p>These are our latest offers: - <ul> - <#list latestProducts as prod> - <li>${prod.name} for ${prod.price} Credits. - </#list> - </ul> -</body> -</html></pre></div> - - <div class="callout warning"> - <strong class="callout-label">Warning!</strong> - - <p>In FreeMarker <code class="inline-code"><html:form - action="/query"><em class="code-color">...</em></html:form></code> - is just static text, so it is printed to the output as is, like - any other XML or HTML markup. JSP tags are just FreeMarker - directives, nothing special, so you <em>use FreeMarker - syntax</em> for calling them, not JSP syntax: - <code class="inline-code"><@html.form - action="/query"><em class="code-color">...</em></@html.form></code>. - Note that in the FreeMarker syntax you <em>don't use - <code class="inline-code">${<em class="code-color">...</em>}</code> in - parameters</em> as in JSP, and you <em>don't quote the - parameter values</em>. So this is - <em>WRONG</em>:</p> - - - -<div class="code-wrapper"><pre class="code-block code-template"><#-- WRONG: --> -<@my.jspTag color="${aVariable}" name="aStringLiteral" - width="100" height=${a+b} /></pre></div> - - <p>and this is good:</p> - - - -<div class="code-wrapper"><pre class="code-block code-template"><#-- Good: --> -<@my.jspTag color=aVariable name="aStringLiteral" - width=100 height=a+b /></pre></div> - </div> - - - <p>In both templates, when you refer to <code class="inline-code">user</code> - and <code class="inline-code">latestProduct</code>, it will first try to find a - variable with that name that was created in the template (like - <code class="inline-code">prod</code>; if you master JSP: a page scope attribute). - If that fails, it will try to look up an attribute with that name in - the <code class="inline-code">HttpServletRequest</code>, and if it is not there - then in the <code class="inline-code">HttpSession</code>, and if it still doesn't - find it then in the <code class="inline-code">ServletContext</code>. In the case - of FTL this works because <code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code> - builds the data-model from the attributes of the mentioned 3 - objects. That is, in this case the root hash is not a - <code class="inline-code">java.util.Map</code> (as it was in some example codes in - this manual), but - <code class="inline-code">ServletContext</code>+<code class="inline-code">HttpSession</code>+<code class="inline-code">HttpServletRequest</code>; - FreeMarker is pretty flexible about what the data-model is. So if - you want to put variable <code class="inline-code">"name"</code> into the - data-model, then you call - <code class="inline-code">servletRequest.setAttribute("name", "Fred")</code>; this - is the logic of Model 2, and FreeMarker adapts itself to it.</p> - - <p><code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code> also puts 3 hashes into - the data-model, by which you can access the attributes of the 3 - objects directly. The hash variables are: - <code class="inline-code">Request</code>, <code class="inline-code">Session</code>, - <code class="inline-code">Application</code> (corresponds to - <code class="inline-code">ServletContext</code>). It also exposes another hash - named <code class="inline-code">RequestParameters</code> that provides access to - the parameters of the HTTP request.</p> - - <p><code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code> has various init-params. - It can be set up to load templates from an arbitrary directory, from - the classpath, or relative to the Web application directory. You can - set the charset used for templates, the default locale used by - templates, what object wrapper do you want to use, etc.</p> - - <p><code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code> is easily tailored to - special needs through subclassing. Say, if you need to have - additional variables available in your data-model for all templates, - subclass the servlet and override the - <code class="inline-code">preTemplateProcess()</code> method to shove any - additional data you need into the model before the template gets - processed. Or subclass the servlet, and set these globally available - variables as <a href="pgui_config_sharedvariables.html">shared - variables</a> in the <code class="inline-code">Configuration</code>.</p> - - <p>For more information please read the Java API documentation of - the class.</p> - - - - - -<h2 class="content-header header-section2" id="pgui_misc_servlet_include">Including content from other web application - resources</h2> - - - - - - - - - - - <p>You can use the <code class="inline-code"><@include_page - path="..."/></code> custom directive provided by the - <code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code> (since 2.3.15) to include the - contents of another web application resource into the output; this - is often useful to integrate output of JSP pages (living alongside - the FreeMarker templates in the same web server) into the FreeMarker - template output. Using:</p> - - - -<div class="code-wrapper"><pre class="code-block code-template"><@include_page path="path/to/some.jsp"/></pre></div> - - <p>is identical to using this tag in JSP:</p> - - - -<div class="code-wrapper"><pre class="code-block code-template"><jsp:include page="path/to/some.jsp"></pre></div> - - <div class="callout note"> - <strong class="callout-label">Note:</strong> - - <p><code class="inline-code"><@include_page ...></code> is not to be - confused with <code class="inline-code"><#include ...></code>, as the last - is for including FreeMarker templates without involving the - Servlet container. An <code class="inline-code"><#include ...></code>-ed - template shares the template processing state with the including - template, such as the data-model and the template-language - variables, while <code class="inline-code"><@include_page ...></code> - starts an independent HTTP request processing.</p> - </div> - - - <div class="callout note"> - <strong class="callout-label">Note:</strong> - - <p>Some Web Application Frameworks provide their own solution - for this, in which case you possibly should use that instead. Also - some Web Application Frameworks don't use - <code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code>, so - <code class="inline-code">include_page</code> is not available.</p> - </div> - - - <p>The path can be relative or absolute. Relative paths are - interpreted relative to the URL of the current HTTP request (one - that triggered the template processing), while absolute paths are - absolute in the current servlet context (current web application). - You can not include pages from outside the current web application. - Note that you can include any page, not just a JSP page; we just - used page with path ending in <code class="inline-code">.jsp</code> as an - illustration.</p> - - <p>In addition to the <code class="inline-code">path</code> parameter, you can - also specify an optional parameter named - <code class="inline-code">inherit_params</code> with a boolean value (defaults to - true when not specified) that specifies whether the included page - will see the HTTP request parameters of the current request or - not.</p> - - <p>Finally, you can specify an optional parameter named - <code class="inline-code">params</code> that specifies new request parameters that - the included page will see. In case inherited parameters are passed - too, the values of specified parameters will get prepended to the - values of inherited parameters of the same name. The value of - <code class="inline-code">params</code> must be a hash, with each value in it - being either a string, or a sequence of strings (if you need - multivalued parameters). Here's a full example:</p> - - - -<div class="code-wrapper"><pre class="code-block code-template"><@include_page path="path/to/some.jsp" inherit_params=true params={"foo": "99", "bar": ["a", "b"]}/></pre></div> - - <p>This will include the page - <code class="inline-code">path/to/some.jsp</code>, pass it all request parameters - of the current request, except for "foo" and "bar", which will be - set to "99" and multi-value of "a", "b", respectively. In case the - original request already had values for these parameters, the new - values will be prepended to the existing values. I.e. if "foo" had - values "111" and "123", then it will now have values "99", "111", - "123".</p> - - <p><span class="marked-for-programmers">It is in fact possible to pass - non-string values for parameter values within - <code class="inline-code">params</code>. Such a value will be converted to a - suitable Java object first (i.e. a Number, a Boolean, a Date, etc.), - and then its Java <code class="inline-code">toString()</code> method will be used - to obtain the string value. It is better to not rely on this - mechanism, though, and instead explicitly ensure that parameter - values that aren't strings are converted to strings on the template - level where you have control over formatting using the - <code class="inline-code">?string</code> and <code class="inline-code">?c</code> built-ins. - </span></p> - - - - - -<h2 class="content-header header-section2" id="autoid_63">Using JSP custom tags in FTL</h2> - - - - - - - - - <p><code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code> puts the - <code class="inline-code">JspTaglibs</code> hash into the data-model, which you - can use to access JSP taglibs. The JSP custom tags will be - accessible as plain user-defined directives, and the custom EL - functions (since FreeMarker 2.3.22) as methods. For example, for - this JSP file:</p> - - - -<div class="code-wrapper"><pre class="code-block code-template"><%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-2" language="java"%> -<%@ taglib prefix="e" uri="/WEB-INF/example.tld" %> -<%@ taglib prefix="oe" uri="/WEB-INF/other-example.tld" %> -<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> -<%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" %> - -<%-- Custom JSP tags and functions: --%> - -<e:someTag numParam="123" boolParam="true" strParam="Example" anotherParam="${someVar}"> - ... -</e:someTag> - -<oe:otherTag /> - -${e:someELFunction(1, 2)} - - -<%-- JSTL: --%> - -<c:if test="${foo}"> - Do this -</c:if> - -<c:choose> - <c:when test="${x == 1}"> - Do this - </c:when> - <c:otherwise> - Do that - </c:otherwise> -</c:choose> - -<c:forEach var="person" items="${persons}"> - ${person.name} -</c:forEach> - -${fn:trim(bar)}</pre></div> - - <p>the about equivalent FTL is:</p> - - - -<div class="code-wrapper"><pre class="code-block code-template"><#assign e=JspTaglibs["/WEB-INF/example.tld"]> -<#assign oe=JspTaglibs["/WEB-INF/other-example.tld"]> - -<#-- Custom JSP tags and functions: --#> - -<@e.someTag numParam=123 boolParam=true strParam="Example" anotherParam=someVar> - ... -</@e.someTag> - -<@oe.otherTag /> - -${e.someELFunction(1, 2)} - - -<#-- JSTL - Instead, use native FTL constructs: --> - -<#if foo> - Do this -</#if> - -<#if x == 1> - Do this -<#else> - Do that -</#if> - -<#list persons as person> - ${person.name} -</#list> - -${bar?trim}</pre></div> - - <div class="callout note"> - <strong class="callout-label">Note:</strong> - - <p>Parameter values don't use quotation and - <code class="inline-code">"${<em class="code-color">...</em>}"</code> like in - JSP. See more explanation later.</p> - </div> - - - <div class="callout note"> - <strong class="callout-label">Note:</strong> - - <p><code class="inline-code">JspTaglibs</code> is not a core FreeMarker - feature; it only exists when the template is called through the - <code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code>. That's because JSP - tags/functions assume a servlet environment (FreeMarker doesn't), - plus some Servlet concepts have to be emulated in the special - FreeMarker data-model that <code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code> - builds. Many modern frameworks use FreeMarker on a pure way, not - through <code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code>.</p> - </div> - - - <p>Since JSP custom tags are written to operate in JSP - environment, they assume that variables (often referred as - "beans" in JSP world) are stored in 4 scopes: page - scope, request scope, session scope and application scope. FTL has - no such notation (the 4 scopes), but - <code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code> provides emulated JSP - environment for the custom JSP tags, which maintains correspondence - between the "beans" of JSP scopes and FTL variables. - For the custom JSP tags, the request, session and application scopes - are exactly the same as with real JSP: the attributes of the - <code class="inline-code">javax.servlet.ServletContext</code>, - <code class="inline-code">HttpSession</code> and <code class="inline-code">ServletRequest</code> - objects. From the FTL side you see these 3 scopes together as the - data-model, as it was explained earlier. The page scope corresponds - to the FTL global variables (see the <a href="ref_directive_global.html#ref.directive.global"><code>global</code> - directive</a>). That is, if you create a variable with the - <code class="inline-code">global</code> directive, it will be visible for the - custom tags as page scope variable through the emulated JSP - environment. Also, if a JSP-tag creates a new page scope variable, - the result will be the same as if you create a variable with the - <code class="inline-code">global</code> directive. Note that the variables in the - data-model are not visible as page-scope attributes for the JSP - tags, despite that they are globally visible, since the data-model - corresponds to the request, session and application scopes, not the - page-scope.</p> - - <p>On JSP pages you quote all attribute values, it does not mater - if the type of the parameter is string or boolean or number. But - since custom tags are accessible in FTL templates as user-defined - FTL directives, you have to use the FTL syntax rules inside the - custom tags, not the JSP rules. So when you specify the value of an - "attribute", then on the right side of the - <code class="inline-code">=</code> there is an <a href="dgui_template_exp.html">FTL expression</a>. Thus, - <em>you must not quote boolean and numerical parameter - values</em> (e.g. <code class="inline-code"><@tiles.insert - page="/layout.ftl" flush=true/></code>), or they are - interpreted as string values, and this will cause a type mismatch - error when FreeMarker tries to pass the value to the custom tag that - expects non-string value. Also note that, naturally, you can use any - FTL expression as attribute value, such as variables, calculated - values, etc. (e.g. <code class="inline-code"><@tiles.insert page=layoutName - flush=foo && bar/></code>).</p> - - <p>FreeMarker does not rely on the JSP support of the servlet - container in which it is run when it uses JSP taglibs since it - implements its own lightweight JSP runtime environment. There is - only one small detail to pay attention to: to enable the FreeMarker - JSP runtime environment to dispatch events to JSP taglibs that - register event listeners in their TLD files, you should add this to - the <code class="inline-code">WEB-INF/web.xml</code> of your Web - application:</p> - - - -<div class="code-wrapper"><pre class="code-block code-unspecified"><listener> - <listener-class>freemarker.ext.jsp.EventForwarding</listener-class> -</listener></pre></div> - - <p>Note that you can use JSP taglibs with FreeMarker even if the - servlet container has no native JSP support, just make sure that the - <code class="inline-code">javax.servlet.jsp.*</code> packages for JSP 2.0 (or - later) are available to your Web application.</p> - - <p>As of this writing, JSP features up to JSP 2.1 are - implemented, except the "tag files" feature of JSP 2 (i.e., custom - JSP tags <em>implemented</em> in JSP language). The tag - files had to be compiled to Java classes to be usable under - FreeMarker.</p> - - <p><code class="inline-code">JspTaglibs[<em class="code-color">uri</em>]</code> - will have to find the TLD for the URI specified, just like JSP's - <code class="inline-code">@taglib</code> directive has to. For this, it implements - the TLD discovery mechanism described in the JSP specification. See - more there, but in a nutshell, it searches TLD-s in - <code class="inline-code">WEB-INF/web.xml</code> <code class="inline-code">taglib</code> - elements, at <code class="inline-code">WEB-INF/**/*.tld</code>, and in - <code class="inline-code">WEB-INF/lib/*.{jar,zip}/META-INF/**/*.tld</code>. - Additionally, it can discover TLD-s that are visible for the class - loader even if they are outside the WAR structure, when you set that - up with the <code class="inline-code">MetaInfTldSources</code> and/or - <code class="inline-code">ClasspathTlds</code> - <code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code> init-params (since 2.3.22). See - the Java API documentation of <code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code> - for the description of these. It's also possible to set these from - Java system properties, which can be handy when you want to change - these in the Eclipse run configuration without modifying the - <code class="inline-code">web.xml</code>; again, see the - <code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code> API docs. - <code class="inline-code">FreemarkerServlet</code> also recognizes the - <code class="inline-code">org.eclipse.jetty.server.webapp.ContainerIncludeJarPattern</code> - servlet context attribute, and adds the entries from it to - <code class="inline-code">MetaInfTldSources</code>.</p> - - - - - -<h2 class="content-header header-section2" id="autoid_64">Embed FTL into JSP pages</h2> - - - - - <p>There is a taglib that allows you to put FTL fragments into - JSP pages. The embedded FTL fragment can access the attributes - (Beans) of the 4 JSP scopes. You can find a working example and the - taglib in the FreeMarker distribution.</p> - <div class="bottom-pagers-wrapper"><div class="pagers bottom"><a class="paging-arrow previous" href="pgui_misc_logging.html"><span>Previous</span></a><a class="paging-arrow next" href="pgui_misc_secureenv.html"><span>Next</span></a></div></div></div></div> </div> - </div> -<div class="site-footer"><div class="site-width"><div class="footer-top"><div class="col-left sitemap"><div class="column"><h3 class="column-header">Overview</h3><ul><li><a href="http://freemarker.org/";>What is FreeMarker?</a></li><li><a href="http://freemarker.org/freemarkerdownload.html";>Download</a></li><li><a href="app_versions.html">Version history</a></li><li><a href="http://freemarker.org/history.html";>About us</a></li><li><a itemprop="license" href="app_license.html">License</a></li></ul></div><div class="column"><h3 class="column-header">Handy stuff</h3><ul><li><a href="http://freemarker-online.kenshoo.com/";>Try template online</a></li><li><a href="dgui_template_exp.html#exp_cheatsheet">Expressions cheatsheet</a></li><li><a href="ref_directive_alphaidx.html">#directives</a></li><li><a href="ref_builtins_alphaidx.html">?built_ins</a></li><li><a href="ref_specvar.html">.special_vars</a></li></ul></div><div class="column"><h3 class="column-header">Community</h3><ul><li><a href ="https://github.com/freemarker/freemarker";>FreeMarker on Github</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/freemarker";>Follow us on Twitter</a></li><li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FREEMARKER/";>Report a bug</a></li><li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask?tags=freemarker";>Ask a question</a></li><li><a href="http://freemarker.org/mailing-lists.html";>Mailing lists</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="col-right"><ul class="social-icons"><li><a class="github" href="https://github.com/freemarker/freemarker";>Github</a></li><li><a class="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/freemarker";>Twitter</a></li><li><a class="stack-overflow" href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask?tags=freemarker";>Stack Overflow</a></li></ul><a class="xxe" href="http://www.xmlmind.com/xmleditor/"; rel="nofollow" title="Edited with XMLMind XML Editor"><span>Edited with XMLMind XML Editor</span></a></div></div><div class="footer-bottom"> <p class="last-generated"> -Last generated: -<time itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2017-03-13T10:55:28Z" title="Monday, March 13, 2017 10:55:28 AM GMT">2017-03-13 10:55:28 GMT</time>, for Freemarker 2.3.26 </p> -<p class="copyright"> -© <span itemprop="copyrightYear">1999</span>â2017 -<a itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"; itemprop="copyrightHolder" href="http://apache.org/";>The Apache Software Foundation</a>. Apache FreeMarker, FreeMarker, Apache Incubator, Apache, the Apache FreeMarker logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. </p> -</div></div></div></body> -</html>
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-freemarker-site/blob/a4004324/builds/2.3.26-nightly/pgui_misc_var.html ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/builds/2.3.26-nightly/pgui_misc_var.html b/builds/2.3.26-nightly/pgui_misc_var.html deleted file mode 100644 index 2d36821..0000000 --- a/builds/2.3.26-nightly/pgui_misc_var.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,113 +0,0 @@ -<!doctype html> -<!-- Generated by FreeMarker/Docgen from DocBook --> -<html lang="en" class="page-type-section"> -<head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#";> -<meta charset="utf-8"> -<title>Variables, scopes - Apache FreeMarker Manual</title> -<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> -<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> -<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> -<meta property="og:site_name" content="Apache FreeMarker Manual"> -<meta property="og:title" content="Variables, scopes"> -<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"> -<meta property="og:url" content="http://freemarker.org/docs/pgui_misc_var.html";> -<link rel="canonical" href="http://freemarker.org/docs/pgui_misc_var.html";> -<link rel="icon" href="favicon.png" type="image/png"> -<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:500,700,400,300|Droid+Sans+Mono"> -<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docgen-resources/docgen.min.css?1489402528979"> -<script> -(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ -(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), -m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) -})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); 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This object stores - the runtime state of template processing. Among other things, it - stores the variables created by the template with directives like - <code class="inline-code">assign</code>, <code class="inline-code">macro</code>, - <code class="inline-code">local</code> or <code class="inline-code">global</code>. It never tries - to modify the data-model object that you pass to the - <code class="inline-code">process</code> call, nor does it create or replace shared - variables stored in the configuration.</p><p>When you try to read a variable, FreeMarker will seek the - variable in this order, and stops when it finds a variable with the - right name:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"> - <li> - <p>In the Environment:</p> - - <div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"> - <li> - <p>If you are in a loop, in the set of loop variables. Loop - variables are the variables created by directives like - <code class="inline-code">list</code>.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>If you are inside a macro, in the local variable set of - the macro. Local variables can be created with the - <code class="inline-code">local</code> directive. Also, the parameters of - macros are local variables.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>In the current <a href="dgui_misc_namespace.html">namespace</a>. You can put - variables into a namespace with the <code class="inline-code">assign</code> - directive.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>In the set of variables created with - <code class="inline-code">global</code> directive. FTL handles these - variables as if they were normal members of the data-model. - That is, they are visible in all namespaces, and you can - access them as if they would be in the data-model.</p> - </li> - </ol></div> - </li> - - <li> - <p>In the data-model object you have passed to the - <code class="inline-code">process</code> method</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>In the set of shared variables stored in the - <code class="inline-code">Configuration</code></p> - </li> - </ol></div><p>In practice, from the viewpoint of template authors these 6 - layers are only 4 layers, since from that viewpoint the last 3 layers - (variables created with <code class="inline-code">global</code>, the actual - data-model object, shared variables) together constitute the set of - global variables.</p><p>Note that it is possible to get variables from a specific layer - in FTL with <a href="ref_specvar.html">special - variables</a>.</p><div class="bottom-pagers-wrapper"><div class="pagers bottom"><a class="paging-arrow previous" href="pgui_misc.html"><span>Previous</span></a><a class="paging-arrow next" href="pgui_misc_charset.html"><span>Next</span></a></div></div></div></div> </div> - </div> -<div class="site-footer"><div class="site-width"><div class="footer-top"><div class="col-left sitemap"><div class="column"><h3 class="column-header">Overview</h3><ul><li><a href="http://freemarker.org/";>What is FreeMarker?</a></li><li><a href="http://freemarker.org/freemarkerdownload.html";>Download</a></li><li><a href="app_versions.html">Version history</a></li><li><a href="http://freemarker.org/history.html";>About us</a></li><li><a itemprop="license" href="app_license.html">License</a></li></ul></div><div class="column"><h3 class="column-header">Handy stuff</h3><ul><li><a href="http://freemarker-online.kenshoo.com/";>Try template online</a></li><li><a href="dgui_template_exp.html#exp_cheatsheet">Expressions cheatsheet</a></li><li><a href="ref_directive_alphaidx.html">#directives</a></li><li><a href="ref_builtins_alphaidx.html">?built_ins</a></li><li><a href="ref_specvar.html">.special_vars</a></li></ul></div><div class="column"><h3 class="column-header">Community</h3><ul><li><a href ="https://github.com/freemarker/freemarker";>FreeMarker on Github</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/freemarker";>Follow us on Twitter</a></li><li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FREEMARKER/";>Report a bug</a></li><li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask?tags=freemarker";>Ask a question</a></li><li><a href="http://freemarker.org/mailing-lists.html";>Mailing lists</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="col-right"><ul class="social-icons"><li><a class="github" href="https://github.com/freemarker/freemarker";>Github</a></li><li><a class="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/freemarker";>Twitter</a></li><li><a class="stack-overflow" href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask?tags=freemarker";>Stack Overflow</a></li></ul><a class="xxe" href="http://www.xmlmind.com/xmleditor/"; rel="nofollow" title="Edited with XMLMind XML Editor"><span>Edited with XMLMind XML Editor</span></a></div></div><div class="footer-bottom"> <p class="last-generated"> -Last generated: -<time itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2017-03-13T10:55:28Z" title="Monday, March 13, 2017 10:55:28 AM GMT">2017-03-13 10:55:28 GMT</time>, for Freemarker 2.3.26 </p> -<p class="copyright"> -© <span itemprop="copyrightYear">1999</span>â2017 -<a itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"; itemprop="copyrightHolder" href="http://apache.org/";>The Apache Software Foundation</a>. 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To support this, a new XML wrapper package was introduced, - <code class="inline-code">freemarker.ext.dom</code>. For new usage, we encourage - you to use that. It is documented in the part <a href="xgui.html">XML Processing Guide</a>.</p> - </div> -<p>The class <code class="inline-code">freemarker.ext.xml.NodeListModel</code> - provides a template model for wrapping XML documents represented as - node trees. Every node list can contain zero or more XML nodes - (documents, elements, texts, processing instructions, comments, entity - references, CDATA sections, etc.). The node list implements the - following template model interfaces with the following - semantics:</p> - - - - -<h2 class="content-header header-section2" id="autoid_65">TemplateScalarModel</h2> - - - <p>When used as a scalar, the node list will render the XML - fragment that represents its contained nodes. This makes it handy - for use in XML-to-XML transforming templates.</p> - - - - - -<h2 class="content-header header-section2" id="autoid_66">TemplateCollectionModel</h2> - - - <p>When used as a collection with <code class="inline-code">list</code> - directive, it will simply enumerate its nodes. Every node will be - returned as a new node list consisting of a single node.</p> - - - - - -<h2 class="content-header header-section2" id="autoid_67">TemplateSequenceModel</h2> - - - <p>When used as a sequence, it will return the i-th node as a new - node list consisting of the single requested node. I.e. to return - the 3rd <code class="inline-code"><chapter></code> element of the - <code class="inline-code"><book></code> element, you'd use the following - (note indexes are zero-based):</p> - - - -<div class="code-wrapper"><pre class="code-block code-template"><#assign thirdChapter = xmldoc.book.chapter[2]></pre></div> - - - - - -<h2 class="content-header header-section2" id="autoid_68">TemplateHashModel</h2> - - - <p>When used as a hash, it is basically used to traverse - children. That is, if you have a node list named - <code class="inline-code">book</code> that wraps an element node with several - chapters, then the <code class="inline-code">book.chapter</code> will yield a node - list with all chapter elements of that book element. The at sign is - used to refer to attributes: <code class="inline-code">book.@title</code> yields a - node list with a single attribute node, that is the title attribute - of the book element.</p> - - <p>It is important to realize the consequence that, for example, - if <code class="inline-code">book</code> has no <code class="inline-code">chapter</code>-s then - <code class="inline-code">book.chapter</code> is an empty sequence, so - <code class="inline-code">xmldoc.book.chapter??</code> will - <em>not</em> be <code class="inline-code">false</code>, it will be - always <code class="inline-code">true</code>! Similarly, - <code class="inline-code">xmldoc.book.somethingTotallyNonsense??</code> will not - be <code class="inline-code">false</code> either. To check if there was no - children found, use <code class="inline-code">xmldoc.book.chapter?size == - 0</code>.</p> - - <p>The hash defines several "magic keys" as well. All these keys - start with an underscore. The most notable is the - <code class="inline-code">_text</code> key which retrieves the text of the node: - <code class="inline-code">${book.@title._text}</code> will render the value of the - attribute into the template. Similarly, <code class="inline-code">_name</code> - will retrieve the name of the element or attribute. - <code class="inline-code">*</code> or <code class="inline-code">_allChildren</code> returns all - direct children elements of all elements in the node list, while - <code class="inline-code">@*</code> or <code class="inline-code">_allAttributes</code> returns - all attributes of the elements in the node list. There are many more - such keys; here's a detailed summary of all the hash keys:</p> - - <div class="table-responsive"> - <table class="table"> - - <thead> - <tr> - <th>Key name</th> - - - <th>Evaluates to</th> - - </tr> - - </thead> - - - <tbody> - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">*</code> or <code class="inline-code">_children</code></td> - - - <td>all direct element children of current nodes - (non-recursive). Applicable to element and document - nodes.</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">@*</code> or - <code class="inline-code">_attributes</code></td> - - - <td>all attributes of current nodes. Applicable to elements - only.</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">@<em class="code-color">attributeName</em></code></td> - - - <td>named attributes of current nodes. Applicable to elements, - doctypes and processing instructions. On doctypes it supports - attributes <code class="inline-code">publicId</code>, - <code class="inline-code">systemId</code> and - <code class="inline-code">elementName</code>. On processing instructions, it - supports attributes <code class="inline-code">target</code> and - <code class="inline-code">data</code>, as well as any other attribute name - specified in data as <code class="inline-code">name="value"</code> pair. The - attribute nodes for doctype and processing instruction are - synthetic, and as such have no parent. Note, however that - <code class="inline-code">@*</code> does NOT operate on doctypes or - processing instructions.</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_ancestor</code></td> - - - <td>all ancestors up to root element (recursive) of current - nodes. Applicable to same node types as - <code class="inline-code">_parent</code>.</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_ancestorOrSelf</code></td> - - - <td>all ancestors of current nodes plus current nodes. - Applicable to same node types as - <code class="inline-code">_parent</code>.</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_cname</code></td> - - - <td>the canonical names of current nodes (namespace URI + - local name), one string per node (non-recursive). Applicable - to elements and attributes</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_content</code></td> - - - <td>the complete content of current nodes, including children - elements, text, entity references, and processing instructions - (non-recursive). Applicable to elements and documents.</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_descendant</code></td> - - - <td>all recursive descendant element children of current - nodes. Applicable to document and element nodes.</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_descendantOrSelf</code></td> - - - <td>all recursive descendant element children of current nodes - plus current nodes. Applicable to document and element - nodes.</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_document</code></td> - - - <td>all documents the current nodes belong to. Applicable to - all nodes except text.</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_doctype</code></td> - - - <td>doctypes of the current nodes. Applicable to document - nodes only.</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_filterType</code></td> - - - <td>is a filter-by-type template method model. When called, it - will yield a node list that contains only those current nodes - whose type matches one of types passed as argument. You should - pass arbitrary number of strings to this method containing the - names of types to keep. Valid type names are: "attribute", - "cdata", "comment", "document", "documentType", "element", - "entity", "entityReference", "processingInstruction", - "text".</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_name</code></td> - - - <td>the names of current nodes, one string per node - (non-recursive). Applicable to elements and attributes - (returns their local names), entities, processing instructions - (returns its target), doctypes (returns its public ID)</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_nsprefix</code></td> - - - <td>the namespace prefixes of current nodes, one string per - node (non-recursive). Applicable to elements and - attributes</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_nsuri</code></td> - - - <td>the namespace URIs of current nodes, one string per node - (non-recursive). Applicable to elements and attributes</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_parent</code></td> - - - <td>parent elements of current nodes. Applicable to element, - attribute, comment, entity, processing instruction.</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_qname</code></td> - - - <td>the qualified names of current nodes in - <code class="inline-code">[namespacePrefix:]localName</code> form, one - string per node (non-recursive). Applicable to elements and - attributes</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_registerNamespace(prefix, uri)</code></td> - - - <td>register a XML namespace with the specified prefix and URI - for the current node list and all node lists that are derived - from the current node list. After registering, you can use the - <code class="inline-code">nodelist["prefix:localname"]</code> or - <code class="inline-code">nodelist["@prefix:localname"]</code> syntaxes to - reach elements and attributes whose names are - namespace-scoped. Note that the namespace prefix need not - match the actual prefix used by the XML document itself since - namespaces are compared solely by their URI.</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_text</code></td> - - - <td>the text of current nodes, one string per node - (non-recursive). Applicable to elements, attributes, comments, - processing instructions (returns its data) and CDATA sections. - The reserved XML characters ('<' and '&') are not - escaped.</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_type</code></td> - - - <td>Returns a node list containing one string per node - describing the type of the node. Possible node type names are: - "attribute", "cdata", "comment", "document", "documentType", - "element", "entity", "entityReference", - "processingInstruction", "text". If the type of the node is - unknown, returns "unknown".</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td><code class="inline-code">_unique</code></td> - - - <td>a copy of the current nodes that keeps only the first - occurrence of every node, eliminating duplicates. Duplicates - can occur in the node list by applying uptree-traversals - <code class="inline-code">_parent</code>, <code class="inline-code">_ancestor</code>, - <code class="inline-code">_ancestorOrSelf</code>, and - <code class="inline-code">_document</code>. I.e. - <code class="inline-code">foo._children._parent</code> will return a node - list that has duplicates of nodes in foo - each node will have - the number of occurrences equal to the number of its children. - In these cases, use - <code class="inline-code">foo._children._parent._unique</code> to eliminate - duplicates. Applicable to all node types.</td> - - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td>any other key</td> - - - <td>element children of current nodes with name matching the - key. This allows for convenience child traversal in - <code class="inline-code">book.chapter.title</code> style syntax. Note that - <code class="inline-code">nodeset.childname</code> is technically equivalent - to <code class="inline-code">nodeset("childname")</code>, but is both - shorter to write and evaluates faster. Applicable to document - and element nodes.</td> - - </tr> - - </tbody> - - </table> - </div> - - - - - - -<h2 class="content-header header-section2" id="autoid_69">TemplateMethodModel</h2> - - - <p>When used as a method model, it returns a node list that is - the result of evaluating an XPath expression on the current contents - of the node list. For this feature to work, you must have the - <code class="inline-code">Jaxen</code> library in your classpath. For - example:</p> - - - -<div class="code-wrapper"><pre class="code-block code-template"><#assign firstChapter=xmldoc("//chapter[first()]")></pre></div> - - - - - -<h2 class="content-header header-section2" id="autoid_70">Namespace handling</h2> - - - <p>For purposes of traversal of children elements that have - namespace-scoped names, you can register namespace prefixes with the - node list. You can do it either in Java, calling the</p> - - - -<div class="code-wrapper"><pre class="code-block code-unspecified">public void registerNamespace(String prefix, String uri);</pre></div> - - <p>method, or inside a template using the</p> - - - -<div class="code-wrapper"><pre class="code-block code-template">${<em>nodelist</em>._registerNamespace(<em>prefix</em>, <em>uri</em>)}</pre></div> - - <p>syntax. From there on, you can refer to children elements in - the namespace denoted by the particular URI through the - syntax</p> - - -<pre class="metaTemplate"><code class="inline-code"><em class="code-color">nodelist</em>["<em class="code-color">prefix</em>:<em class="code-color">localName</em>"]</code></pre> - - - <p>and</p> - - -<pre class="metaTemplate"><code class="inline-code"><em class="code-color">nodelist</em>["@<em class="code-color">prefix</em>:<em class="code-color">localName</em>"]</code></pre> - - - <p>as well as use these namespace prefixes in XPath expressions. - Namespaces registered with a node list are propagated to all node - lists that are derived from the original node list. Note also that - namespaces are matched by their URI only, so you can safely use a - prefix for a namespace inside your template that differs from the - prefix in the actual XML document - a prefix is just a local alias - for the URI both in the template and in the XML document.</p> - <div class="bottom-pagers-wrapper"><div class="pagers bottom"><a class="paging-arrow previous" href="pgui_misc_secureenv.html"><span>Previous</span></a><a class="paging-arrow next" href="pgui_misc_ant.html"><span>Next</span></a></div></div></div></div> </div> - </div> -<div class="site-footer"><div class="site-width"><div class="footer-top"><div class="col-left sitemap"><div class="column"><h3 class="column-header">Overview</h3><ul><li><a href="http://freemarker.org/";>What is FreeMarker?</a></li><li><a href="http://freemarker.org/freemarkerdownload.html";>Download</a></li><li><a href="app_versions.html">Version history</a></li><li><a href="http://freemarker.org/history.html";>About us</a></li><li><a itemprop="license" href="app_license.html">License</a></li></ul></div><div class="column"><h3 class="column-header">Handy stuff</h3><ul><li><a href="http://freemarker-online.kenshoo.com/";>Try template online</a></li><li><a href="dgui_template_exp.html#exp_cheatsheet">Expressions cheatsheet</a></li><li><a href="ref_directive_alphaidx.html">#directives</a></li><li><a href="ref_builtins_alphaidx.html">?built_ins</a></li><li><a href="ref_specvar.html">.special_vars</a></li></ul></div><div class="column"><h3 class="column-header">Community</h3><ul><li><a href ="https://github.com/freemarker/freemarker";>FreeMarker on Github</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/freemarker";>Follow us on Twitter</a></li><li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FREEMARKER/";>Report a bug</a></li><li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask?tags=freemarker";>Ask a question</a></li><li><a href="http://freemarker.org/mailing-lists.html";>Mailing lists</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="col-right"><ul class="social-icons"><li><a class="github" href="https://github.com/freemarker/freemarker";>Github</a></li><li><a class="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/freemarker";>Twitter</a></li><li><a class="stack-overflow" href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask?tags=freemarker";>Stack Overflow</a></li></ul><a class="xxe" href="http://www.xmlmind.com/xmleditor/"; rel="nofollow" title="Edited with XMLMind XML Editor"><span>Edited with XMLMind XML Editor</span></a></div></div><div class="footer-bottom"> <p class="last-generated"> -Last generated: -<time itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2017-03-13T10:55:28Z" title="Monday, March 13, 2017 10:55:28 AM GMT">2017-03-13 10:55:28 GMT</time>, for Freemarker 2.3.26 </p> -<p class="copyright"> -© <span itemprop="copyrightYear">1999</span>â2017 -<a itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"; itemprop="copyrightHolder" href="http://apache.org/";>The Apache Software Foundation</a>. 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