nvollmar commented on code in PR #3501:
URL: https://github.com/apache/pekko/pull/3501#discussion_r3913611590


##########
actor/src/main/scala/org/apache/pekko/serialization/NestedDeserialization.scala:
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@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.pekko.serialization
+
+import java.io.NotSerializableException
+
+import org.apache.pekko.annotation.InternalApi
+
+/**
+ * INTERNAL API
+ *
+ * Bounds how deeply one deserialization may nest.
+ *
+ * Several wire formats carry a nested payload: the enclosed message is an 
opaque byte
+ * array that is deserialized in turn, and that payload may itself enclose 
another. Each
+ * level is parsed on its own, so a protobuf parser's nesting limit does not 
bound the
+ * chain - only the size of the message does. Recursion therefore tracks the 
nesting
+ * rather than the size of the message, and a sufficiently deep chain fails 
with a
+ * `StackOverflowError` instead of a serialization error.
+ *
+ * The depth is per thread because one message is deserialized synchronously 
on one thread.
+ */
+@InternalApi
+private[pekko] object NestedDeserialization {
+
+  private val depth = new ThreadLocal[Array[Int]] {
+    override def initialValue(): Array[Int] = new Array[Int](1)

Review Comment:
   Maybe add a comment that Array[Int](1) is used to avoid boxing/unboxing int



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