makssent opened a new pull request, #40173:
URL: https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/pull/40173

   Changes proposed in this pull request:
     - The `predicate` rule of the Firebird grammar (`BaseRule.g4`) no longer 
has an empty first alternative. With it, `expr` could match nothing, and a 
string literal without `AS` in the select list (`SELECT ID, 'x' FROM ...`) was 
parsed as the alias of an empty expression, so 
`FirebirdStatementVisitor.visitPredicate` failed with `NullPointerException`.
     - `FirebirdPrepareStatementCommandExecutor` describes a literal of the 
select list with the new `processLiteralColumn`: the name `CONSTANT`, the alias 
or `CONSTANT` as the label, and for a string the length in characters (a 
doubled quote counts as one), as Firebird does. Before, a string literal was 
described as `VARCHAR` without a length, so `FirebirdReturnColumnPacket` failed 
with `NullPointerException`, and a numeric literal had an empty name.
     - The client now gets the rows and the column description of the server 
instead of `isc_random` "Unknown exception." when it executes or prepares such 
a query.
   
   The type of a string literal (`CHAR` on the server, `VARCHAR` through the 
proxy) and its NULL flag are not changed here: the proxy describes them by its 
common rules for all text columns and for nullability.
   
   Verification:
   The same queries were executed directly against a real database and through 
the proxy, and the results were compared.
   
   * Server: Firebird 5.0
   * Clients: Jaybird 5.0.13 and 6.0.6
   
     Rows (4101, 'a') and (4102, 'b') are inserted into `T_PLAIN (ID, NAME)` 
and deleted with the same results directly and through the proxy. Each query is 
executed, and prepared to read the name, label and precision of its columns, 
shown as `name/label precision`. Jaybird 5 and 6 give the same results.
   
     Before the fix:
   
     | Query | Proxy | Server | Match |
     |---|---|---|---|
     | `SELECT ID, 'x' FROM T_PLAIN WHERE ID BETWEEN 4101 AND 4102 ORDER BY ID` 
| error 335544382 `isc_random` "Unknown exception." when executed and when 
prepared | 4101 x, 4102 x; `ID/ID 10`, `CONSTANT/CONSTANT 1` | no |
     | `SELECT 'abc', NAME FROM T_PLAIN WHERE ID = 4101` | the same error | abc 
a; `CONSTANT/CONSTANT 3`, `NAME/NAME 20` | no |
     | `SELECT 'Привет' AS P, '' AS E, 'it''s' FROM T_PLAIN WHERE ID = 4101` | 
the same error | Привет, empty string, it's; `CONSTANT/P 6`, `CONSTANT/E 0`, 
`CONSTANT/CONSTANT 4` | no |
     | `SELECT 'x' FROM RDB$DATABASE` | the same error | x; `CONSTANT/CONSTANT 
1` | no |
     | `SELECT ID, 1, 'one' AS ONE FROM T_PLAIN WHERE ID BETWEEN 4101 AND 4102 
ORDER BY ID` | the same error | 4101 1 one, 4102 1 one; `ID/ID 10`, 
`CONSTANT/CONSTANT 10`, `CONSTANT/ONE 3` | no |
   
     After the fix:
   
     | Query | Proxy | Server | Match |
     |---|---|---|---|
     | `SELECT ID, 'x' FROM T_PLAIN WHERE ID BETWEEN 4101 AND 4102 ORDER BY ID` 
| 4101 x, 4102 x; `ID/ID 10`, `CONSTANT/CONSTANT 1` | 4101 x, 4102 x; `ID/ID 
10`, `CONSTANT/CONSTANT 1` | yes |
     | `SELECT 'abc', NAME FROM T_PLAIN WHERE ID = 4101` | abc a; 
`CONSTANT/CONSTANT 3`, `NAME/NAME 20` | abc a; `CONSTANT/CONSTANT 3`, 
`NAME/NAME 20` | yes |
     | `SELECT 'Привет' AS P, '' AS E, 'it''s' FROM T_PLAIN WHERE ID = 4101` | 
Привет, empty string, it's; `CONSTANT/P 6`, `CONSTANT/E 0`, `CONSTANT/CONSTANT 
4` | Привет, empty string, it's; `CONSTANT/P 6`, `CONSTANT/E 0`, 
`CONSTANT/CONSTANT 4` | yes |
     | `SELECT 'x' FROM RDB$DATABASE` | x; `CONSTANT/CONSTANT 1` | x; 
`CONSTANT/CONSTANT 1` | yes |
     | `SELECT ID, 1, 'one' AS ONE FROM T_PLAIN WHERE ID BETWEEN 4101 AND 4102 
ORDER BY ID` | 4101 1 one, 4102 1 one; `ID/ID 10`, `CONSTANT/CONSTANT 10`, 
`CONSTANT/ONE 3` | 4101 1 one, 4102 1 one; `ID/ID 10`, `CONSTANT/CONSTANT 10`, 
`CONSTANT/ONE 3` | yes |
   
   ---
   
   Before committing this PR, I'm sure that I have checked the following 
options:
   - [x] My code follows the [code of 
conduct](https://shardingsphere.apache.org/community/en/involved/conduct/code/) 
of this project.
   - [x] I have self-reviewed the commit code.
   - [ ] I have (or in comment I request) added corresponding labels for the 
pull request.
   - [ ] I have passed maven check locally : `./mvnw clean install -B -T1C 
-Dmaven.javadoc.skip -Dmaven.jacoco.skip -e`.
   - [ ] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation.
   - [x] I have added corresponding unit tests for my changes.
   - [ ] I have updated the Release Notes of the current development version. 
For more details, see [Update Release 
Note](https://shardingsphere.apache.org/community/en/involved/contribute/contributor/)
   - [ ] I have specified the tool and the affected files or area for 
substantial AI assistance, as required by the [AI-assisted contribution policy].
   
   [AI-assisted contribution policy]: 
https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/blob/master/AI_POLICY.md
   


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