hanahmily opened a new issue, #13329:
URL: https://github.com/apache/skywalking/issues/13329

   ### Search before asking
   
   - [x] I had searched in the 
[issues](https://github.com/apache/skywalking/issues?q=is%3Aissue) and found no 
similar feature requirement.
   
   
   ### Description
   
   Design a comprehensive schema to capture all essential tracing constructs 
(traces, spans, tags) while optimizing for storage efficiency and query 
performance.
   
   Key Features:
   - **Sparse Primary Index**: Implement a sparse index for the traceID primary 
key, with rows ordered by traceID to enable fast point queries and range scans.
   - **Query Column Files**: Store each queryable column (e.g., serviceName, 
operationName, status) in separate files. These files must support skipping 
indexes (min-max, bloom filter) to accelerate filtering. Rows in these files 
are ordered by `traceID-spanID` to maintain alignment with span data.
   - **Span Data File**: Store span data (e.g., start/end timestamps, tags, 
logs) in a dedicated file, ordered by `traceID-spanID`. This ordering ensures 
that spans from the same trace are grouped together for efficient retrieval.
   - **Merge Optimization**: For non-overlapping span files during merging 
(e.g., no overlapping `traceID-spanID` ranges), support direct concatenation 
without scanning file content to minimize merge time.
   
   ### Use case
   
   _No response_
   
   ### Related issues
   
   _No response_
   
   ### Are you willing to submit a pull request to implement this on your own?
   
   - [ ] Yes I am willing to submit a pull request on my own!
   
   ### Code of Conduct
   
   - [x] I agree to follow this project's [Code of 
Conduct](https://www.apache.org/foundation/policies/conduct)
   


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