dosubot[bot] commented on issue #40709:
URL: https://github.com/apache/superset/issues/40709#issuecomment-4612360696

   <!-- Answer -->
   Thanks for the detailed report! I can confirm this is a bug in the pandas 
postprocessing `rank` function.
   
   The issue is in [`superset/utils/pandas_postprocessing/rank.py` at line 
37](https://github.com/apache/superset/blob/829e4d92d91ceae4b43b1ed3b063ffe45377799c/superset/utils/pandas_postprocessing/rank.py#L35-L37):
   
   ```python
   if group_by:
       gb = df.groupby(group_by, group_keys=False)
       df["rank"] = gb.apply(lambda x: x[metric].rank(pct=True))
   ```
   
   When "Normalize Across X" is selected and a filter reduces the data to a 
single X value (single column), the `groupby` on that column produces groups 
where each group has only one row. In newer versions of pandas, 
`gb.apply(lambda x: x[metric].rank(pct=True))` can return a DataFrame with 
multiple columns instead of a Series when each group has a single element, 
causing the `ValueError: Cannot set a DataFrame with multiple columns to the 
single column rank` error.
   
   This is a known pandas behavior change — when `apply` is called on 
single-element groups, pandas may not properly infer the return type and 
returns a DataFrame instead of a Series.
   
   **A potential fix** would be to ensure the result is always a Series before 
assignment, for example:
   
   ```python
   if group_by:
       gb = df.groupby(group_by, group_keys=False)
       result = gb.apply(lambda x: x[metric].rank(pct=True))
       if isinstance(result, pd.DataFrame):
           result = result.iloc[:, 0]
       df["rank"] = result
   else:
       df["rank"] = df[metric].rank(pct=True)
   ```
   
   Or alternatively, using `transform` instead of `apply` which always returns 
a Series aligned with the original DataFrame:
   
   ```python
   if group_by:
       gb = df.groupby(group_by, group_keys=False)
       df["rank"] = gb[metric].transform(lambda x: x.rank(pct=True))
   ```
   
   The `transform` approach is likely cleaner since it avoids the `apply` 
return-type ambiguity altogether and is semantically more appropriate here (we 
want a value per row, not an aggregation).
   
   For the secondary issue (empty plot when both X and Y are reduced to a 
single value with normalize across X/Y), that's likely because a single-element 
group produces a rank of `NaN` or `1.0` that may not map correctly to the 
visualization — but fixing the `ValueError` above should make that case 
reachable for further debugging.
   
   
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