Hi,
I am looking at some simple simulations of ad-hoc routing protocols. I
was playing with the wired-cum-wireless example that come with ns-2,
but they don't seem to play very well with AODV.
I have put a traffic sink on the base station node and am using the
CBR traffic source to generate traffic. However, with AODV I just get
route errors - it never seems to be able to discover the route. Using
the same .tcl script but changing the routing protocol to DSDV the
simulation works and I can see traffic flows.
If I change the traffic sink so that it is another wireless node, then
everything seems to work fine. So I am guessing there is something
'strange' with my base station config...
Is anyone able to help me, please?
I am using ns-2.29. My script is as follows:
# ======================================================================
# Define options
# ======================================================================
set opt(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;# channel type
set opt(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;#
radio-propagation model
set opt(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy ;# network
interface type
set opt(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type
set opt(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# interface queue type
set opt(ll) LL ;# link layer type
set opt(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# antenna model
set opt(ifqlen) 50 ;# max packet in ifq
set opt(nn) 3 ;# number of mobilenodes
set opt(adhocRouting) AODV ;# routing protocol
set opt(cp) "" ;# connection
pattern file
set opt(sc) "scenario/scenario.txt" ;# node movement file.
set opt(x) 670 ;# x
coordinate of topology
set opt(y) 670 ;# y
coordinate of topology
set opt(seed) 0.0 ;# seed for
random number gen.
set opt(stop) 300 ;# time to
stop simulation
set opt(ftp1-start) 0.0
set opt(ftp2-start) 0.0
set num_wired_nodes 2
set num_bs_nodes 1
# ============================================================================
# check for boundary parameters and random seed
if { $opt(x) == 0 || $opt(y) == 0 } {
puts "No X-Y boundary values given for wireless topology\n"
}
if {$opt(seed) > 0} {
puts "Seeding Random number generator with $opt(seed)\n"
ns-random $opt(seed)
}
# create simulator instance
set ns_ [new Simulator]
# set up for hierarchical routing
$ns_ node-config -addressType hierarchical
AddrParams set domain_num_ 2 ;# number of domains
lappend cluster_num 2 1 ;# number of clusters in each domain
AddrParams set cluster_num_ $cluster_num
lappend eilastlevel 1 1 4 ;# number of nodes in each cluster
AddrParams set nodes_num_ $eilastlevel ;# of each domain
set tracefd [open simple_01_aodv.tr w]
set namtrace [open simple_01_aodv.nam w]
$ns_ trace-all $tracefd
$ns_ namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $opt(x) $opt(y)
set f0 [open sink_1_data_aodv.tr w]
set f1 [open sink_2_data_aodv.tr w]
# Create topography object
set topo [new Topography]
# define topology
$topo load_flatgrid $opt(x) $opt(y)
# create God
create-god [expr $opt(nn) + $num_bs_nodes]
#create wired nodes
set temp {0.0.0 0.1.0} ;# hierarchical addresses for wired domain
for {set i 0} {$i < $num_wired_nodes} {incr i} {
set W($i) [$ns_ node [lindex $temp $i]]
}
# configure for base-station node
$ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $opt(adhocRouting) \
-llType $opt(ll) \
-macType $opt(mac) \
-ifqType $opt(ifq) \
-ifqLen $opt(ifqlen) \
-antType $opt(ant) \
-propType $opt(prop) \
-phyType $opt(netif) \
-channelType $opt(chan) \
-topoInstance $topo \
-wiredRouting ON \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace ON \
-movementTrace ON
#create base-station node
set temp {1.0.0 1.0.1 1.0.2 1.0.3} ;# hier address to be used for wireless
;# domain
set BS(0) [$ns_ node [lindex $temp 0]]
$BS(0) random-motion 0 ;# disable random motion
#provide some co-ord (fixed) to base station node
$BS(0) set X_ 100.0
$BS(0) set Y_ 200.0
$BS(0) set Z_ 0.0
# create mobilenodes in the same domain as BS(0)
# note the position and movement of mobilenodes is as defined
# in $opt(sc)
#configure for mobilenodes
$ns_ node-config -wiredRouting OFF
for {set j 0} {$j < $opt(nn)} {incr j} {
set node_($j) [ $ns_ node [lindex $temp [expr $j+1]] ]
$node_($j) base-station [AddrParams addr2id [$BS(0) node-addr]]
}
#create links between wired and BS nodes
$ns_ duplex-link $W(0) $W(1) 5Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns_ duplex-link $W(1) $BS(0) 5Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns_ duplex-link-op $W(0) $W(1) orient down
$ns_ duplex-link-op $W(1) $BS(0) orient left-down
# ##########################################################################
# SETUP AND ATTACH AN EXPOO TRAFFIC SOURCE
# ##########################################################################
proc attach-expoo-traffic { node sink size burst idle rate } {
#Get an instance of the simulator
set ns [Simulator instance]
#Create a UDP agent and attach it to the node
set source [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $node $source
#Create an Expoo traffic agent and set its configuration parameters
set traffic [new Application/Traffic/Exponential]
$traffic set packetSize_ $size
$traffic set burst_time_ $burst
$traffic set idle_time_ $idle
$traffic set rate_ $rate
# Attach traffic source to the traffic generator
$traffic attach-agent $source
#Connect the source and the sink
$ns connect $source $sink
return $traffic
}
# ##########################################################################
set sink1 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink2 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(0) $sink1
$ns_ attach-agent $BS(0) $sink2
set source0 [attach-expoo-traffic $W(1) $sink1 200 2s 1s 100k]
set source1 [attach-expoo-traffic $node_(1) $sink2 200 2s 1s 200k]
# ##########################################################################
# RECORD THE AMOUNT OF DATA RECEIVED AT EACH DATA SINK
# ##########################################################################
proc record {} {
global sink1 sink2 f0 f1
#Get an instance of the simulator
set ns [Simulator instance]
#Set the time after which the procedure should be called again
set time 0.5
#How many bytes have been received by the traffic sinks?
set bw0 [$sink1 set bytes_]
set bw1 [$sink2 set bytes_]
#Get the current time
set now [$ns now]
#Calculate the bandwidth (in MBit/s) and write it to the files
puts $f0 "$now [expr $bw0/$time*8/1000000]"
puts $f1 "$now [expr $bw1/$time*8/1000000]"
#Reset the bytes_ values on the traffic sinks
$sink1 set bytes_ 0
$sink2 set bytes_ 0
#Re-schedule the procedure
$ns at [expr $now + $time] "record"
}
# ##########################################################################
# source connection-pattern and node-movement scripts
if { $opt(cp) == "" } {
puts "*** NOTE: no connection pattern specified."
set opt(cp) "none"
} else {
puts "Loading connection pattern..."
source $opt(cp)
}
if { $opt(sc) == "" } {
puts "*** NOTE: no scenario file specified."
set opt(sc) "none"
} else {
puts "Loading scenario file..."
source $opt(sc)
puts "Load complete..."
}
# Define initial node position in nam
for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nn)} {incr i} {
# 20 defines the node size in nam, must adjust it according to your
# scenario
# The function must be called after mobility model is defined
$ns_ initial_node_pos $node_($i) 20
}
# Tell all nodes when the simulation ends
for {set i } {$i < $opt(nn) } {incr i} {
$ns_ at $opt(stop).0 "$node_($i) reset";
}
$ns_ at $opt(stop).0 "$BS(0) reset";
$ns_ at 0.0 "record"
$ns_ at 10.0 "$source0 start"
$ns_ at 10.0 "$source1 start"
$ns_ at $opt(stop).0002 "puts \"NS EXITING...\" ; $ns_ halt"
$ns_ at $opt(stop).0001 "stop"
# ##########################################################################
# CALLED WHEN THE SIMULATION IS STOPPED.
# ##########################################################################
proc stop {} {
global ns_ tracefd namtrace
# $ns_ flush-trace
close $tracefd
close $namtrace
}
# ##########################################################################
puts "Starting Simulation..."
$ns_ run
Thanks,
Richard
