Chetan, Fergal, and David,

Thank you for your feedback! Your comments are very helpful. 
Really appreciate you taking the time to answer my questions thoroughly. 

Best,
Nick 




On Aug 4, 2014, at 9:00 PM, Chetan Surpur <[email protected]> wrote:

> Hi Nick,
> 
> Great questions. Adding to the other answers that have been sent, here are my 
> clarifications to some of your questions (out of order):
> 
>> 2- The wiki refers to encoder outputs as SDRs. Is that necessarily the case 
>> and if so, to what properties of encoder design is that requirement 
>> attributed to? (i.e. why do I need an SDR to be the output of the encoder as 
>> opposed to a binary vector unconstrained in density?) 
> 
> 
> Not necessarily. Encoders can output any kind of binary vector, and the 
> spatial pooler will convert them into SDRs. Most of the encoders that 
> currently exist output a sparse binary vector because that makes it easy to 
> distinguish between different outputs. But this is not a hard requirement.
> 
>> 1- Are there any specific properties that encoders need to have when 
>> designing one? What’s the rationale behind them if they exist? 
> 
> 
> As Fergal mentioned, semantic similarity between inputs should translate to 
> overlapping bits in the outputs. The rationale is simply that this will allow 
> the CLA to generalize more easily between similar inputs. Otherwise learning 
> would be slower.
> 
>> 3- Is there a biological counterpart for encoders in the general sense? 
> 
> Our biological sensors, like our retinas or cochleas. They have an 
> evolutionarily-driven hard-coded way of generating electrical activations 
> that have the above properties, and allow the lowest levels of the cortex to 
> learn patterns quickly.
> 
> - Chetan
> 
> On August 2, 2014 at 5:50:47 AM, Nicholas Mitri ([email protected]) wrote:
> 
>> Hey all, 
>> 
>> Just a few quick questions about encoders I’d appreciate some feedback to. 
>> 
>> 1- Are there any specific properties that encoders need to have when 
>> designing one? What’s the rationale behind them if they exist? 
>> 2- The wiki refers to encoder outputs as SDRs. Is that necessarily the case 
>> and if so, to what properties of encoder design is that requirement 
>> attributed to? (i.e. why do I need an SDR to be the output of the encoder as 
>> opposed to a binary vector unconstrained in density?) 
>> 3- Is there a biological counterpart for encoders in the general sense? 
>> 4- Encoders perform quantization on the input stream by binning similar 
>> input patterns into hypercubes in feature space and assigning a single label 
>> (SDR or binary representation) to each bin. The encoder resolution 
>> determines the size of the hypercube. The SP essentially performs a very 
>> similar task by binning the outputs of the encoder in a binary feature space 
>> instead. City block distance determined by a threshold parameter controls 
>> the size of the hypercubes/bins. Why is this not viewed as a redundant 
>> operation by 2 consecutive modules of the HTM design? Is there a strong case 
>> for allowing for it? 
>> 5- Finally, is there any benefit to designing an encoding scheme that bins 
>> inputs into hyperspheres instead of hypercubes? Would the resulting 
>> combination of bins produce decision boundaries that might possibly allow 
>> for better binary classification performance for example? 
>> 
>> Thanks! 
>> Nick 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
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